Baoding

Baoding (Chinese: 保定; pinyin: Bǎodìng), formerly known as Baozhou and Qingyuan, is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Beijing. At the 2010 census, Baoding City had 11,194,372 inhabitants out of which 2,176,857 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts and Qingyuan and Mancheng counties largely being conurbated, on 1,840 km2 (710 sq mi).[1] Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million, ranking seventh.[4]

For the county in Hainan whose name is also romanised as Paoting in postal romanization, see Baoting. For other uses, see Baoding (disambiguation).
Baoding

保定市

Paoting
Prefecture-level city
Clockwise from top: Skyline of Baoding, Great Wall on Mount Baishi, Lotus Pool, Zhili Governor's Office, Xiong'an New Area, St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral
Nickname(s): 
Boot-Shaped City (靴城)
Location of Baoding City jurisdiction in Hebei
Baoding
Location of the city centre in Hebei
Baoding
Baoding (North China Plain)
Baoding
Baoding (China)
Coordinates (Baoding municipal government): 38°52′26″N 115°27′50″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHebei
County-level divisions5 districts
4 county-level cities
15 counties
Township-level divisions28 subdistricts
142 towns
170 townships
3 ethnic townships
Settled477
Established1925
Area
 • Prefecture-level city22,190 km2 (8,570 sq mi)
 • Urban344.93 km2 (133.18 sq mi)
 • Districts[2]2,564.8 km2 (990.3 sq mi)
Elevation
25 m (83 ft)
Highest elevation
2,286 m (7,500 ft)
Lowest elevation
7 m (23 ft)
Population
 • Prefecture-level city10,425,379[3]
 • Urban1,653,800
 • Urban density4,800/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
 • Districts[2]
3,068,000
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
071000
Area code(s)0312
ISO 3166 codeCN-HE-06
License plate prefixes冀F
Websitewww.bd.gov.cn
Baoding
Chinese保定
Literal meaning"protect (the capital) and stabilize (the territory)"

History

Baoding is a city with a history dating back to the Western Han Dynasty. It was destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century, but after the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt. It acquired the name "Baoding" during the Yuan dynasty — the name is roughly interpreted as "protecting the capital", referring to the city's proximity to Beijing. Baoding served for many years as the capital of Zhili, and was a significant centre of culture in the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. During the Boxer rebellion, Boxer rebels killed a Turk, two Swiss, and an Italian in Baoding.

In August 1, 1949, the people's Government of Hebei province was established, Baoding was the capital of the province, and the city of Baoding was a provincial municipality. In August 9, the administrative inspector's office of the Baoding district was established, and it was established as the administrative inspector's office of the county district.

In May 1958, the capital of Hebei was moved to Tianjin.

In January 1966, the provincial capital was moved from Tianjin to Baoding.

In February 1968, the provincial capital moved to Shijiazhuang.

In December 1994, the Baoding area merged with Baoding to become a provincial city.

In April 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council announced the decision to transform Baoding's Xiong, Rongcheng, and Anxin counties into Xiong'an New Area, a new development area of national significance, with a focus on innovation, sustainability and quality of life, following the success of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai's Pudong New Area.

Geography

Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on the North China Plain, with the Taihang Mountains to the west. Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province are Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south. Baoding also borders Beijing to the northeast and Shanxi to the west.

Elevations in Baoding's administrative area decrease from northwest to southeast. The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) tall; this area includes parts of Laishui, Yi, Mancheng, Shunping, Tang and Fuping Counties as well as the entirety of Laiyuan County, occupying 30.6% of the prefecture's area.[1] The highest peak is Mount Waitou (歪头山), with an elevation of 2,286 metres (7,500 ft).[1] Moving southeast from this area, one encounters low-lying mountains and hills, taking up 18.9% of the prefecture's area.[1] Further to the east lies generally flat terrain of 30 to 100 metres (98 to 330 ft) elevation. Here the primary rivers are the Juma, Yishui (易水), Cao (漕河), Longquan (龙泉河), Tang (唐河), and Sha Rivers. Baiyangdian Lake, the largest natural lake in northern China, can be found nearby.

Climate

Baoding has a continental, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa),[5] characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn is similar to spring in temperature and lack of rainfall. The annual rainfall, about 60% of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable. In the city itself, this amount has averaged to a meagre 513 millimetres (20.2 in) per annum. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) in January to 26.8 °C (80.2 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 12.9 °C (55.2 °F). There are 2,500 to 2,900 hours of bright sunshine annually, and the frost-free period lasts 165−210 days.

Climate data for Baoding (1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.9
(58.8)		 23.1
(73.6)		 26.7
(80.1)		 33.8
(92.8)		 37.8
(100.0)		 41.6
(106.9)		 41.6
(106.9)		 37.7
(99.9)		 34.3
(93.7)		 31.0
(87.8)		 23.5
(74.3)		 17.1
(62.8)		 41.6
(106.9)
Average high °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5)		 5.8
(42.4)		 12.6
(54.7)		 21.3
(70.3)		 27.0
(80.6)		 31.7
(89.1)		 31.7
(89.1)		 30.1
(86.2)		 26.5
(79.7)		 20.0
(68.0)		 10.8
(51.4)		 4.1
(39.4)		 18.7
(65.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.2
(26.2)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 6.6
(43.9)		 14.9
(58.8)		 20.6
(69.1)		 25.4
(77.7)		 26.8
(80.2)		 25.3
(77.5)		 20.6
(69.1)		 13.6
(56.5)		 5.1
(41.2)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 12.9
(55.2)
Average low °C (°F) −7.7
(18.1)		 −4.7
(23.5)		 1.3
(34.3)		 8.8
(47.8)		 14.5
(58.1)		 19.6
(67.3)		 22.6
(72.7)		 21.4
(70.5)		 15.7
(60.3)		 8.7
(47.7)		 0.8
(33.4)		 −5.2
(22.6)		 8.0
(46.4)
Record low °C (°F) −19.6
(−3.3)		 −15.7
(3.7)		 −14.8
(5.4)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 5.5
(41.9)		 10.7
(51.3)		 13.4
(56.1)		 12.6
(54.7)		 5.7
(42.3)		 −2.3
(27.9)		 −11.6
(11.1)		 −17.9
(−0.2)		 −19.6
(−3.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.0
(0.08)		 4.8
(0.19)		 8.0
(0.31)		 17.1
(0.67)		 32.6
(1.28)		 64.0
(2.52)		 172.2
(6.78)		 133.7
(5.26)		 43.1
(1.70)		 21.4
(0.84)		 10.5
(0.41)		 3.1
(0.12)		 512.5
(20.16)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.6 2.0 3.1 4.2 5.7 7.7 11.7 11.3 6.9 4.9 3.3 1.6 64.0
Source: Weather China

Administrative divisions
Map including Baoding and surrounding region (NIMA, 1998)

Baoding prefecture-level city consists of 5 municipal districts, 4 county-level cities, 15 counties:

Map
Division code[6] English name Simp. Chinese Pinyin Area in km2[7] Seat Postal code Divisions[8]
Subdistricts Towns Townships Ethnic townships Residential communities (居委会) Villages (村委会)
130600Baoding 保定市Bǎodìng Shì22185Jingxiu District0710002814217033896209
130602Jingxiu District 竞秀区Jìngxiù Qū149Xianfeng Subdistrict (先锋街道)071000568079
130603Lianchi District 莲池区Liánchí Qū82Wusi Road Subdistrict (五四路街道)07100010791121
130605Mancheng District 满城区Mǎnchéng Qū658Huiyang Subdistrict (惠阳街道)0721001576204
130606Qingyuan District 清苑区Qīngyuán Qū856Qingyuan (清苑镇)0711008106266
130607Xushui District 徐水区Xúshuǐ Qū723Ansu (安肃镇)0725007715304
130633Yi County 易县Yì Xiàn2535Yizhou (易州镇)07420091817469
130630Laiyuan County 涞源县Láiyuán Xiàn2431Laiyuan (涞源镇)0743007108285
130626Dingxing County 定兴县Dìngxīng Xiàn714Dingxing (定兴镇)0726005118274
130636Shunping County 顺平县Shùnpíng Xiàn712Puyang (蒲阳镇)072200554237
130627Tang County 唐县Táng Xiàn1414Renhou (仁厚镇)0723007138345
130631Wangdu County 望都县Wàngdū Xiàn358Wangdu (望都镇)072400267143
130623Laishui County 涞水县Láishuǐ Xiàn1662Laishui (涞水镇)0741007816284
130628Gaoyang County 高阳县Gāoyáng Xiàn496Gaoyang (高阳镇)0715004511170
130632Anxin County 安新县Ānxīn Xiàn728Anxin (安新镇)071600935207
130638Xiong County 雄县Xióng Xiàn513Xiongzhou (雄州镇)071800637223
130629Rongcheng County 容城县Róngchéng Xiàn311Rongcheng (容城镇)071700534127
130634Quyang County 曲阳县Qūyáng Xiàn1076Hengzhou (恒州镇)0731005136367
130624Fuping County 阜平县Fùpíng Xiàn2494Fuping (阜平镇)073200585209
130637Boye County 博野县Bóyě Xiàn331Boye (博野镇)071300344133
130635Li County 蠡县Lǐ Xiàn653Liwu (蠡吾镇)071400856232
130682Dingzhou City 定州市Dìngzhōu Shì1284Nanchengqu Subdistrict (南城区街道)0730003175131486
130681Zhuozhou City 涿州市Zhuōzhōu Shì751Shuangta Subdistrict (双塔街道)07270036539404
130683Anguo City 安国市Ānguó Shì485Qizhouyaoshi Subdistrict (祁州药市街道)0712001646198
130684Gaobeidian City 高碑店市Gāobēidiàn Shì674Xinghua Road Subdistrict (兴华路街道)07400056419442
  Xiong'an New Area 雄安新区Xióng'ān Xīnqū106.46Rongcheng (容城镇)
Note: Baoding New High Technology Product Development Zone (保定高新技术产业开发区) includes Damafang Township (大马坊乡) of Jingxiu District and Jiantai Township (贤台乡) of Mancheng District; the Baigou New City (白沟新城) includes Baigou Town (白沟镇) of Gaobeidian City.

Demographics
Baoding City Demographics
Division name



Residence population[9] (November 2010) Hukou population[10]
(end of 2010)
Total Ratio (%) Population density (persons/km2)
Baoding City 11,194,379100504.5511610199
Xinshi District 482,7684.312540.88459038
Beishi District 387,3393.465164.52322205
Nanshi District 287,7842.572877.84279725
Mancheng County 387,3073.46615.75411417
Qingyuan County 631,6595.64728.56648645
Laishui County 339,0633.03204.50352993
Fuping County 205,2991.8382.28223846
Xushui County 563,0305.03778.74586104
Dingxing County 517,8734.63725.31585913
Tang County 529,0664.73373.37590575
Gaoyang County 345,1603.08695.89340163
Rongcheng County 258,1792.31822.23265389
Laiyuan County 260,6782.33106.49283537
Wangdu County 250,0142.23781.29265525
Anxin County 437,3783.91604.11440817
Yi County 537,5644.80212.14570806
Quyang County 588,5595.26542.95610065
Li County 505,5744.52775.42532322
Shunping County 295,7642.64417.75317484
Boye County 245,5042.19741.70268941
Xiong County 359,5063.21686.08375470
Zhuozhou City 603,5355.39813.39645542
Dingzhou City 1,165,18210.41914.591214852
Anguo City 370,3143.31761.96409834
Gaobeidian City 640,2805.72938.83608991
Note: The 58,709 people residing in Baoding High Technology Product Development Zone and the 124,274 in the Baigou New City are not listed separately.

According to the 2010 Census, the residence population stood at 11,194,379, an increase of 605,100 (5.71%) from 2000. The male-female ratio was 101.94:100. Children aged up to 14 numbered 1,915,800 (17.11% of the population), citizens 15 to 64 numbered 8,370,600 (74.78%), and 65+ numbered 908,000 (8.11%). The urban area of Baoding has a population of around 1,006,000 (2009). The overwhelming majority of the population is Han Chinese. The language of Baoding is Mandarin Chinese — specifically, the Baoding dialect of Ji-Lu Mandarin. Despite Baoding's proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to the Beijing dialect — rather, it is more closely related to Tianjin dialect.

Economy

Baoding is located in the centre of the Bohai Rim economic area which includes Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang. One of the largest employers in Baoding is China Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China.[11] And, Yingli group, 2010 World Cup sponsor, has its headquarters in Baoding, who is the Global Top 10 solar panel manufacturer. More renowned companies include ZhongHang HuiTeng Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd (Wind Turbine), Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd (Transformer) and Great Wall Motor.

In April 2017, an area in Baoding was designated as a Xiong'an New Area, a development zone of initially 100 km2 and up to 2000 km2, the site of what will eventually be a new city and the hub of the Beijing-Tinajin-Hebei development area.

  • Baoding High-tech Industrial Development Zone[12]

Great Wall Motors Company Limited .is a Chinese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Baoding, Hebei, China. The company is named after the Great Wall of China and was formed in 1984. It is China's largest sport utility vehicle (SUV) and pick-up truck producer. It sells passenger cars and trucks under the Great Wall brand and SUVs under the Haval and WEY brands.

In 2016, Great Wall Motors set a historical sales record of 1,074,471 cars worldwide, increased by 26% compared to 2015.

Renewable energy

Baoding city has one of China's biggest plants which manufacture blades used in wind turbine generators, catering mainly to the domestic market. Tianwei Wind Power Technology is one of the three main plants in Baoding that produces wind turbine generators. It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008, and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010. Nevertheless, Baoding is currently listed as the most polluted city in China.[13]

Transport
Bus line 1

Baoding has good connections to other cities, being located on one of the main routes in and out of Beijing. The Jingshi Expressway connects the two cities, and Baoding is also the western terminus of the Baojin Expressway linking Baoding with Tianjin, which is one out of two nearest ports (Huanghua is the other one). The Jingguang Railway provides frequent services to Beijing West railway station. On 30 December 2012, a new Baoding station was opened, while the old train station was closed for passengers.[14] Baoding East railway station lies 9.5 km (5.9 mi)to the east on the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway.

Military

Baoding is headquarters of the 38th Mechanized Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Beijing Military Region responsible for defending the PRC capital.

Culture
A courtyard in the mansion of the governor of Zhili
Another street of Baoding

Perhaps the best-known item to supposedly originate in Baoding are Baoding Balls, which can be used to relax one's keyboard hand and strengthen one's wrist. The most famous local specialty food is the Donkey Burger (Chinese: 驴肉火烧).

Anxin County is home to the Quantou Village Music Association (圈头村音乐会), a well known traditional music group performing on guan (oboes), sheng (mouth organs), and percussion. The village of Quantou is located on an island in Lake Baiyangdian.

The city's streets follow a rough grid pattern, although this is less obvious in the older part of the city. The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city's centre to its eastern edge — most of Baoding's historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres. Other major streets include Dongfeng Road and Chaoyang Avenue. There is a ring road around the city.

Baoding is home to Hebei University, North China Electric Power University with other 3 universities and 12 colleges.

Historic sites
rBaoding's ancient lotus gardens

Baoding contains a number of notable historic sites. In the city proper, there can be found a historic provincial governor's mansion and an ancient lotus garden. In the hills to the northwest of the city, near the suburb of Mancheng, there are the Mancheng Han Tombs, where Prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan were buried.

The greater Baoding administrative area has 16 designated state-level cultural relics:

  1. Yan State Capital Relics (475BC-221BC, Yixian County)
  2. Great Wall at Zijinguan Pass (1368–1644, Yixian County and Laiyuan County)
  3. Stele of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching (618-907, Yixian County)
  4. Western Qing Tombs (1730–1915, Yixian County)
  5. Geyuan Temple (916-1125, Laiyuan County)
  6. Ciyun Pavilion (1306, Dingxing County)
  7. Yicihui Stone Pillar (550-577, Dingxing County)
  8. Kaiyuan Temple (960-1127, Dingzhou County)
  9. Kaishan Temple (618-907, Gaobeidian County)
  10. Dingzhou Porcelain Kiln Relic (960-1127, Quyang County)
  11. Beiyue Temple (386-543, Quyang County)
  12. Jin-cha-ji Border Region Headquarters Ruins (1938, Fuping County)
  13. Ranzhuang Underground Tunnel (1937–1945, Qingyuan County)
  14. Mancheng Han Tombs (154BC-113BC, Mancheng County)
  15. Zhili Provincial Governor Office (1730–1911, Baoding)
  16. Historical Site of the Baoding Military Academy (1902–1923)

Notable people

Sister city
  • Images from Baoding
  • Temple in the centre of old Baoding
  • Dongfeng Road, Baoding
  • Part of Yuhua Road, the main street of old Baoding
  • Arch on Yuhua Road, old Baoding
  • An intersection in Yuhua Road's shopping district
  • The Wanbo Tower in a sunny afternoon, Baoding CBD
  • A civic monument
  • A public park
  • A public park
  • Baoding Cathedral
  • Baoding Railway Station
  • Baoding East Railway Station for High-Speed Rail Trains
  • Baoding city buses before 2007
  • Baoding in the evening
  • Old Baoding railway station
  • Old Baoding railway station
  • Baoding Old Quarter
  • Skylines in Baoding CBD
  • Closer look at the Wanbo Tower in a sunny day
  • Closer look at the Maoye Tower in a sunny day, Baoding CBD
  • The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
  • The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
  • The Wanbo Plaza at night, Baoding CBD
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gollark: Hold on, I'll go recompile a build.
gollark: oh dear, troubling.
gollark: Wait, you've actually interacted with actual people there?
gollark: https://pastebin.com/7HSiHybr

See also

References
  1. 概况 (in Chinese). Baoding People's Government. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  2. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  3. "China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
  4. 最新中国城市人口数量排名（根据2010年第六次人口普查）. www.elivecity.cn. 2012. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
  5. Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633-1644. ISSN 1027-5606.
  6. "Archived copy" 国家统计局统计用区划代码 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-04-07. Retrieved 2013-01-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. 《保定经济统计年鉴2011》
  8. 《中国民政统计年鉴2012》
  9. 《保定市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报》
  10. 《中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料2010》
  11. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2008-12-14.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. "欢迎进入保定国家高新技术产业开发区！". web.archive.org. May 1, 2009.
  13. "China names 10 most polluted cities". Retrieved 2016-10-08.
  14. "Baoding new railway station". Retrieved 2013-01-03.
  15. "Wei Jianjun". Forbes. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  16. "Interactive City Directory". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2014.

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