British Cyprus

British Cyprus was the island of Cyprus under the dominion of the British Empire, administered sequentially from 1878 to 1914 as a British protectorate, a unilaterally annexed military occupation from 1914 to 1925 and from 1925 to 1960 as a Crown colony. Following the London and Zurich Agreements of 19 February 1959 Cyprus became an independent republic on 16 August 1960.

This article is about the British colony covering the whole of Cyprus until 1960. For the British Overseas Territory currently on the island of Cyprus, see Akrotiri and Dhekelia.

Crown Colony of Cyprus
1878–1960
Flag (1922–1960) Badge (1905–1960)
Cyprus in the 1930s, with Cyprus in dark green and the United Kingdom in dark grey
Status	British Protectorate (1878–1914) British military occupation (1914–1925) British Crown Colony (1925–1960)
Capital	Nicosia
Common languages	English (official) Greek, Turkish
Government	Crown colony
Monarch
• 1878–1901 (first)	Victoria
• 1952–1960 (last)	Elizabeth II
Governor
• 1878–1879 (first)	Garnet Wolseley[lower-alpha 1]
• 1957–1960 (last)	Hugh Foot
History
• Cyprus Convention	4 June 1878
• Protectorate established	12 July 1878
• British annexation	5 November 1914
• Treaty of Lausanne	24 July 1923
• Crown Colony of Cyprus	1 May 1925
• Cyprus Emergency	1 April 1955
• London and Zurich Agreements	19 February 1959
• Independence	16 August 1960
Area
1924	9,272 km^2 (3,580 sq mi)
Population
• 1924	310709
• 1955	529972[1]
• 1960	572930[1]
Preceded by Succeeded by Ottoman Cyprus Cyprus Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Today part of	Cyprus  Northern Cyprus  Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Source for 1924 area and population:[2]

History

Formation

Cyprus was a territory of the Ottoman Empire, lastly as part of the Vilayet of the Archipelago, since it was conquered from the Republic of Venice in 1570-71.

A British protectorate under nominal Ottoman suzerainty was established over Cyprus by the Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878, following the Russo-Turkish War, in which the British occupied the island as a consequence of the Ottoman Empire's actions throughout the duration of the war. Cyprus was then proclaimed a British protectorate and was informally integrated into the British Empire. This remained in place until 5 November 1914, when after the Ottomans joined the Central Powers, in turn entering World War I, Britain declared the complete annexation of Cyprus into the British Empire, albeit under a military administration status. The Crown Colony of Cyprus was proclaimed a decade later, in 1925, after Britain's annexation of Cyprus was verified twice, firstly in the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920, then confirmed again in the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.[3]

Proposed union with Greece

King Paul of Greece declared that Cyprus desired union with Greece in 1948. A referendum was presented by the Orthodox Church of Cyprus in 1950, according to which around 97% of the Greek Cypriot population wanted the union. The Greek petition and enosis became an international issue when it was accepted by the United Nations.

Cyprus Emergency

Main article: Cyprus Emergency

The Cyprus Emergency was a military action that took place in Cyprus from 1955 to 1959. The Cyprus Emergency primarily consisted of a campaign by the Greek Cypriot military group EOKA to remove the British from Cyprus so it could be unified with Greece.

Independence

Signed on 19 February 1959, the London and Zurich Agreements started the process for the constitution of an independent Cyprus. The United Kingdom granted independence to Cyprus on 16 August 1960 and formed the Republic of Cyprus. Archbishop Makarios III, a charismatic religious and political leader, was elected as the first president of independent Cyprus. As part of the independence agreement, the United Kingdom retained possession of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia as a British Overseas Territory.

In 1961 the Republic of Cyprus became the 99th member of the United Nations.

See also

• List of colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus

References

1. as High Commissioner

1. "Cyprus Population". Worldometers. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
2. "The British Empire in 1924". The British Empire. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
3. Xypolia, Ilia (2017). British Imperialism and Turkish Nationalism in Cyprus, 1923-1939 Divide, Define and Rule. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781138221291.

External links

• Media related to Cyprus under British rule at Wikimedia Commons
• British Rule in Cyprus (1878-1960) - cypnet.co.uk