Fuling District

Fuling (simplified Chinese: 涪陵区; traditional Chinese: 涪陵區; pinyin: Fúlíng Qū) is a district in the geographical center of Chongqing Municipality, China.

Fuling

涪陵区

Fowling
District
Fuling District in Chongqing
Coordinates (Fuling District government): 29°42′12″N 107°23′23″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
MunicipalityChongqing
Area
 • Total2,946 km2 (1,137 sq mi)
Elevation
287 m (942 ft)
Population
 (2015)
1,161,800
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Fuling
Chinese涪陵
PostalFowling
Literal meaning"Fu (River) mausoleum"

Fuling's zha cai, a hot pickled mustard tuber, is its signature product.[1]

In the West, Fuling is best known for having been the location of former U.S. Peace Corps teacher Peter Hessler's best-selling memoir River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze.

  • Area: 2,941.47 km2 (1,135.71 sq mi)
  • Population: 1,066,700 (2010)
  • Geographic coordinates: 106°56′ – 107°43′ East, 29°21′ – 30°01′ North

History
Silver-inlaid Copper Pot, Warring States period, unearthed at Xiaotianxi, Fuling

In the middle and late part of Spring and Autumn period, it was in the southern territory of the State of Ba. In the middle Warring States period, it was part of the State of Chu. It was called the County of Zhi (枳县) in 277 by the State of Qin. In 347 (during the Eastern Jin Dynasty), it became the Commandery of Fu (涪郡), also known as Commandery of Zicheng (梓城郡). It became County of Fuling (涪陵县) in the Sui Dynasty. It was Fu Prefecture (涪州) in 618 (during the Tang Dynasty). From the Yuan to the Qing Dynasty, Fu Department was part of Chongqing Prefecture (府). In the early years of the Republic of China, Fuling County was a part of Dongchuan Circuit (东川) until 1928 it became part of Sichuan province.

In January 1950, Fuling Zhuanqu of Chuandong include the seven counties of:

In September 1952, Youyang Zhuanqu was abolished, and its counties of Qianjiang, Youyang, and Xiushan were incorporated into Fuling Zhuanqu. The following year, Dianjiang County was also assigned to Fuling. Fuling's Changshou became under Chongqing City in 1958. The zhuanqu was made a prefecture in 1968.

Fuling County was upgraded to a county-level city in 1983. The prefecture became a Three Gorges provincial planning region (三峡省筹备区域) the following year. In 1988, the counties of Qianjiang, Youyang, Shizhu, Xiushan, and Pengshui were separated into new prefecture of their own (Qianjiang Prefecture).

On November 5, 1995, Fuling Prefecture and the original county-level city were abolished. In the replace of the prefecture was the prefectural Fuling City, administer the three counties of Dianjiang, Wulong, and Fengdu, and Nanchuan City. It also includes the newly established districts of Zhicheng and Lidu (枳城 and 李渡).

The city has been administered by Chongqing since September 1996 on behalf of the province, and became part of Chongqing Municipality the following year. In June 1998, Fuling city and its two districts were abolished. The districts became Fuling District. The remaining subdivisions of the Fuling City remained, but were directly governed by Chongqing.

Climate

Fuling District has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with four distinct seasons and ample rainfall: winters are short, mild, and comparatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and humid. Monthly daily average temperatures range from 7.4 °C (45.3 °F) in January to 28.4 °C (83.1 °F) in August, while the annual mean is 18.04 °C (64.5 °F). The diurnal temperature variation is 6.52 °C (11.7 °F) and is especially small during winter. Around 87% of the annual precipitation falls from April to October.

Climate data for Fuling District (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4)		 23.9
(75.0)		 32.5
(90.5)		 35.5
(95.9)		 37.9
(100.2)		 39.2
(102.6)		 40.5
(104.9)		 42.2
(108.0)		 41.8
(107.2)		 35.5
(95.9)		 28.9
(84.0)		 18.4
(65.1)		 42.2
(108.0)
Average high °C (°F) 9.7
(49.5)		 12.1
(53.8)		 16.9
(62.4)		 22.5
(72.5)		 26.6
(79.9)		 29.2
(84.6)		 33.0
(91.4)		 33.9
(93.0)		 28.0
(82.4)		 22.0
(71.6)		 16.6
(61.9)		 11.2
(52.2)		 21.8
(71.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.4
(45.3)		 9.2
(48.6)		 13.3
(55.9)		 18.1
(64.6)		 22.0
(71.6)		 24.9
(76.8)		 28.1
(82.6)		 28.4
(83.1)		 23.8
(74.8)		 18.5
(65.3)		 13.8
(56.8)		 9.0
(48.2)		 18.0
(64.5)
Average low °C (°F) 5.7
(42.3)		 7.1
(44.8)		 10.5
(50.9)		 14.9
(58.8)		 18.7
(65.7)		 21.6
(70.9)		 24.3
(75.7)		 24.4
(75.9)		 20.8
(69.4)		 16.2
(61.2)		 11.8
(53.2)		 7.5
(45.5)		 15.3
(59.5)
Record low °C (°F) −1.5
(29.3)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 1.3
(34.3)		 4.2
(39.6)		 11.5
(52.7)		 15.8
(60.4)		 19.4
(66.9)		 18.7
(65.7)		 14.9
(58.8)		 7.4
(45.3)		 3.0
(37.4)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 −2.2
(28.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17.0
(0.67)		 16.9
(0.67)		 41.5
(1.63)		 116.7
(4.59)		 176.2
(6.94)		 188.3
(7.41)		 153.0
(6.02)		 118.4
(4.66)		 114.2
(4.50)		 111.7
(4.40)		 53.8
(2.12)		 22.9
(0.90)		 1,130.6
(44.51)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 8.9 9.0 11.7 15.7 16.1 16.0 13.1 10.9 13.3 15.4 11.9 9.4 151.4
Source: Weather China[2]

Demographics

According to Peter Hessler, as of 1998, most residents of Fuling are genetically incapable of being alcoholics. When imbibing large amounts of alcohol many people became so sick and they could not drink heavily all the time. Therefore, according to Hessler, consumption of alcohol was not habitual but instead was a ritual, and therefore drinking patterns were "abusive with light consequences."[3]

Administrative divisions

There are eight sub-districts, 18 towns, and 14 townships. They in turn contain 719 administrative villages and 80 neighborhood committees (see administrative levels in China).

NameChinese (S)Hanyu PinyinPopulation (2010)[4]Area (km2)
Dunren Subdistrict敦仁街道Dūnrén Jiēdào105,2963.8
Chongyi Subdistrict崇义街道Chóngyì Jiēdào75,74611.24
Lizhi Subdistrict荔枝街道Lìzhī Jiēdào156,753126
Jiangbei Subdistrict江北街道Jiāngběi Jiēdào36,53878.09
Jiangdong Subdistrict江东街道Jiāngdōng Jiēdào51,07891.6
Lidu Subdistrict李渡街道Lǐdù Jiēdào88,12491.1
Longqiao Subdistrict龙桥街道Lóngqiáo Jiēdào34,54163.2
Baitao Subdistrict白涛街道Báitāo Jiēdào46,160121.5
Nantuo town南沱镇Nántuó Zhèn26,44767.14
Qingyang town青羊镇Qīngyáng Zhèn16,197107.4
Baisheng town百胜镇Bǎishèng Zhèn41,114114
Zhenxi town珍溪镇Zhēnxī Zhèn50,01756.3
Qingxi town清溪镇Qīngxī Zhèn29,28583.5
Jiaoshi town焦石镇Jiāoshí Zhèn23,45478.2
Mawu town马武镇Mǎwǔ Zhèn32,36055.5
Longtan town龙潭镇Lóngtán Zhèn36,51180.6
Linshi town蔺市镇Lìnshì Zhèn41,73082.3
Xinmiao town新妙镇Xīnmiào Zhèn34,29981.7
Shituo town石沱镇Shítuó Zhèn26,14454
Yihe town义和镇Yìhé Zhèn37,39070.4
Luoyun Township罗云乡Luōyún Xiāng14,94056.5
Damu Township大木乡Dàmù Xiāng3,20096.3
Wulingshan Township武陵山乡Wǔlíngshān Xiāng6,360103.3
Dashun Township大顺乡Dàshùn Xiāng18,844
Zengfu Township增福乡Zēngfú Xiāng15,52770.4
Tongle Township同乐乡Tónglè Xiāng18,65965.73

Transportation

Historically, Fuling was primarily served by Yangtze river boats, as the development of ground transportation was slow, due to the difficult terrain.

Railways arrived to the Fuling area only in the 21st century. First was the Chongqing–Huaihua Railway, completed in 2005. Its Fuling Railway Station is located a few kilometers west of town (29°42′10″N 107°19′45″E).

The high-speed Chongqing−Lichuan Railway, opened on December 28, 2013, serves Fuling as well, with its Fuling North Railway Station. This railway crosses the Yangtze near the city over the Hanjiatuo Bridge. The railway's Caijiagou Bridge (蔡家沟特大桥; 29°46′17″N 107°22′07″E), located in Fuling District, is said to be the world's tallest railway bridge, as measured by the height of the bridge's tallest pillar (139 m).[5] The Nanchuan–Fuling Railway, completed in 2012, forms part of Chongqing's outer railway ring.

As of 2015, Fuling had five Yangtze River bridges.

Education
Yangtze Normal University

Yangtze Normal University (formerly Fuling Teachers College) is in Fuling. The university hosted Peace Corps volunteers from 1996 until 2020, when the last volunteers were evacuated from the Peace Corps China program in the wake of Covid-19.

Culture

The White Crane Ridge (Baiheliang), a rock outcrop on the Yangtze River, has been used as a hydrological station recording water levels since the Tang Dynasty. It includes many rock carvings. With the flooding of the Yangtze as part of the Three Gorges Dam project, the White Crane Ridge Underwater Museum was opened in 2009 to protect the carvings and allow viewing by visitors under the new water level of the river.[6]

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gollark: Good, good.
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See also

Notes
  1. United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Daily Report: People's Republic of China, Issues 224–231. National Technical Information Service, 1990. p. 31. "Fuling is famous for its hot pickled mustard tubers and Comrade Qiao Shi showed a keen interest in the production and processing of these tubers. Early the next morning, he went to Fuling's Zhaxi Hot Pickled Mustard Tuber Factory by car.[...]"
  2. Weather China
  3. Hessler, p. 80.
  4. Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
  5. 渝利铁路139米世界最高 成都到上海时间缩短. QQ.com (in Chinese). 2012-08-26.
  6. Hessler, Peter (March 2013). "Fuling, China: Return to River Town". National Geographic. Retrieved 24 September 2014.

Bibliography
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