Weifang

Weifang (simplified Chinese: 潍坊; traditional Chinese: 濰坊; pinyin: Wéifāng) is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China. The city borders Dongying to the northwest, Zibo to the west, Linyi to the southwest, Rizhao to the south, Qingdao to the east, and looks out to the Laizhou Bay to the north. Its population was 9,086,241 at the 2010 census, of whom 2,659,938 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of four urban districts (Kuiwen, Weicheng, Hanting and Fangzi) and Changle County largely being urbanized.[1]

"Weihsien" redirects here. For the World War II civilian internment camp, see Weixian Internment Camp.
Weifang

潍坊市
Prefecture-level city
Top to bottom, left to right: Panorama view of Zhucheng area, Arch of Dongfengjie Bridge area, Weifang Kite Museum, Stature of Lu Ban, nearby Weifang People's Park, Fangci historical heritage area
Location of Weifang City jurisdiction in Shandong
Weifang
Location in China
Coordinates (Weifang municipal government): 36°42′29″N 119°09′43″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShandong
Municipal seatKuiwen District
Subdivisions
Government
 • Party SecretaryDu Changwen
 • MayorLiu Shuguang
Area
 • Prefecture-level city16,143.14 km2 (6,232.90 sq mi)
 • Urban
2,646.1 km2 (1,021.7 sq mi)
 • Metro
3,746.6 km2 (1,446.6 sq mi)
Elevation
32 m (106 ft)
Population
 (2010 census)
 • Prefecture-level city9,086,241
 • Density560/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
 • Urban
2,044,028
 • Urban density770/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,659,938
 • Metro density710/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
 • Major nationalities
Han Chinese
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
261000
(Urban center)
261300, 261500, 262100, 262200, 262400-262700
(Other areas)
Area code(s)536
ISO 3166 codeCN-SD-07
License plate prefixes鲁G & 鲁V
GDPCNY 478.67 billion (2014)
Coastline113 kilometres (70 mi)
Websitehttp://www.weifang.gov.cn/

Weifang has numerous natural and historic sites, such as Shihu Garden (from the Late Ming and early Qing Dynasty), Fangong Pavilion (from the Song Dynasty), fossil sites (including dinosaur fossils, in Shanwang, Linqu), Mount Yi National Forest Park, Mount Qingyun and the Old Dragon Spring. Painted New Year woodcuts from Yangjiabu are also well known. The city was served by Weifang Airport to various cities across China.

History

In 750 BC King Weijazhung named Weifang as his capital. His son Liefangxa grew Weifang with 600 people. In 100 BC Weifang grew 10,000. 1950 was 1,000,000 and 2019 10,000,000.

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Weifang administers 12 county-level divisions, including four districts, six county-level cities and two counties.

Map
Subdivision Chinese Pinyin
Weicheng District 潍城区 Wéichéng Qū
Hanting District 寒亭区 Hántíng Qū
Fangzi District 坊子区 Fāngzǐ Qū
Kuiwen District 奎文区 Kuǐwén Qū
Linqu County 临朐县 Línqú Xiàn
Changle County 昌乐县 Chānglè Xiàn
Qingzhou 青州市 Qīngzhōu Shì
Zhucheng 诸城市 Zhūchéng Shì
Shouguang 寿光市 Shòuguāng Shì
Anqiu 安丘市 Ānqiū Shì
Gaomi 高密市 Gāomì Shì
Changyi 昌邑市 Chāngyì Shì

Geography

Nearby major cities include Jinan and Zibo to the west, Yantai to the northeast and Qingdao to the southeast.

Weifang has a monsoon-influenced, four-season humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with hot, humid summers, and cold but dry winters. Monthly daily average temperatures range from −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) in January to 26.3 °C (79.3 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 12.71 °C (54.9 °F). More than 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September, and sunshine is generally abundant year-round. A majority of the annual precipitation occurs in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 47% in July to 62% in April, the city receives 2,536 hours of bright sunshine annually, sunshine is abundant except during the summer months.

Climate data for Weifang (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9)		 6.6
(43.9)		 12.7
(54.9)		 20.4
(68.7)		 25.9
(78.6)		 30.2
(86.4)		 31.3
(88.3)		 30.2
(86.4)		 26.8
(80.2)		 21.1
(70.0)		 12.7
(54.9)		 5.6
(42.1)		 18.9
(66.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0)		 0.1
(32.2)		 5.8
(42.4)		 13.3
(55.9)		 19.2
(66.6)		 23.9
(75.0)		 26.3
(79.3)		 25.3
(77.5)		 20.8
(69.4)		 14.5
(58.1)		 6.4
(43.5)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 12.7
(54.9)
Average low °C (°F) −7.2
(19.0)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 0.3
(32.5)		 7.0
(44.6)		 12.8
(55.0)		 18.2
(64.8)		 22.1
(71.8)		 21.2
(70.2)		 15.6
(60.1)		 9.2
(48.6)		 1.5
(34.7)		 −4.7
(23.5)		 7.6
(45.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 6.5
(0.26)		 9.9
(0.39)		 15.7
(0.62)		 22.1
(0.87)		 46.6
(1.83)		 75.9
(2.99)		 137.2
(5.40)		 133.7
(5.26)		 57.9
(2.28)		 31.0
(1.22)		 19.8
(0.78)		 8.9
(0.35)		 565.2
(22.25)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.4 3.9 4.0 5.6 6.4 8.4 12.5 10.2 6.8 5.9 4.8 3.7 75.6
Average relative humidity (%) 63 60 58 58 64 66 78 81 74 68 67 64 67
Mean monthly sunshine hours 176.4 176.1 215.6 241.9 267.7 241.8 208.8 221.1 222.9 211.5 179.6 172.9 2,536.3
Percent possible sunshine 58 58 58 62 61 55 47 53 60 61 59 58 57
Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days and sunshine 1971–2000)[2][3]

Economy

Established in August 1995, Weifang Binhai Economic & Technological Development Area (BEDA) is a national economic and technological development area approved by the State Council. Covering an area of 677 km2 (261 sq mi), BEDA has a population of 100,000. BEDA possesses a large state-owned industrial land for use with an area of 400 km2 (150 sq mi). BEDA has been accredited as National Demonstration Zone invigorating the Sea by Science and Technology, National Innovation Base for Rejuvenating Trade through Science and Technology and National Demonstration Eco-Industry Park.

The city is home to the large diesel engine company and factory Weichai. The village of Yangjiabu in Hanting District is famous for folk wood-block print (nianhua) and kite production.

In the 1980s, many sapphire deposits were discovered in Changle County. According to released information, billions of carats of sapphire are estimated to lie under an area of 450 km2 (170 sq mi). Mining here has become one of the top four sapphire producers in the world. The main feature of this sapphire is the dark blue or close to black color because of the high iron content.

Military

Weifang is headquarters of the 26th Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Jinan Military Region responsible for defense of the Yellow River Plain.

A historic German train station in Euro Town, Weifang

Culture

Kite flying
Kite Museum in Weifang

Kite flying is a traditional custom among the people in Weifang in spring time. In 1984, the first international kite festival was held in Weifang. More than ten thousand kite fans attended the opening ceremony. People from eleven different countries and regions, including the United States and Canada, took part in the festival, flying kites. Since then, Weifang holds the Weifang International Kite Festival each year. It is held each April.[4]

Painting

Annual Board of Yangjiabu (楊家埠木版年畫), one of the three most famous Chinese folk paintings in history, began from the end of the Ming Dynasty. It reached the peak of its development during the Qing Dynasty. People usually replace the old Annual Broads with the new ones on the eve of Spring Festival, which is the most important festival in China, in order to give blessings to the family and friends for the following year. The subjects of Annual Board of Yangjiabu are various, which include flowers, beauties, landscapes, characters from myths and legends. The architecture skills such as concise lines and bright colors reflect the distinctive characteristics of people in Weifang.

Papercutting
Chinese papercutting, in a style that is practically identical to the original 6th century form

Papercutting, the art of cutting paper designs, has a long history in the city of Gaomi. This widespread handicraft has unique styles, such as strong contrast in color, straight and simple line and exaggerated outline. The characters mostly come from the dramatic stories, flowers and birds, as well as some fantastic symbols.

Cuisine

There are three dishes representative of Weifang:

  • Ji-Ya Hele (鸡鸭和乐) Weifang Ji-Ya Hele is said to have originated in Shanxi province. Later on, it was brought to Weifang. The name "Hele" (和乐), a kind of noodle, was developed from the word "Helou" (河漏), a noodle name once used in history. Weifang Ji-Ya Hele is cooked with various ingredients, stewed with chicken and duck soup. To make delicious "Hele" Noodles, we need to put the "Hele" noodles into the pot. After it is fully boiled, add chicken, duck, Sliced Meatball, salted vegetables and spicy oil in the noodles. In 1997, Ji-Ya Hele was honored as a "Chinese Famous Snack" by China Cuisine Association.
  • Rou Huo Shao(肉火烧; '"meat pie"')[5] Meat Pie is the most famous cuisine in Weifang. Weifang Meat Pie has a long history and variety. "Mirror" recorded in Han Zhao Qi people living in the North Sea (i.e. Weifang) to sell Weifang Meat pie for a living. This is an example of an earlier business written records since the Meat pIe. Whether it is in the morning or at noon, in front of the shop is always a long row waiting for the pie. The shop is generally build along the street. Bite, coke dough rattling, in a high temperature furnace after repeatedly turning roast, pork moisten the green onion, egg, chopped dried shrimps fillings inside, aroma, mouth-watering produce the feeling, entrance juicy, full taste, people aftertaste.
  • Chao Tian Guo (朝天锅). Chao Tian Guo is a local specialties of Weifang. This food is known as created by Zheng Banqiao in Qianlong period of Qing dynasty. The main materials of Chao Tian Guo is thin pancake, meat ball, pig offal, tofu, and soy with the soup. The merchants use a huge pot to cook these materials and the customers can sit around this pot. The reason why it called Chao Tian Guo is "Chao Tian" in Chinese means the pot has no cover and the pot is facing to the sky ("Guo" in Chinese is means pot). Chao Tian Guo has been collect into the "Chinese famous snacks" list by Chinese cuisine association at 1997. In 2013, the production way of the Chao Tian Guo was selected into the Shandong provincial intangible cultural heritage list.[6]

Education

Weifang University and Weifang Medical University is in the city. Weifang Middle School is one of several high schools in the city.

Notable people
  • Zheng Xuan (127–200), Eastern Han Dynasty Confucian scholar
  • Liu Yong (1719–1805), renowned Qing Dynasty bureaucrat
  • Mo Yan (1955 - ), real named Guan Moye, renowned writer, awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012.
  • Fei Fei Sun (Born 1989), Fashion Model
  • Emperor Shun of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period
  • Yan Ying, Spring and Autumn period politician
  • Jia Sixie, Northern Wei Dynasty agriculturist

In addition, Kong Rong, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Dongpo, Zheng Banqiao, et al. have worked in Weifang historically. Examples of notable individuals from the city in more recent years include Wang Jinmei, Chen Shaomin, Wang Yuanjian, Wang Tongzhao and Zang Kejia.

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References
  1. China: Administrative Division of Shāndōng / 山东省 (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts Archived 2014-12-28 at the Wayback Machine. Citypopulation.de. Retrieved on 2015-11-26.
  2. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  3. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  4. Pictures of the 22nd Weifang Kite Festival Archived May 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  5. 潍坊肉火烧 (in Chinese). Baidu Baike. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  6. 朝天锅参考资料 (in Chinese). Baidu Baike. Archived from the original on 2019-04-22. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
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