Qianjiang District

Qianjiang District (formerly Qianjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, simplified Chinese: 黔江区; traditional Chinese: 黔江區; pinyin: Qiánjiāng Qū) is a district (formerly autonomous county) in the southeastern part of Chongqing Municipality, People's Republic of China, bordering Hubei province to the east and northeast. While it is governed as a district, in practice Qianjiang is its own city proper far removed from the urban centre of Chongqing. The Miao and Tujia ethnic groups constitute 50.03% of the Qianjiang population, the other half being mostly Han (49.94%). Qianjiang is nicknamed "The Throat of Sichuan and Hubei" (川鄂咽喉) because it sits on the intersection of Sichuan-Hubei and Sichuan-Hunan Roads.

Qianjiang

黔江区

Kienkiang
District
Qianjiang District in Chongqing
Coordinates (Qianjiang government): 29°32′01″N 108°46′15″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
MunicipalityChongqing
SeatChengxi Subdistrict
Area
 • Total2,397 km2 (925 sq mi)
Population
 (2009)
 • Total545,000
 • Density230/km2 (590/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)

There used to be a large region called Qianjiang Prefecture containing the contemporary jurisdiction area of Qianjiang District (see history below).

History

Qianjiang District used to be a county under a now-abolished prefecture (later development area) by the same name.

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Qianjiang was administratively part of the Fuling District. In 585 (during the Sui Dynasty), Shicheng District (石城县) was established as part of Yong Prefecture (庸州), with the district seat at today's Ba Village of Baxiang County (坝乡县坝村). In 607, Yong Prefecture was replaced by Badong Commandery (巴东郡). In 618 (the Tang Dynasty), Shicheng became part of Qian Prefecture (黔州), with district seat at Wuci Town (无慈城) and, in 630, Lienche Town.

In 742, Shicheng was renamed Qianjiang and was part of An Commandry (安郡). From 960 to 1368 (Song and Yuan), Qianjiang at this time was "half-barbarian" (半没于夷) and dominated by the local rich bourgeois of the Gongs, Hus, Qins, and Xiangs (龚、胡、秦、向) according to the Qianjiang County Records (黔江县志) of the Qing Dynasty.

In 1285 (late Yuan), Qianjiang was part of Ming Yuzhen's Daxia Empire. In 1372, it was part of Pengshui District. In 1378, 1216 soldiers were dispatched here to guard the place.

In early Qing, Qianjiang District was under Chongqing Subprefecture.

In 1912, Qianjiang County was under Liuxiang Fangqu (刘湘防区). In 1935, it was under of the Eighth Administrative Region (第八行政督察区) of Sichuan Province, also known as Youyang Special District (酉阳专区). The county seat was at Sanduo Town (三多镇).

On November 12, 1949, Qianjiang came under CPC control, and the People's Government was established on November 25, as part of Chuandong Administrative Special District (川东行政专区). The county seat changed to Lianhe Town (联合). On January 23, 1950, it was under Youyang Special District, which also administered Youyang and Xiushan Counties. In September 1952, Youyang was merged into Fuling Special District.

On November 14, 1983, the State Council approved to change the county status to a Tujia and Miao autonomous county: Qianjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County (黔江土家苗族自治县). The assembly was established November 13 of the following year.

On May 18, 1988, the State Council halved Fuling, making Qianjiang County, as well as four other counties (5 autonomous counties of Fuling's 10 counties), into a new prefecture: Qianjiang Prefecture. The other four counties were:

  • Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County (石柱土家族自治县)
  • Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County (彭水苗族土家族自治县)
  • Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County (酉阳土家苗族自治县)
  • Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County (秀山土家苗族自治县)

The prefecture officially began in November. At this time the area was 16,900 km² with a population of 2,700,000.

Qianjiang County, along with Qianjiang District, was incorporated into Chongqing Municipality in 1997. On March 17, 1997 (implemented on December 20), the prefecture status was changed to a development area (开发区), which governs Shizhu, Xiushan, Qianjiang County, Pengshui and Youyang on behalf of Chongqing. On May 22, 1998 (implemented June 2000), Qianjiang Development Area and Qianjiang Autonomous County were abolished. Qianjiang Autonomous County became Qianjing District (the subject of this article), directly administered by Chongqing. Shizhu, Xiushan, Pengshui and Youyang remain autonomous counties, and are governed by Chonqging directly as well.

Transport

Qianjiang is located on the border between Chongqing Municipality and Hubei and Hunan provinces. The G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway connects Qianjiang with the Chongqing city proper to the west and the city of Huaihua to the southeast. On G65, the drive to Chongqing city proper could take more than four hours. China National Highway 319 also runs through Qianjiang.

Qianjiang is served by the Qianjiang Wulingshan Airport, a regional airport with connections to Chongqing, Beijing, Guangzhou, Chengdu, and Kunming.

Administrative divisions

As of 2001, the district contains 3 sub-districts, 12 townships, 15 towns, and 489 village committees. (See Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Levels)

NameChinese (S)Hanyu PinyinPopulation (2010)[1]Area (km2)
Chengdong Subdistrict城东街道Chéngdōng Jiēdào71,30450
Chengnan Subdistrict城南街道Chéngnán Jiēdào33,84470
Chengxi Subdistrict城西街道Chéngxī Jiēdào38,57989.734
Zhengyang Subdistrict正阳街道Zhèngyáng Jiēdào12,99843.89
Zhoubai Subdistrict舟白街道Zhōubái Jiēdào25,14785.13
Fengjia Subdistrict冯家街道Féngjiā Jiēdào21,81051
Apengjiang town阿蓬江镇Āpéngjiāng Zhèn18,596174
Shihui town石会镇Shíhuì Zhèn15,205128
Heixi town黑溪镇Hēixī Zhèn14,81094
Huangxi town黄溪镇Huángxī Zhèn9,86270
Lishui town黎水镇Líshuǐ Zhèn8,89682
Jinxi town金溪镇Jīnxī Zhèn8,94042
Mala town马喇镇Mǎlǎ Zhèn11,81391
Zhuoshui town濯水镇Zhuóshuǐ Zhèn20,386105
Shijia town石家镇Shíjiā Zhèn9,629104
Echi town鹅池镇Échí Zhèn8,58173.2
Xiaonanhai town小南海镇Xiǎonánhǎi Zhèn6,662115
Lin'e town邻鄂镇Lín'è Zhèn9,94250
Zhongtang Township中塘乡Zhōngtáng Xiāng11,32480.47
Pengdong Township蓬东乡Péngdōng Xiāng6,06634.9
Shaba Township沙坝乡Shābà Xiāng11,41480
Baishi Township白石乡Báishí Xiāng11,70695
Shanling Township杉岭乡Shānlǐng Xiāng6,75354
Taiji Township太极乡Tàijí Xiāng8,24264
Shuitian Township水田乡Shuǐtián Xiāng5,98440
Baitu Township白土乡Báitǔ Xiāng5,18866
Jindong Township金洞乡Jīndòng Xiāng7,07096.33
Wuli Township五里乡Wǔlǐ Xiāng8,01050
Shuishi Township水市乡Shuǐshì Xiāng9,170103
Xinhua Township新华乡Xīnhuá Xiāng7,08176

When still a county (pre-2000), Qianjiang had 5 towns, 45 townships, 8 neighborhood committees, and 517 village committees. Many townships were abolished, the only abolished town was Lianhe (联合), the old county seat now separated into sub-districts.

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References
  1. Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
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