List of former European colonies
This is a list of former European colonies.
North America
Northern and Central America
Britain
- British America (New Britain)
- Canadian colonies
- Island of St. John
- Rupert's Land (A private estate stretching from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and from the prairies to the Arctic Circle.[1])
- Lower Canada
- Upper Canada
- Newfoundland Colony
- "Thirteen Colonies"
- Other North American colonies
- Province of East Florida
- Province of West Florida
- Indian Reserve
- Oregon Country (disputed with France)
- Canadian colonies
- British Honduras
- Mosquito Coast
- Bay Islands
Belgium
Denmark
France
- New France
- Newfoundland
- Île-Royale (Cape Breton Island)
- Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
Netherlands
- New Netherlands (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)
Portugal
- Claim to Labrador
- Claim and settlement in Terra Nova (Newfoundland)
Russia
Spain
- Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
- Las Californias
- Nuevo Reino de León
- Nuevo Santander
- Nueva Vizcaya
- Santa Fe de Nuevo México
- Nueva Extremadura
- Nueva Galicia
- Captaincy General of Cuba
- Puerto Rico
- Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
- Captaincy General of Guatemala
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- East Florida and West Florida
- Settlement at Nootka, near Vancouver Island, Canada
Scotland
Sweden
- New Sweden (Nya Sverige)
Caribbean
Brandenburg
Britain
Denmark-Norway
France
- Anguilla
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Dominica
- Grenada
- Haiti
- Montserrat
- Saint Barthélemy
- Nevis
- Saint Christophe (St Kitts)
- Saint Croix
- Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
- Sainte-Lucia (St Lucia)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Sint Eustatius
- Tobago
Knights of Malta
- Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
- Saint Croix
- Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)
Netherlands
- Anegada
- New Walcheren (Tobago)
- Saint Croix
- Tortola
- Virgin Gorda
Portugal
Scotland
- Caledonia (Gulf of Darién)
Spain
Sweden
South America
Britain
- British Guiana
- Falkland Islands
- South Georgia
- South Sandwich Islands
France
- Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)
(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)
- Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)
- French Guiana
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
- Perú
- New Granada
- Río de la Plata
- Capital General de Chile
- Upper Peru
- Capital General de Venezuela
- Banda Oriental
- real Audiencia de Quito
Africa
Belgium
Brandenburg
- Arguin (in Mauritania)
- Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
Britain
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
- Basutoland (Lesotho)
- Balleland (Benin)
- Bechuanaland (Botswana)
- British East Africa (Kenya)
- British Somaliland (northern Somalia)
- British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
- British Cameroons (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
- British Egypt
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gold Coast (Ghana)
- Colonial Nigeria
- Niger Coast Protectorate
- Northern Nigeria Protectorate
- Southern Nigeria Protectorate
- Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
- Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
- Nyasaland (Malawi)
- Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
- South Africa
- British Cape Colony
- Colony of Natal
- Orange Free State
- Transvaal Colony
- South-West Africa (Namibia)
- Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
- Swaziland (Eswatini)
- Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
- Uganda Protectorate
- Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)
Courland
Denmark-Norway
- Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
France
- Albreda (in Gambia)
- Comoros
- French Dahomey (Benin)
- French Algeria
- French Cameroons (91% of modern Cameroon)
- French Chad
- French Congo (Republic of Congo)
- French Guinea (Guinea)
- French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
- French Somaliland (Djibouti)
- French Sudan (Mali)
- French Togoland (Togo)
- French Madagascar
- Gabon
- Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
- Colonial Mauritania
- French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco)
- Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
- Senegal
- Senegambia and Niger
- French protectorate of Tunisia
Germany
Netherlands
- Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
- Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
- Gorée (Senegal)
- Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
- São Tomé
- South Africa
Portugal
Timor- Leste
Macau, China
Brazil
- Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
- Angola
- Annobon
- Cabinda
- Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
- Ceuta
- Gorée (in Senegal)
- Malindi
- Mombasa
- Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
- Nigeria (Lagos area)
- Mozambique
- Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
- Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
- Quíloa
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tangier
- Zanzibar
- Ziguinchor
Spain
- Bona
- Bougie
- Jerba
- Fernando Po and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea)
- Oran
- Port Guinea
- Río Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea)
- Spanish North Africa
- Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
- Spanish West Africa
- Río de Oro
- Saguia el-Hamra
- Tarfaya Strip
- Ifni
Sweden
- Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
Indian Ocean
Britain
France
- French Comoros
- Isle de France (now Mauritius)
- French Madagascar
- French Seychelles
Netherlands
- Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)
Portugal
West Asia
Britain
Netherlands
- Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
- Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)
Portugal
- Aden
- Bandar Abbas
- Hormuz
- Manama
- Muharraq Island
- Muscat
- Qeshm
South Asia
Austria
- Nicobar Islands
Britain
Denmark-Norway
- Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
- Serampore
- Tranquebar
France
- India
- Pondicherry, Karikal, Yanaon, Mahé, and Chandernagore
Netherlands
- Bangladesh (Dutch Bengal)
- Ceylon
- India (Dutch Bengal, Suratte, Malabar, Coromandel)
Portugal
Asia-Pacific
Britain
- Australia
- British Solomon Islands
- British Western Pacific Territories
- Colonial Fiji
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
- Hawaii (formerly Sandwich Islands)
- Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
- New Zealand
- Niue
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
- Territory of New Guinea
- Western Samoa
- Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
- Solomon Islands
- New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with France)
- Territory of Papua
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- East Asia
- Brunei
- Bonin Islands (Japan)
- Singapore
- China
- Hong Kong
- Weihaiwei (leased to the British government)
- Shanghai International Settlement (merger of the British and American concessions and residency in Shanghai)
- Tientsin (British concession territory)
- Canton (British concession territory)
Belgium
- Tientsin (concession territory)
France
- East Asia
- Indochina
- New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with Britain)
Germany
- Bismarck Archipelago
- Caroline Islands (Karolinen)
- German Samoa
- Jiaozhou Bay (Kiautschou)
- Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
- Marshall Islands
- Nauru
- North Solomon Islands
- Northern Marianas Islands (Marianen)
- Palau
Italy
Netherlands
- Burma (Myanmar) (Mrohaung (Arakan), Siriangh, Syriam, Ava, Martaban)
- Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
- Malacca
- Dutch Formosa
- Dejima
Portugal
Portuguese Nagasaki
Spain
- Spanish East Indies
- Philippines
- Marianas Islands (Ladrones)
- Guam
- Northern Marianas Islands
- Caroline Islands
- Marshall Islands
Europe
Austria
- Austrian Netherlands
- Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina was a de jure annexation, but some historians characterize the regime as comparable to colonial rule[2], especially as model colonies consisting of non-Bosnian citizens were established. [3]
Britain
- Corsica (the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom was a protectorate or in personal union with Britain, now part of France)
- Cyprus
- Dutch Republic (in personal union, with William of Orange accession to the British throne, now part of the Netherlands)
- France (possessions of the Angevin kings of England who held lands in England and France, formally known as the Angevin Empire, laid claim to the French throne until 1801)
- Pale of Calais (now part of France)
- Gibraltar
- Heligoland (now part of Germany)
- Hanover (in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, now part of Germany)
- Ionian islands (now part of Greece)
- Malta
- Menorca (now part of Spain)
- Ireland
Denmark
- Danish Estonia
- Iceland
Italy
- Albania
- Dodecanese
Poland
Russia
Spain
- Spanish Netherlands (present-day Belgium and Luxembourg)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
- Duchy of Milan
Sweden
- Swedish Estonia
- Swedish Finland
- Swedish Ingria
- Swedish Livonia
- Swedish Pomerania
gollark: I blame endianness, myself, somehow.
gollark: Our agents within Whitehall will prompt him for comment.
gollark: I mean, except for all the ways in which I participated.
gollark: I like how I """won""" despite not actually participating.
gollark: It would have been hilarious if palaiologos had just lied about being #4.
See also
- Austrian colonial policy
- Belgian colonial empire
- British colonial empire
- Danish colonial empire
- Dutch colonial empire
- French colonial empire
- German colonial empire
- List of former German colonies
- Italian colonial empire
- Portuguese colonial empire
- Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
- Spanish colonial empire
- Swedish colonial empire
References
- http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ruperts-land/
- Donia, Robert J. (2006). Sarajevo: A Biography. London: Hurst & Company. p. 93.
- Malcolm, Noel (1994). Bosnia: A Short History. New York. p. 143.
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