Wuzhong, Ningxia

Wuzhong (simplified Chinese: 吴忠; traditional Chinese: 吳忠) is a prefecture-level city in the Ningxia autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It was known as Yinnan Prefecture (银南地区; 銀南地區; Yínnán Dìqū) before it was upgraded to a prefecture-level city in 1998. In 2010, Wuzhong had a population of 1.3 million. Wuzhong is located in Northwest of China, with the Yellow River flowing through the center of the city.

Wuzhong

吴忠市 · ءُﺟْﻮ شِ‎

Wuchung
Prefecture-level city
Wuzhong City
Location of Wuzhong City jurisdiction in Ningxia
Wuzhong
Location of the city centre in Ningxia
Coordinates (Wuzhong municipal government): 37°59′52″N 106°11′55″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
Autonomous regionNingxia
Municipal seatLitong District
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 codeCN-NX-03

Administrative divisions
Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Xiao'erjing Population(2010) Area (km2) Density (/km2)
Litong District 利通区 Lìtōng Qū لِتْﻮ ﺛُﻮْ‎ 379,346 1,415 268.0
Hongsibu District 红寺堡区 Hóngsìbù Qū ﺡْﻮسِبُﻮْ ﺛُﻮْ‎ 165,016 3,523 46.8
Qingtongxia City 青铜峡市 Qīngtóngxiá Shì شِتْﻮﺷﯿَا شِ‎ 264,717 2,337 113.3
Yanchi County 盐池县 Yánchí Xiàn ﯾًﺎچِ ﺷِﯿًﺎ‎ 146,560 8,558 17.1
Tongxin County 同心县 Tóngxīn Xiàn ﺗْﻮسٍ ﺷِﯿًﺎ‎ 318,153 8,184 38.9

Transportation
  • China National Highway 211
  • Taiyuan-Zhongwei Railway (Limited service in Hongsibu District and Yanchi county)
  • Baotou-Lanzhou Railway (Over 20 daily trains bounding for nationwide destinations, station in Qingtongxia City)
  • Dingbian-Yinchuan Railway (7 daily trains, station in Yanchi County)

History

During the early and mid-19th century, the territory of today's Wuzhong—as well as much of northern Ningxia—became a stronghold of the Jahriyya Sufi order (menhuan), which was headquartered in the town of Jinjipu (a few km south of today's Wuzhong's main urban area). Under the leadership of the order's fourth and fifth shaykhs, Ma Yide (the 1770s-1849) and Ma Hualong (d. 1871), it grew wealthy from the profits of caravan trade across Inner Mongolia, between Baotou, Huhhot and Beijing. Jinjipu became an important commercial and religious center.

Religion
The entrance and minaret of the old Weizhou Grand Mosque during the 1930s

The region features many mosques with unique architecture and different styles everywhere. Wuzhong is one of the main settlements of Hui people in Ningxia. Currently, there are 580,000 Hui people in the city, accounting for 47.2% of the total population of the city. Mosques are the main places for Hui people to worship and public activities, and play an important role for the Muslim population.

Weizhou Grand Mosque was constructed during the Ming dynasty in a traditional Chinese palatial style. It was named by the American Episcopal missionary Charles L. Pickens, Jr., who traveled western China in the 1920-1930s and documented many places and people, as "one of the most beautiful in all China."[1] It was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s.[2][3][4]

During the Muslim Rebellion of 1862-1877, Jinjipu became the headquarters of the rebels in the Ningxia region. The town fell to Zuo Zongtang's troops in January 1871, and over a thousand rebels and residents were massacred; Ma Hualong with his family and Jahriyya officials were executed in March 1871.[5]

Founded in 1929 Ningxia Province; After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Hedong Hui Autonomous Region was established in April 1954. In 1955 changed to Hui Hui Autonomous, has 5 counties: hui county, gold product county, LingWu County, ZHUANSHU, Tongxin; In 1958, it was withdrawn from the state and transferred to Ningxia Hui autonomous region; In 1972, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous RegionYinnan region special office was established. In May 1998, Yinnan districtspecial office was removed as the prefectural Wuzhong city, Lingwu city was once under the administration of Wuzhong city. In December 2001, Lingwu city was officially designated as Yinchuan city.

Geography

Location: Wuzhong city is located in the middle of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, south of Zhongwei, north of Yinchuan, east of Dingbixian county in Shaanxi province, northeast, northwest and Inner Mongolia autonomous region of the Ike Zhaomeng and Alashan left flag, southeast and Gansu Qingyang region border.

Topography: Wuzhong city is long from east to west and narrow from north to south. The topography is high in the south and low in the north, with Yinchuan plain in the north and Qingtongxia plain and hilly land in the south. Sichuan district dry average elevation of 1100 meters, the mountain elevation of 1300–1900 meters. The city's landform is made up of loess plateau, ordos platform, Yellow River alluvial plain and l mountain.

Rivers, mountains, the Yellow River is the most important river in hui, two cities (districts) flows through Sichuan area, the coastal terrain temple, since the Qin and Han dynasties has laid the Qin Qu, Han canal, Tang Laiqu important irrigation channels, such as a history of 2000 years. Here the land is fertile, ditches crisscrossing, forest belt salty network, drought and flood yuan yu, developed agriculture, known as the "plugging Jiangnan" reputation, rich in wheat. Rice, fruits, vegetables, Ningxia is the main commercial grain production base. Loess plateau in the south, suitable for forest and animal husbandry, is an important origin of ningxia tanyang and shaimao goats. The main mountain ranges are luoshan and niushoushan, among which luoshan is one of the three natural forests in ningxia.

Climate data for Wuzhong, Ningxia (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 0.8
(33.4)		 5.2
(41.4)		 11.9
(53.4)		 19.9
(67.8)		 25.0
(77.0)		 28.7
(83.7)		 30.4
(86.7)		 28.5
(83.3)		 23.9
(75.0)		 17.6
(63.7)		 8.9
(48.0)		 2.1
(35.8)		 16.9
(62.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 4.5
(40.1)		 12.2
(54.0)		 17.9
(64.2)		 22.0
(71.6)		 24.0
(75.2)		 22.0
(71.6)		 16.9
(62.4)		 10.1
(50.2)		 2.4
(36.3)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 10.0
(49.9)
Average low °C (°F) −11.4
(11.5)		 −7.7
(18.1)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 5.4
(41.7)		 11.2
(52.2)		 15.8
(60.4)		 18.4
(65.1)		 16.7
(62.1)		 11.4
(52.5)		 4.7
(40.5)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 −8.8
(16.2)		 4.3
(39.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 1.2
(0.05)		 1.9
(0.07)		 5.4
(0.21)		 11.3
(0.44)		 20.0
(0.79)		 24.6
(0.97)		 37.2
(1.46)		 41.8
(1.65)		 24.2
(0.95)		 12.4
(0.49)		 2.7
(0.11)		 0.6
(0.02)		 183.3
(7.21)
Average relative humidity (%) 49 45 44 40 47 54 61 66 65 59 57 52 53
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6]

Economic

At present, Wuzhong has eight advantageous industries: Energy and Power Industry, New Material industry, Milk industry, Wine industry, Construction Materials industry, Paper industry, Fur and Plush industry, Grass and Livestock industry. Energy and power industry: at present, the total installed capacity of the city's energy and power industry reaches 1.55 million KW, reaching 3.5 million KW in 2008. New material industry (aluminum, magnesium, PVC, etc.): it has the production capacity of 280,000 tons of electrolytic aluminum, 25,000 tons of magnesium metal and 100,000 tons of PVC resin, which will increase threefold in 2008. Dairy industry: there are 15 dairy products processing enterprises, accounting for more than half of Ningxia's production capacity. By 2008, the output value of the dairy industry has exceeded 6 billion yuan. Wine industry: at present, the production of wine accounts for 50% of the region. By 2008, the output value of the wine industry has exceeded 2 billion yuan. Building materials industry: at present, cement output in the building materials industry reaches 3.5 million tons, and the cement production capacity of the whole city reaches 6.6 million tons in 2008. Paper industry: Wuzhong has formed Yuhua paper industry, Xiaguang paper industry, Wuzhong paper mill and other paper enterprises with a certain scale. By 2008, the papermaking capacity of the whole region can reach 280,000 tons, and the output value of the papermaking industry can reach 1.1 billion yuan. Fur plush industry: at present, non-plush production accounts for 60% of the total volume of the district. By 2008, the annual production capacity of non-plush with Tongxin county as the focus has reached 3000 tons. Grass and livestock industry: by 2008, the high-quality forage planting area of the sheep and livestock industry focusing on Yanchi, Tongxin and Hongsibao has reached 4 million mu, the sheep raising quantity has reached 6 million, 200,000 beef cattle, and the output value of the grass and livestock industry has reached 1 billion yuan.

Special Local Product

Licorice Cashmere Hand caught lamb chop Goji Helan stone

Notable residents
  • Shi Tao, journalist, writer, and poet
  • Zhou Shengxian, the director of the State Forestry Administration, is from Wuzhong.
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References
  1. https://www.hpcbristol.net/visual/hv47-250
  2. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2159722/chinese-hui-mosque-protest-ends-after-authorities
  3. http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Thousands-of-Muslims-protest-against-the-demolition-of-the-Weizhou-Grand-Mosque-44640.html
  4. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2159255/protest-chinese-hui-muslims-weizhou-grand-mosque-goes
  5. Michael Dillon (1999). China's Muslim Hui community: migration, settlement and sects. Routledge. pp. 124–126. ISBN 0-7007-1026-4.
  6. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
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