Jiaxing

Jiaxing (Chinese: 嘉兴; pinyin: Jiāxīng; Wade–Giles: Chia-hsing), alternately romanized as Kashing, is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province, China. Lying on the Grand Canal of China, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou to the southwest, Huzhou to the west, Shanghai to the northeast, and the province of Jiangsu to the north. At the 2010 census, its population was 4,501,657 and its built-up area made of 2 urban districts was home to 1,201,882 inhabitants.[1]

"Kashing" redirects here. For the Hong Kong entrepreneur, see Li Ka-shing.
Jiaxing

嘉兴市

Kashing
Prefecture-level city
Location of Jiaxing City jurisdiction in Zhejiang
Jiaxing
Location in eastern China
Jiaxing
Jiaxing (China)
Coordinates (Jiaxing municipal government): 30°44′49″N 120°45′22″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceZhejiang
County-level divisions7
Township-level divisions75
Municipal seatNanhu District
Government
 • CPC SecretaryZhang Bing
 • MayorMao Hongfang
Area
 • Prefecture-level city4,008.76 km2 (1,547.79 sq mi)
 • Urban
986.9 km2 (381.0 sq mi)
 • Metro
986.9 km2 (381.0 sq mi)
Population
 (2010 census)
 • Prefecture-level city4,501,657
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,201,882
 • Metro
1,201,882
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Area code(s)573
ISO 3166 codeCN-ZJ-04
GDP¥487 billion
GDP per capita¥74,478
License Plate Prefix浙F
Websitewww.jiaxing.gov.cn
Jiaxing
"Jiaxing", as written in Chinese
Simplified Chinese嘉兴
Traditional Chinese嘉興
WuGāshīng [kɑɕiŋ]
PostalKashing

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Jiaxing administers 7 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 3 county-level cities and 2 counties.

Map
Subdivision Hanzi Pinyin
Nanhu District 南湖区 Nánhú Qū
Xiuzhou District 秀洲区 Xiùzhōu Qū
Jiashan County 嘉善县 Jiāshàn Xiàn
Haiyan County 海盐县 Hǎiyán Xiàn
Haining 海宁市 Hǎiníng Shì
Pinghu 平湖市 Pínghú Shì
Tongxiang 桐乡市 Tóngxiāng Shì

These are further divided into 75 township-level divisions, including 60 towns, 2 townships and 13 subdistricts.

History
The map of "Kia-hing-fou" and "Hou-tcheou-fou" in Du Halde's 1736 Description of China, based on accounts from Jesuit missionaries.

Known as a place

Known as a county
  • 210 BC: Qin Shi Huang changed the name of Jiaxing from Changshui District (長水縣) to Youquan (由拳縣).
  • 231: Wild rice (野稻) of Jiaxing informed Sun Quan of the Kingdom of Wu that there was a sign of auspice, so Sun changed Youchuan to Hexing District (禾興縣). This why Jiaxing's abbreviation is He. Sun also changed his era name to Jiahe (嘉禾) in the following year.
  • January 242: Sun He was made the crown prince. Because of the naming taboo, Jiahe was changed to Jiaxing.

Known as a prefecture
  • 938: (Later Jin of the Five Dynasties): Xiu Prefecture (秀州) established
  • 1117: (Song Dynasty): Jiahe District (嘉禾郡)
  • 1429: (Ming Dynasty): Xiushui District (秀水縣) was established northwest of Jiaxing.
  • Early 1900s (the Republic of China): Xiushui and Jiaxing were combined into Jiahe County
  • 1914: Reverted to Jiaxing County (because there's a Jiahe in Hunan)
  • 1921: Communist Party of China founded at the South Lake in Jiaxing.
  • 1926: Following the defection of Zhejiang civil governor Xia Chao to the Kuomintang during the Northern Expedition, the army of warlord Sun Chuanfang completely defeats Xia's largely untrained army at Jiaxing. Xia is captured and executed shortly thereafter.[2][3]
  • 1949 − 1958, 1979 (PRC): Upgraded to a city
  • 1981: Old Jiaxing County merged into the city
  • 1983: Upgraded to prefecture-level city

Geography
Climate data for Jiaxing (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 8.0
(46.4)		 9.9
(49.8)		 14.0
(57.2)		 20.0
(68.0)		 25.3
(77.5)		 28.1
(82.6)		 32.5
(90.5)		 31.7
(89.1)		 27.6
(81.7)		 22.8
(73.0)		 17.1
(62.8)		 10.9
(51.6)		 20.7
(69.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4)		 5.9
(42.6)		 9.6
(49.3)		 15.2
(59.4)		 20.6
(69.1)		 24.3
(75.7)		 28.4
(83.1)		 27.9
(82.2)		 23.8
(74.8)		 18.4
(65.1)		 12.4
(54.3)		 6.4
(43.5)		 16.4
(61.5)
Average low °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8)		 2.7
(36.9)		 6.2
(43.2)		 11.4
(52.5)		 16.8
(62.2)		 21.2
(70.2)		 25.1
(77.2)		 24.9
(76.8)		 20.6
(69.1)		 14.7
(58.5)		 8.6
(47.5)		 2.8
(37.0)		 13.0
(55.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 67.9
(2.67)		 69.3
(2.73)		 113.2
(4.46)		 99.4
(3.91)		 100.5
(3.96)		 179.1
(7.05)		 149.7
(5.89)		 146.4
(5.76)		 109.8
(4.32)		 58.1
(2.29)		 56.5
(2.22)		 43.4
(1.71)		 1,193.3
(46.97)
Average relative humidity (%) 79 79 79 78 78 83 82 84 84 81 80 77 80
Source: China Meteorological Administration[4]

Economy

Industry is the main economic driver to the city's economy, contributing 47% to its GDP in 2015. Jiaxing is also well known as the 'hometown of silk', hence it is a famous producer of textiles and woolens. It is one of the world's largest exporters of leather goods. There are mechanical, chemical and electronic industries there.

Jiaxing is an important energy base in East China. Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, the first self-designed nuclear power station in China, and Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Plant (under construction) are located in Haiyan County.

Jiaxing Export Processing Zone

Established in 2003, Jiaxing Export Processing Zone is a state-level export processing zone approved by State Council. It has a built-up area of 2.98 km2. Its development goal is to become the export processing base for IT, IC, mechanical and electrical, electronics and other high-tech industries.[5]

Tourism
  • South Lake, where the Communist Party of China was officially founded.
  • Wuzhen
  • Xitang

Transportation

The city is served by two railway stations: Jiaxing railway station, on the Shanghai–Kunming railway, and Jiaxing South railway station on the high speed Shanghai–Hangzhou Passenger Railway. The city is served by two long-distance bus stations: Jiaxing North Bus Station and the new Jiaxing Transportation Center. Jiaxing is on the G92 Hangzhou Bay Ring Expressway, G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway and China National Highway 320.

Jiaxing Air Base is being converted to a public-use airport.[6]

Language

Jiaxing dialect is a Northern Wu dialect in the Sujiahu dialect grouping. As such, it is a sister dialect of both Shanghainese and Suzhou dialect, and easily intelligible with both. It is not mutually intelligible with Mandarin or other varieties of Chinese such as Cantonese, Hokkien or Hakka.

Religion

Local people believe in Buddhism, Taoism, Catholicism and Protestantism. Jiaxing Catholic Church and Jiaxing Vincent Abbey are well-known Roman Catholic Churches in Jiaxing.

Notable people
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See also

References
  1. "China: Administrative Division of Zhejiang (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts".
  2. Jordan (1976), p. 91.
  3. Smith (2000), p. 149.
  4. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  5. "Welcome RightSite Visitors". 5 June 2016.
  6. Li Zhongyang (利众羊). 嘉兴要建民营飞机场 (in Chinese). 0573ren.com. Retrieved 7 May 2012.

Bibliography
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