Xinxiang

Xinxiang (simplified Chinese: 新乡; traditional Chinese: 新鄉; pinyin: Xīnxiāng [ɕín.ɕjáŋ]; postal: Sinsiang) is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, China.

For other uses, see Xinxiang County.
Xinxiang

新乡市

Sinsiang
Prefecture-level city
Xinxiang's location in Henan province
Xinxiang
Location on the North China Plain
Xinxiang
Xinxiang (China)
Coordinates (Xinxiang municipal government): 35°18′13″N 113°55′36″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHenan
Municipal seatHongqi District
Government
 • Party ChiefWang Dengxi (王登喜)
 • MayorZhang Guowei (张国伟)
Area
 • Prefecture-level city8,249 km2 (3,185 sq mi)
 • Urban
431 km2 (166 sq mi)
 • Metro
3,390 km2 (1,310 sq mi)
Population
 (2010 census)
 • Prefecture-level city5,708,191
 • Density690/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,047,088
 • Urban density2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,596,745
 • Metro density770/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Area code(s)0373
ISO 3166 codeCN-HA-07
GDP¥238.48 billion (2017)
Major NationalitiesHan
County-level divisions12
License plate prefixes豫G
Websitewww.xinxiang.gov.cn

It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to its southwest, Kaifeng to its southeast, Hebi and Anyang to its north, Jiaozuo to its west, and the provinces of Shanxi and Shandong to its northwest and east respectively.

Its population was 5,707,801 as of 2010 census of whom 2,596,759 are in the built-up area made of 4 urban districts (Weibin, Hongqi and Muye).[1] and, as the city is expanding very quickly, Fengquan district, Xinxiang county and Huixian City are now being urbanized.

History

Xinxiang was site of the Battle of Muye where the Shang Dynasty was overthrown by the Zhou. Xinxiang dates from the Sui dynasty (581-618) and was a small market center before being developed as an industrial center in the 1950s. It also served as the capital of the short-lived Pingyuan Province, which covered neighbouring cities Anyang, Hebi, Puyang, Jiaozhuo and Heze, between 1949 and 1952, for the purpose of exterminating Nationalist guerillas.

Religion

The Roman Catholic minority (no statistics available) is served by its own Apostolic Prefecture of Xinxiang (新鄉) / Sinsiang / Sinsiangen(sis) (Latin), which was established on July 7, 1936 (1936.07.07) on missionary territory split off from the then Apostolic Vicariate of Weihuifu (衛輝府) (now Diocese of Jixian). It is a pre-diocesan jurisdiction, which is exempt (i.e., directly subject to the Holy See and its missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples), not part of any ecclesiastical province.

It has had the following incumbent Apostolic Prefects of Xinxiang 新鄉 (Roman Rite) :

  • Father Thomas Megan (米干), Divine Word Missionaries S.V.D.) (born USA) (1936.07.07 – retired 1948), died 1951
  • Fr. Johannes Schütte (舒德), S.V.D. (born Germany) (1948 – death 1971.11.18), also Superior General of Society of the Divine Word (Divine Word Missionaries) (1958.03.28 – 1967.12.15) and Vice-Secretary of Pontifical Commission of Justice and Peace (1968 – 1971.11.18)
  • Joseph Zhang Wei-zhu (張維柱) (first Chinese and secular priest) (1992, with clandestine episcopal consecration – ...).

Military

Xinxiang is the headquarters of the 83rd Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Jinan Military Region responsible for defence of the Yellow River Plain.

Administration
Map including Xinxiang (labeled 新鄉 HSIN-HSIANG (SINSIANG)) (AMS, 1955)

The prefecture-level city administers 4 districts, 3 county-level cities and 5 counties.

Map

Geography
Climate data for Xinxiang (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5)		 9.0
(48.2)		 14.5
(58.1)		 21.8
(71.2)		 27.0
(80.6)		 31.5
(88.7)		 31.6
(88.9)		 30.4
(86.7)		 26.7
(80.1)		 21.4
(70.5)		 13.7
(56.7)		 7.3
(45.1)		 20.0
(68.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0)		 3.4
(38.1)		 8.8
(47.8)		 15.9
(60.6)		 21.2
(70.2)		 25.8
(78.4)		 27.1
(80.8)		 25.9
(78.6)		 21.3
(70.3)		 15.3
(59.5)		 7.8
(46.0)		 1.9
(35.4)		 14.5
(58.1)
Average low °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 3.6
(38.5)		 10.2
(50.4)		 15.7
(60.3)		 20.3
(68.5)		 23.1
(73.6)		 22.1
(71.8)		 16.9
(62.4)		 10.4
(50.7)		 3.1
(37.6)		 −2.3
(27.9)		 9.8
(49.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 4.7
(0.19)		 7.1
(0.28)		 18.6
(0.73)		 25.3
(1.00)		 49.3
(1.94)		 64.0
(2.52)		 150.9
(5.94)		 122.4
(4.82)		 58.7
(2.31)		 31.8
(1.25)		 15.9
(0.63)		 5.2
(0.20)		 553.9
(21.81)
Average relative humidity (%) 61 59 59 61 64 64 78 80 76 71 68 63 67
Source: China Meteorological Administration[2]

Economy

There are several important enterprises located in Xinxiang, such as Frestech Refrigerator, Golden Dragon Copper Group, Bailu Chemical Fibre, Henan Kelong Group, AVIC XINHANG Industry Corporation.

Agriculture and industry

Textiles and processed food are major manufactures. It has a large number of heavy industry in machine making. As an old textiles basement, the cotton industry is very developed in Xinxiang.

Air & soil pollution

According to a report by Greenpeace in 2015, Henan (the province that Xinxiang is in) has the most severe air pollution of all the provinces in China, with an average PM2.5 concentration of 103.3 μg/m3 (micrograms per cubic meter). Ranking second and third respectively are the provinces of Hubei and Hebei, with PM2.5 concentrations of 99.2 μg/m3 and 98.4 μg/m3.[3]

Xinxiang is the 13th most polluted city air-wise in China, with a PM2.5 concentration of 114.6 μg/m3 (over 11 times the safe limit established by the WHO) during the first quarter of 2015. Other cities in Henan that ranked within the top 30 most polluted cities in China during the first quarter of 2015 include Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Anyang, Pingdingshan, Zhoukou, Xuchang, Puyang, and Luoyang; all of these have PM2.5 concentrations above 100 μg/m3.[3] Farmland governed by the municipality was also noted for heavy metal contamination by leading China news site Caixin, as the epicenter of Chinese battery (nickel cadmium) producers. See also Toxic heavy metal.

Transport

The city is a rail junction and industrial centre at the head of navigation on the Wei River (卫河). The river, made navigable for small vessels by river improvements in the 1950s, links the city with Tianjin, the main port for Beijing. Later, due to heavy industrial chemical pollution, the river course had been totally cut off and got filled up. After recent dredges, it is still no more than a man-made lake.

Rail

Xinxiang is located at the junction of the Beijing-Guangzhou, Xinxiang-Yueshan and the Xinxiang-Yanzhou Railways.

Xinxiang has two railway stations. One is Xinxiang Railway Station,the other is Xinxiangdong Railway Station.

Education

There are several universities and colleges located in the prefecture level city.

Sister city
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See also

References
  1. "www.geohive.com geregistreerd via Argeweb - webhosting en domeinregistratie". www.geohive.com. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  2. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  3. "Greenpeace ranks 360 Chinese cities by PM2.5 Air Pollution". Greenpeace. 2015-03-24.
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