1915
1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1915th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 915th year of the 2nd millennium, the 15th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1915, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1915 by topic |
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| Lists of leaders |
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| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1915 MCMXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2668 |
| Armenian calendar | 1364 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6665 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 71–72 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1836–1837 |
| Bengali calendar | 1322 |
| Berber calendar | 2865 |
| British Regnal year | 5 Geo. 5 – 6 Geo. 5 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2459 |
| Burmese calendar | 1277 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7423–7424 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲寅年 (Wood Tiger) 4611 or 4551 — to — 乙卯年 (Wood Rabbit) 4612 or 4552 |
| Coptic calendar | 1631–1632 |
| Discordian calendar | 3081 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1907–1908 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5675–5676 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1971–1972 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1836–1837 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5015–5016 |
| Holocene calendar | 11915 |
| Igbo calendar | 915–916 |
| Iranian calendar | 1293–1294 |
| Islamic calendar | 1333–1334 |
| Japanese calendar | Taishō 4 (大正４年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1845–1846 |
| Juche calendar | 4 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4248 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 4 民國4年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 447 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2457–2458 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木虎年 (male Wood-Tiger) 2041 or 1660 or 888 — to — 阴木兔年 (female Wood-Rabbit) 2042 or 1661 or 889 |
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Events
Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January
- January – Joseph Larmor published his work on The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction.
- January 1
- WWI: The Royal Navy battleship HMS Formidable is sunk off Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, by an Imperial German Navy U-boat, with the loss of 547 crew.
- Battle of Broken Hill: A train ambush near Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, is carried out by two men (claiming to be in support of the Ottoman Empire) who are killed, together with 4 civilians.
- Harry Houdini performs a straitjacket escape performance.[1][2]
- January 5 – Joseph E. Carberry sets an altitude record of 11,690 feet (3,560 m), carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft.
- January 12
- The United States House of Representatives rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote.
- A Fool There Was premières in the United States, starring Theda Bara as a femme fatale; she quickly becomes one of early cinema's most sensational stars.
- January 13 – The 6.7 Mw Avezzano earthquake shakes the Province of L'Aquila in Italy, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). Various agencies estimate the number of people killed to be 29,978–32,610.
- January 17 – WWI: Caucasus Campaign – Battle of Sarikamish: Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey.
- January 18 – Twenty-One Demands from Japan to China are made.
- January 19
- Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising.
- WWI: German Zeppelins bomb the coastal towns of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in England for the first time, killing more than 20.
- January 21 – Kiwanis is founded in Detroit, Michigan, as The Supreme Lodge Benevolent Order Brothers.
- January 23 – Chilembwe uprising: Baptist minister John Chilembwe initiates an ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi).
- January 24 – WWI: Battle of Dogger Bank: The British Grand Fleet defeats the German High Seas Fleet, sinking the armoured cruiser SMS Blücher.[3]
- January 25
- The first United States coast-to-coast long-distance telephone call is facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier, ceremonially inaugurated by Alexander Graham Bell in New York City and his former assistant Thomas A. Watson, in San Francisco, California.
- Emory College is rechartered as Emory University, and plans to move its main campus from Oxford, Georgia to Atlanta.
- January 26
- WWI: The Ottoman Army begins the Raid on the Suez Canal.
- The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the United States Congress.
- January 27 – WWI: Military casualties begin arriving at the Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois, established earlier in the month.
- January 28 – An act of the United States Congress designates the United States Coast Guard, began in 1790, as a military branch.
- January 31 – WWI – Battle of Bolimów: Germany's first large-scale use of poison gas as a weapon occurs, when 18,000 artillery shells containing liquid xylyl bromide tear gas are fired on the Imperial Russian Army, on the Rawka River west of Warsaw; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.[4]
January 28: United States Coast Guard military branch
February
- February – While working as a cook at New York's Sloane Hospital for Women under an assumed name, "Typhoid Mary" (an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever) infects 25 people, and is placed in quarantine for life on March 27.
- February 4 – The Maritz Rebellion of disaffected Boers, against the government of the Union of South Africa, ends with the surrender of the remaining rebels.
- February 8 – The controversial film, The Birth of a Nation, directed by D. W. Griffith, premieres in Los Angeles. It will be the highest-grossing film for around 25 years.
- February 18 – WWI: Germany regards the waters around the British Isles to be a war zone from this date, as part of its U-boat campaign.
- February 20 – In San Francisco, the Panama–Pacific International Exposition is opened.
March
- March – The 1915 Palestine locust infestation breaks out in Palestine; it continues until October.
- March 3 – The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the predecessor of NASA, is founded in the United States.
- March 10 – 13 – WWI – Battle of Neuve Chapelle: In the first deliberately planned British offensive of the war, British Indian troops overrun German positions in France, but are unable to sustain the advance.
- March 11 – WWI: British armed merchantman HMS Bayano (1913) is sunk in the North Channel off the coast of Scotland by Imperial German Navy U-boat SM U-27. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the Isle of Man, with only 26 saved.[5]
- March 14 – WWI:
- Battle of Más a Tierra: Off the coast of Chile, the British Royal Navy forces the Imperial German Navy light cruiser SMS Dresden (last survivor of the German East Asia Squadron) to scuttle.
- Constantinople Agreement: Britain, France and the Russian Empire agree to give Constantinople and the Bosphorus to Russia, in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik Revolution).
- March 18
- WWI: A British attack on the Dardanelles fails.
- British Royal Navy battleship HMS Dreadnought (1906) sinks German submarine U-29 with all hands, in the Pentland Firth off the coast of Scotland, by ramming her, the only time this tactic is known to have been successfully used by a battleship.
- March 19 – Pluto is photographed for the first time, but is not classified as a planet.
- March 25 – The U.S. submarine F-4 sinks off Hawaii; 21 are killed.
- March 26 – The Vancouver Millionaires win the Stanley Cup in ice hockey over the Ottawa Senators, 3 games to 0.
- March 28 – The first Roman Catholic liturgy is celebrated by Archbishop John Ireland at the newly consecrated Cathedral of Saint Paul, in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
April
- April 5 – Boxer Jess Willard, the latest "Great White Hope", defeats Jack Johnson with a 26th-round knockout in sweltering heat, at Havana, Cuba. Willard becomes very popular among white Americans, for "bringing back the championship to the white race".
- April 11 – Charlie Chaplin's film The Tramp is released.
- April 22 – WWI – Start of Second Battle of Ypres: Germany makes its first large scale use of poison gas on the Western Front.
- April 24 – The Armenian Genocide begins, with the deportation of Armenian notables from Istanbul.
- April 25 – WWI – Start of the Gallipoli Campaign (lasting until January 1916): A landing at Anzac Cove is conducted by Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and a landing at Cape Helles by British and French troops, to begin the Allied invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula in the Ottoman Empire.
- April 26 – Treaty of London: Italy secretly agrees to leave the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, and join with the Triple Entente, in exchange for certain territories of Austria-Hungary on its borders.
May
- May 1 – WWI: General Louis Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa, leads the army in the occupation of German South West Africa.
- May 3 – Canadian soldier John McCrae writes the poem "In Flanders Fields".
- May 5 – WWI: Forces of the Ottoman Empire begin shelling ANZAC Cove from a new position behind their lines.
- May 6 – Baseball player Babe Ruth hits his first career home run (off Jack Warhop), for the Boston Red Sox.
- May 7 – WWI: Sinking of the RMS Lusitania: RMS Titanic's main rival, the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania, is sunk by Imperial German Navy U-boat U-20 off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,198 civilians en route from New York City to Liverpool.
- May 9 – WWI – Second Battle of Artois: German and French forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the Battle of Aubers Ridge.
- May 17 – The last purely Liberal government in the United Kingdom ends, when the prime minister H. H. Asquith forms an all-party coalition government, the Asquith coalition ministry, effective May 25.
- May 19 – WWI: The third attack on Anzac Cove by Ottoman forces is repelled, by the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
- May 22
- Quintinshill rail disaster in Scotland: The collision and fire kill 226, mostly troops, the largest number of fatalities in a rail accident in the United Kingdom.
- Lassen Peak, one of the Cascade Volcanoes in California, erupts, sending an ash plume 30,000 feet in the air, and devastating the nearby area with pyroclastic flows and lahars. It is the only volcano to erupt in the contiguous United States this century, until the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
- May 23 – WWI: Italy joins the Allies, after declaring war on Austria-Hungary.
- May 25 – China agrees to the Twenty-One Demands of the Japanese.
- May 28 – International Congress of Women meet at the Hague as a major peace initiative.[6]
- May 29 – Teófilo Braga becomes president of Portugal.
June
- June 3 – Mexican Revolution: Troops of Álvaro Obregón and Pancho Villa clash at León; Obregón loses his right arm in a grenade attack, but Villa is decisively defeated.
- June 5 – Women's suffrage in national elections is introduced in Denmark.
- June 9 – U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the sinking of the RMS Lusitania.
- June 11 – Friar Leonard Melki and hundreds of other Christians are driven out of Mardin and massacred by Ottoman troops.[7]
- June 16 – Women's Institutes are established in Britain.
- June 19 – In Iceland, at this time a dependency of Denmark:
- Women's suffrage is granted to those over 40.[8]
- The modern civil flag of Iceland is adopted officially.
July
- July – WWI – South West Africa Campaign: The Union of South Africa occupies German South West Africa with assistance from Canada, the United Kingdom, the Portuguese Republic and Portuguese Angola. South Africa will occupy South West Africa until March 1990.
- July 1 – WWI: In aerial warfare, German fighter pilot Kurt Wintgens becomes the first person to shoot down another plane, using a machine gun equipped with synchronization gear.
- July 7
- An extremely overloaded International Railway (New York–Ontario) trolleycar with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, resulting in 15 casualties.
- Sinhalese militia captain Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for inciting race riots, a charge later proved false; he becomes a hero of the Sri Lankan independence movement.
- July 9 – WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of German South West Africa, surrenders to General Louis Botha, between Otavi and Tsumeb.
- July 11 – WWI – Battle of Rufiji Delta – German cruiser SMS Königsberg (1905) is forced to scuttle in the Rufiji River, German East Africa (present-day Tanzania).
- July 14 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire begins; in exchange for assistance against the Ottomans, the British offer bin Ali their recognition of an independent Arab kingdom, although clear terms are never agreed to.[9]
- July 22 – WWI: The "Great Retreat" is ordered on the Eastern Front; Russian forces pull back out of Poland (then part of Russia), taking machinery and equipment with them.
- July 24 – The steamer Eastland capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives.
- July 28 – The American occupation of Haiti (1915–34) begins.
August
August: Destruction by the 1915 Galveston hurricane.
- August 5 – 23 – Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and New Orleans leaves 275 dead.
- August 6 – WWI – Battle of Sari Bair: The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
- August 16 – WWI: The Entente promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over Austria-Hungary and its allied Central Powers, the territories of Baranja, Srem and Slavonia from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and eastern Dalmatia (from the river of Krka to Bar).
- August 17 – Jewish American Leo Frank is lynched, for the alleged murder of a 13-year-old girl in Atlanta.
- August 31 – Jimmy Lavender of the Chicago Cubs pitches a no-hitter, against the New York Giants.
September
- September 5 – The Zimmerwald Conference begins in Switzerland.
- September 6 – The prototype military tank is first tested by the British Army.
- September 7 – Former cartoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his Raggedy Ann doll.
- September 8 – WWI: A Zeppelin raid destroys No. 61 Farringdon Road, London; it is rebuilt in 1917, and called The Zeppelin Building.
- September 11 – The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli and Philadelphia, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
- September 12 – French soldiers rescue over 4,000 Armenian Genocide survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of Turkey.
- September 25 – October 14 – WWI – Battle of Loos: British forces take the French town of Loos, but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use poison gas in World War I, and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or Kitchener's Army) units.
- September 30 – WWI: Serbian Army private Radoje Ljutovac became the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft, with ground-to-air fire.
October
- October – Franz Kafka's novella The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung) is first published in Germany.[10]
- October 10 – Albert Cashier dies at age 71.
- October 12 – WWI: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad, for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.
- October 15 – WWI – Serbian Campaign: Austria-Hungary invades the Kingdom of Serbia. Bulgaria enters the war, also invading Serbia. The Serbian First Army retreats towards Greece.
- October 16 – WWI: France declares war on Bulgaria.
- October 19
- WWI: Russia and Italy declare war on Bulgaria.
- Mexican Revolution: The U.S. recognizes the Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza de facto (not de jure until 1917).
- October 21 – The United Daughters of the Confederacy holds its first annual meeting outside the South, in San Francisco. Historian General Mildred Rutherford addresses the gathering on the "Historical Sins of Omission & Commission", of Yankee historians.
- October 23 – WWI: The torpedoing of armored cruiser SMS Prinz Adalbert (1901) results in only 3 men being rescued from a crew of 675, the greatest single loss of life for the Imperial German Navy in the Baltic Sea during the war.
- October 25 – Lyda Conley, the first American Indian woman to appear before the Supreme Court of the United States as a lawyer, is admitted to practice there.[11]
- October 27 – William Morris "Billy" Hughes becomes the 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
- October 28 – St. Johns School fire: Fire at St. John's School in Peabody, Massachusetts, claims the lives of 21 girls between the ages of 7 and 17.
November
- November 2 – PSM Makassar is founded as Makassar Voetbal Bond.
- November 18 – The U.S. silent film Inspiration, the first mainstream movie in which a leading actress (Audrey Munson) appears nude, is released.
- November 21 – British polar exploration ship Endurance finally breaks apart from pressure of ice around it and sinks into the Weddell Sea, stranding Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition party in the Antarctic.[12][13]
- November 23 – The Triangle Film Corporation opens its new motion picture theater in Massillon, Ohio.
- November 24 – William J. Simmons revives the American Civil War era Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mountain, Georgia.
- November 25 – Albert Einstein presents part of his theory of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.[14]
December
- December 10 – The 1 millionth Ford car rolls off the assembly line, at the River Rouge Plant in Detroit, Michigan.
- December 12 – President of the Republic of China Yuan Shikai declares himself Emperor.
- December 18 – United States President Woodrow Wilson marries Edith B. Galt, in Washington, D.C.
- December 23 – HMHS Britannic, which will be the largest British ship lost in WWI (though with only 30 fatalities), departs Liverpool on her maiden voyage as a hospital ship.
- December 26 – The Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage an Easter Rising in 1916.
Date unknown
- Alfred Wegener publishes his theory of Pangaea.
- The first stop sign appears in Detroit.
- The Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis is founded in the United States.
- Carrier Engineering, as predecessor of Carrier Global, an air conditioners brand on worldwide, founded in New Jersey, United States.
Births
| Births |
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| January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December |
January
- January 1
- Branko Ćopić, Yugoslav writer (d. 1984)
- Tom Godwin, American science fiction author (d. 1980)
- Fazlollah Reza, Iranian university professor, electrical engineer (d. 2019)
- January 2 – John Hope Franklin, African-American historian (d. 2009)
- January 3
- Sid Hudson, American baseball player (d. 2008)
- Mady Rahl, German stage, film actress (d. 2009)
- January 4
- Meg Mundy, English-born American actress (d. 2016)
- Adolf Opálka, Czechoslovak soldier (d. 1942)
- January 5
- Arthur H. Robinson, American geographer, cartographer (d. 2004)
- Humberto Teixeira, Brazilian flautist (d. 1979)
- January 6
- Don Edwards, American politician (d. 2015)
- Alan Watts, British philosopher (d. 1973)
- January 7
- Franz Bartl, Austrian field handball player (d. 1941)
- Helen Mussallem, Canadian nursing administrator (d. 2012)
- January 9
- Fernando Lamas, Argentine-born actor (d. 1982)
- Anita Louise, American actress (d. 1970)
- January 11 – Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier, co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955)
- January 14 – Mark Goodson, American television game show producer (d. 1992)
- January 15 – Leo Mol, Ukrainian-born Canadian artist, sculptor (d. 2009)
- January 16
- Susan Ahn Cuddy, United States Navy gunnery officer (d. 2015)
- Leslie H. Martinson, American film director (d. 2016)
- January 17 – Sammy Angott, American boxer (d. 1980)
- January 18 – Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician (d. 2012)
- January 20
- Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Pakistani civil servant, 7th President of Pakistan (d. 2006)
- Edward Stewart, American set decorator (d. 1999)
- January 23
- W. Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- Potter Stewart, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1985)
- January 24 – Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
- January 25 – Ewan MacColl, English folk singer, songwriter, and poet (d. 1989)
- January 28 – Nien Cheng, Chinese-born American writer (d. 2009)
- January 29
- Albert Henderson, American actor (d. 2004)
- V. V. Sadagopan, Indian film actor, music teacher, performer and composer
- John Serry, Sr., American musician, composer, and arranger (d. 2003)
- January 30
- Ed Keats, American rear admiral (d. 2019)
- Joachim Peiper, German Waffen-SS officer (d. 1976)
- John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006)
- January 31
- Alan Lomax, American folklorist, musicologist (d. 2002)
- Thomas Merton, American monk, author (d. 1968)
February
- February 1
- Alicia Rhett, American actress (d. 2014)
- Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986)
- Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
- February 2
- Abba Eban, South African-born Israeli foreign affairs minister (d. 2002)
- Khushwant Singh, Indian writer (d. 2014)
- February 4
- Ray Evans, American composer (d. 2007)
- Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor (d. 2010)
- Virginia Admiral, American painter and poet (d. 2000)
- February 5 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
- February 6 – Danuta Szaflarska, Polish screen, stage actress (d. 2017)
- February 7
- Teoctist Arăpașu, Ex-Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (d. 2007)
- Georges-André Chevallaz, 78th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2002)
- Liu Jie, Chinese politician (d. 2018)
- February 10 – Karl Winsch, American professional baseball player, manager (d. 2001)
- February 11
- Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author, soldier (d. 2011)
- Harry Walker, English rugby union player (d. 2018)
- Richard Hamming, American mathematician (d. 1998)
- Herbert Haag, Swiss theologian and Biblical scholar (d. 2001)
- February 12
- Richard G. Colbert, American admiral (d. 1973)
- Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (d. 1987)
- Olivia Hooker, American civil rights figure (d. 2018)
- February 13 – Aung San, Burmese national leader (d. 1947)
- February 16
- Elisabeth Eybers, South African poet (d. 2007)
- Jim O'Hora, American college football coach (d. 2005)
- February 19
- Fred Freiberger, American screenwriter, television producer (d. 2003)
- John Freeman, British politician (d. 2014)
- February 20 – Danuta Szaflarska Polish screen, stage actress (d. 2017)
- February 21
- Ann Sheridan, American film actress (d. 1967)
- Anton Vratuša, 8th Prime Minister of Slovenia (d. 2017)
- February 23
- Jon Hall, American actor (d. 1979)
- Paul Tibbets, American World War II bomber pilot (Enola Gay) (d. 2007)
- February 25 – S. Rajaratnam, 1st Senior Minister of Singapore (d. 2006)
- February 27 – Dick Crockett, American actor, stunt performer (d. 1979)
- February 28
- Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
- Zero Mostel, American film, stage actor (d. 1977)
March
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- March 1 – Elizabeth Peet McIntosh, American spy (d. 2015)
- March 4
- László Csizsik-Csatáry, Hungarian convicted Nazi war criminal (d. 2013)
- Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
- March 5 – Sydney Sturgess, British-Canadian actress (d. 1999)
- March 6
- Mary Ward, Australian actress
- Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Indian leader of the Dawoodi Bohra Community (d. 2014)
- March 7 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000)
- March 8 – Drue Heinz, American literary publisher (d. 2018)
- March 9 – John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English pilot (d. 2001)
- March 10 – Harry Bertoia, Italian artist, designer (d. 1978)
- March 11 – Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
- March 14 – Alexander Brott, Canadian conductor, composer (d. 2005)
- March 15 – Carl Emil Schorske, American cultural historian (d. 2015)
- March 17
- Ray Ellington, British singer, bandleader (d. 1985)
- Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian (d. 2011)
- March 19 – Patricia Morison, American actress (d. 2018)
- March 20
- Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, 8th President of Austria (d. 2000)
- Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997)
- Marie M. Runyon, American politician, activist (d. 2018)
- Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer (d. 1973)
- March 23 – Vasily Zaytsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991)
- March 27 – Robert Lockwood Jr., American musician (d. 2006)
- March 28 – Jeremy Hutchinson, British lawyer, peer (d. 2017)
- March 30
- Brockway McMillan, American government official and scientist (d. 2016)
- Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
- Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015)
- March 31 – Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)
April
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- April 1 – O. W. Fischer, Austrian actor (d. 2004)
- April 3
- Axel Axgil, Danish LGBT rights activist (d. 2011)
- Piet de Jong, Dutch politician, naval officer, Minister of Defence (1963–1967), and Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1967–1971) (d. 2016)
- İhsan Doğramacı, Turkish physician, academic (d. 2010)
- Paul Touvier, French Nazi collaborator (d. 1996)
- April 4 – Dorothy Fay, American actress (d. 2003)
- April 6
- Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter, assemblage designer and theatre director (d. 1990)
- Thelma McKenzie, Australian cricketer
- April 7
- Stanley Adams, American actor, screenwriter (d. 1977)
- Albert O. Hirschman, German-born economist (d. 2012)
- Billie Holiday, African-American singer (d. 1959)
- April 8
- Sir Alan Dawtry, British local government official (d. 2018)
- Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. 2007)
- April 10
- Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Kashmiri guerrilla leader (d. 2003)
- Harry Morgan, American actor and director (d. 2011)
- Wynona Mulcaster, Canadian painter and teacher (d. 2016)
- April 12
- George Hogan, American professional basketball player (d. 1965)
- Hound Dog Taylor, American guitarist, singer (d. 1975)
- Július Tomin, Czech writer known for promoting Interlingua (d. 2003)
- April 15 – Elizabeth Catlett, African-American artist (d. 2012)
- April 17 – William Pachner, Czech painter (d. 2017)
- April 19 – Vonda Phelps, American actress (d. 2004)
- April 20 – Zita Szeleczky, Hungarian actress (d. 1999)
- April 21 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (d. 2001)
- April 24
- Salvador Borrego, Mexican journalist, historical revisionist and neo-nazi writer (d. 2018)
- Sam Burston, Australian farmer (d. 2015)
- April 29 – Donald Mills, lead tenor of the Mills Brothers (d. 1999)
- April 30 – Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi (d. 2015)
May
- May 1 – Archie Williams, American athlete (d. 1993)
- May 2
- Van Alexander, American bandleader, arranger and composer (d. 2015)
- Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003)
- May 3
- Michele Cozzoli, Italian composer, conductor and arranger (d. 1961)
- Stu Hart, Canadian wrestling trainer (d. 2003)
- May 5
- Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998)
- Ben Wright, English actor (d. 1989)
- May 6
- Sydney Carter, British musician, poet and songwriter (d. 2004)
- Orson Welles, American actor and director (d. 1985)
- May 8
- John Archer, American actor (d. 1999)
- Milton Meltzer, American author (d. 2009)
- May 10
- Beyers Naudé, South African cleric, theologian and activist (d. 2004)
- Sir Denis Thatcher, British businessman, husband of Margaret Thatcher (d. 2003)
- May 12
- Brother Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005)
- Tadashi Sasaki, Japanese engineer (d. 2018)
- May 15
- Hilda Bernstein, English-born author, artist, and activist (d. 2006)
- Ida Keeling, American track and field athlete
- Evelyn Owen, Australian gun designer (d. 1949)
- Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
- May 16 – Mario Monicelli, Italian film director (d. 2010)
- May 19 – Renée Asherson, British actress (d. 2014)
- May 20 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981)
- May 25 – Aarne Kainlauri, Finnish athlete (d. 2020)
- May 26 – Sam Edwards, American actor (d. 2004)
- May 27
- Ester Soré, Chilean musician (d. 1996)
- Herman Wouk, American author (d. 2019)
- May 29 – Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d. 1990)
- May 31 – Carmen Herrera, Cuban-American painter
June
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- June 1
- Johnny Bond, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 1978)
- John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004)
- June 2
- Jason Lee, American politician and judge (d. 1980)
- Tapio Wirkkala, Finnish designer (d. 1985)
- June 3 – Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d. 1997)
- June 4 – Modibo Keïta, 1st President of Mali (d. 1977)
- June 9
- Ken Feltscheer, Australian rules footballer (d. 2017)
- Les Paul, American inventor and musician (d. 2009)
- June 10
- Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- Peride Celal, Turkish author (d. 2013)
- Inia Te Wiata, New Zealand Māori bass-baritone opera singer, film actor, whakairo (carver) and artist (d. 1971)
- June 11
- Buddy Baer, American boxer and actor (d. 1986)
- Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1997)
- June 12
- William MacVane, American surgeon and politician (d. 2010)
- David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist (d. 2017)
- June 14
- Loke Wan Tho, Singaporean business magnate, ornithologist, and photographer (d. 1964)
- Zoe Dell Nutter, American dancer, model, promoter, pilot and philanthropist (d. 2020)
- June 15
- Kaiser Matanzima, President of the Transkei bantustan (d. 2003)
- Nini Theilade, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher (d. 2018)
- Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
- June 16 – Mariano Rumor, Italian politician and Prime Minister of Italy from 1968 to 1970 and again from 1973 to 1974 (d. 1990)
- June 17
- David "Stringbean" Akeman, American country music banjo player (d. 1973)
- Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (d. 2011)
- Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996)
- Walter J. Zable, American founder and CEO of Cubic Corporation (d. 2012)
- June 19 – Pat Buttram, American actor (d. 1994)
- June 20 – Terence Young, British film director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
- June 21
- Jesús Arango Cano, Colombian economist, diplomat, anthropologist, archaeologist and writer (d. 2015)
- Karol Miklosz, Polish-Soviet footballer, Soviet referee and Soviet-Ukrainian football administrator (d. 2003)
- June 22
- Duncan Clark, Scottish athlete (d. 2003)
- Thomas Quinn Curtiss, American writer, and film and theatre critic (d. 2000)
- Randolph Hokanson, American pianist (d. 2018)
- Hatsuko Morioka, Japanese freestyle swimmer
- Cornelius Warmerdam, American track & field athlete (d. 2001)
- June 23 – Frances Gabe, American artist and inventor (d. 2016)
- June 24
- Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
- Bill Radovich, American football guard (d. 2002)
- June 25 – Floyd Boring, American Secret Service agent (d. 2008)
- June 26
- George Haigh, English professional footballer (d. 2019)
- Charlotte Zolotow, American author (d. 2013)
- June 27
- Grace Lee Boggs, American author, social activist, and philosopher (d. 2015)
- Graham Botting, New Zealand cricketer and hockey (d. 2007)
- Marie Clarke, American activist and labor leader (d. 2020)
- Aideu Handique, Indian actress (d. 2002)
- John Alexander Moore, American zoology professor emeritus (d. 2002)
- June 28
- David "Honeyboy" Edwards, American musician (d. 2011)
- Muzz Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1998)
- Carmen Vidal, Spanish cosmetologist and businesswoman (d. 2003)
- June 29 – John Charles Cutler, American surgeon (d. 2003)
- June 30
- Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt, German officer (d. 2014)
- Robert E. Hopkins, president of the Optical Society of America in 1973 (d. 2009)
July
- July 1
- A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, 9th President of Bangladesh (d. 2001)
- Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme, British peer (d. 2000)
- Rudolf Pernický, Czechoslovak soldier and paratrooper (d. 2005)
- Boots Poffenberger, American Major League Baseball pitcher (d. 1999)
- Oscar Valicelli, Argentine actor (d. 1999)
- July 2
- Peggy Hubicki, English composer and teacher (d. 2006)
- Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington (d. 2014)
- July 3
- Ralph Chapin, American businessman (d. 2000)
- Marta Grandi, Italian entomologist (d. 2005)
- July 4 – Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
- July 5
- Yu Guangyuan, Chinese economist (d. 2013)
- Al Timothy, Trinidadian musician (d. 2000)
- John Woodruff, American athlete (d. 2007)
- July 6
- Leonard Birchall, Royal Canadian Air Force (d. 2004)
- Javare Gowda, Indian language author (d. 2016)
- July 7
- Reynaldo Guerra Garza, American judge (d. 2004)
- Adalbert Gurath Sr., Romanian fencer
- Billy Mure, American guitarist (d. 2013)
- Terry O'Sullivan, American actor (d. 2006)
- Margaret Walker, American poet and writer (d. 1998)
- July 8
- Malvina Cheek, British artist (d. 2016)
- Lowell English, United States Marine Corps general (d. 2005)
- Neil D. Van Sickle, American Air Force major general (d. 2019)
- July 9
- Joan Tompkins, American actress (d. 2005)
- July 10 – Kevin Barrett, Australian rules footballer (d. 1984)
- July 11 – Leonard Goodwin, British protozoologist (d. 2008)
- July 12
- Princess Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (d. 2007)
- Emanuel Papper, American anesthesiologist, professor, and author (d. 2002)
- July 13
- Tex Hill, Korean-American fighter pilot and flying ace (d. 2007)
- Paul Williams, African American jazz and blues saxophonist, bandleader and songwriter (d. 2002)
- July 14 – Harold Pupkewitz, Namibian entrepreneur (d. 2012)
- July 15
- William O. Baker, former president of Bell Labs (d. 2005)
- Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra, Argentine human rights activist (d. 2008)
- A. A. Englander, British television cinematographer (d. 2004)
- Albert Ghiorso, American nuclear scientist (d. 2010)
- Edith Pfau, American painter, sculptor and art educator (d. 2001)
- Judith Révész, Hungarian-Dutch potter and sculptor (d. 2018)
- Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian military advisor (d. 2007)
- David Tree, English actor (d. 2009)
- Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgăr, Moldovan activist (d. 2003)
- July 16 – Elaine Barrie, American actress (d. 2003)
- July 17 – Fred Ball, American movie studio executive, actor, and brother of comedian Lucille Ball (d. 2007)
- July 18
- Roxana Cannon Arsht, American judge (d. 2003)
- Carequinha, Brazilian clown, actor (d. 2006)
- Louis Le Bailly, British Royal Navy officer (d. 2010)
- July 19
- Rita Childers, First Lady of Ireland (1973–1974) (d. 2010)
- Åke Hellman, Finnish painter (d. 2017)
- Katherine Sanford, American biologist (d. 2005)
- July 20
- Matest M. Agrest, Russian-Jewish mathematician (d. 2005)
- Gene Hasson, American Major League Baseball infielder (d. 2003)
- July 22 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani female politician, diplomat and author (d. 2000)
- July 24 – Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004)
- July 25
- S. U. Ethirmanasingham, Sri Lankan businessman and politician
- Julio Iglesias, Sr., Spanish gynecologist, father of Julio Iglesias (d. 2005)
- Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, brother of John F. Kennedy (d. 1944)
- July 26 – K. Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi (d. 2009)
- July 28
- Red Barrett, American baseball player (d. 1990)
- Audrey Callaghan, Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
- Helena Dunicz-Niwińska, Polish violinist, translator and author (d. 2018)
- Dick Sprang, American comic book artist during the golden age of comics, explorer (d. 2000)
- Charles Hard Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
- Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)
August
- August 2
- Gary Merrill, American actor (d. 1990)
- Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram, British army officer (d. 2017)
- August 3
- Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician (d. 2006)
- Pete Newell, Canadian-born basketball coach (d. 2008)
- August 4 – William Keene, American actor (d. 1992)
- August 8
- Alex Schoenbaum, American collegiate football player and businessman (d. 1996)
- María Rostworowski, Peruvian historian (d. 2016)
- Joseph P. Graw, American businessman and politician (d. 2018)
- August 9 – George W. BonDurant, American preacher (d. 2017)
- August 12
- Donald Pellmann, American masters athlete
- Michael Kidd, American choreographer (d. 2007)
- August 13 – Muhammad Ibrahim Joyo, Pakistani teacher, writer, scholar, and Sindhi nationalist (d. 2017)
- August 14
- Vincent Foy, Canadian Roman Catholic cleric, theologian (d. 2017)
- Irene Hickson, American professional baseball player (d. 1995)
- August 18 – Joseph Arthur Ankrah, 2nd President of Ghana (d. 1992)
- August 19 – Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000)
- August 21 – Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman, British lawyer, political adviser (d. 1995)
- August 22 – Hugh Paddick, British actor (d. 2000)
- August 24
- Dave McCoy, American founder of the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area (d. 2020)
- Wynonie Harris, African-American blues, rhythm and blues singer (d. 1969)
- August 25 – Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997)
- August 27 – Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
- August 28
- Tol Avery, American actor (d. 1973)
- Simon Oakland, American actor (d. 1983)
- Max Robertson, British sports commentator (d. 2009)
- Tasha Tudor, American illustrator (d. 2008)
- August 29
- Jack Agazarian, English World War II spy (d. 1945)
- Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
- August 30
- Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, British-born Swedish princess (d. 2013)
- Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003)
- August 31 – Víctor Pey, Spanish-Chilean engineer (d. 2018)
September
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- September 2 – Meinhardt Raabe, American actor (d. 2010)
- September 3
- Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer (d. 2014)
- Eddie Stanky, American baseball player and manager (d. 1999)
- September 6 – Franz Josef Strauss, German politician (d. 1988)
- September 7 – Richard E. Cole, American air force officer (d. 2019)
- September 8
- Frank Cady, American actor (d. 2012)
- Benoît Lacroix, Canadian theologian and philosopher (d. 2016)
- Frank Pullen, English business person, racehorse owner (d. 1992)
- September 9 – Richard Webb, American actor (d. 1993)
- September 10
- Viva Leroy Nash, American murderer, oldest death row inmate (d. 2010)
- Edmond O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
- Robert Sparr, American film director and screenwriter (d. 1969)
- September 11 – Raúl Alberto Lastiri, 39th President of Argentina (d. 1978)
- September 14
- John Dobson, American astronomer (d. 2014)
- Douglas Kennedy, American actor (d. 1973)
- September 15
- Helmut Schön, German football player, manager (d. 1996)
- Albert Whitlock, British-born matte artist (d. 1999)
- September 16 – Eddie Filgate, Irish politician (d. 2017)
- September 17
- M. F. Husain, Indian artist (d. 2011)
- Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, Spanish-born philosopher (d. 2011)
- September 19 – Duffy Ayers, English portrait painter (d. 2017)
- September 20 – Malik Meraj Khalid, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003)
- September 21 – Gertrude Poe, American journalist (d. 2017)
- September 22 – Bernardino Piñera, Chilean Roman Catholic bishop
- September 23
- Julius Baker, American flautist (d. 2003)
- Zdenko Blažeković, Croatian politician (d. 1947)
- Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
- September 24 – Joseph Montoya, American politician (d. 1978)
- September 27 – Ira Colitz, American politician (d. 1998)
- September 28 – Kay Mander, British film director, shooting continuity specialist (d. 2013)
- September 29
- Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d. 2007)
- Brenda Marshall, American actress (d. 1992)
- September 30
- Nadezhda Fedutenko, Soviet red army officer (d. 1978)
- Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)
October
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- October 1
- Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (d. 2016)
- Talat Tunçalp, Turkish Olympian cyclist (d. 2017)
- October 2 – Chuck Williams, American businessman (d. 2015)
- October 6 – Neus Català, Spanish political activist (d. 2019)
- October 7 – Walter Keane, American plagiarist (d. 2000)
- October 11 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author, poet (d. 2009)
- October 12
- José Bragato, Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor and arranger (d. 2017)
- Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (d. 2015)
- October 13
- Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
- Frederick Rosier, British Royal Air Force commander (d. 1998)
- October 14 – Loris Francesco Capovilla, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2016)
- October 17
- Victor Garaygordóbil Berrizbeitia, Spanish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2018)
- H. Basil S. Cooke, Canadian geologist, palaeontologist (d. 2018)
- John J. McKetta, American chemical engineer (d. 2019)
- Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
- October 18 – Thomas Round, English opera singer, actor (d. 2016)
- October 19 – Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol, Dutch prelate (d. 2016)
- October 21 – Aleksandr Ezhevsky, Soviet engineer, statesman (d. 2017)
- October 22 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician (d. 2012)
- October 23 – Shin Hyun-joon, South Korean general (d. 2007)
- October 24 – Bob Kane, American comic book artist/writer, creator of Batman (d. 1998)
- October 27 – Harry Saltzman, Canadian theatre, film producer (d. 1994)
- October 28 – Dody Goodman, American actress, dancer (d. 2008)
- October 29 – William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)
November
- November 1
- Marion Eugene Carl, U.S. Marine Corps World War II fighter ace, test pilot (d. 1998)
- Frances Hesselbein, American President, CEO of the Frances Hesselbein Leadership Institute
- Eva Macapagal, 9th First Lady of the Philippines (d. 1999)
- November 2 – Kay Armen, American Armenian singer (d. 2011)
- November 4
- Wee Kim Wee, 4th President of Singapore (d. 2005)
- Ismail Abdul Rahman, Malaysian politician (d. 1973)
- November 7
- Philip Morrison, American physicist, astrophysicist and professor (d. 2005)
- Jiao Ruoyu, Chinese Communist Party politician (d. 2020)
- November 8 – Richard Luyt, 1st Governor General of Guyana (d. 1994)
- November 9
- André François, French cartoonist (d. 2005)
- Sargent Shriver, American politician (d. 2011)
- November 11
- William Proxmire, United States Senator (d. 2005)
- Anna Schwartz, American economist (d. 2012)
- November 12 – Roland Barthes, French philosopher, literary critic (d. 1980)
- November 13 – Clara Marangoni, Italian gymnast (d. 2018)
- November 16 – Jean Fritz, American children's writer (d. 2017)
- November 17 – Albert Malbois, French prelate (d. 2017)
- November 18 – James Whittico Jr., American physician (d. 2018)
- November 19 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- November 20 – Bill Daniel, American politician (d. 2006)
- November 23
- John Dehner, American actor (d. 1992)
- Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President of Guatemala (d. 1996)
- November 25
- Augusto Pinochet, 31st President of Chile (d. 2006)
- Armando Villanueva, leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (d. 2013)
- November 26 – Emilio D'Amore, Italian writer, journalist, and politician (d. 2017)
- November 28 – Evald Okas, Estonian painter (d. 2011)
- November 29 – Eugene Polley, American engineer (d. 2012)
- November 30
- Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996)
- Emmanuel Pelaez, 6th Vice President of the Philippines (d. 2003)
- Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
December
Curd Juergens
- December 2
- Prince Takahito of Mikasa, younger brother of Japanese Emperor Hirohito (d. 2016)
- Marais Viljoen, former President of South Africa (d. 2007)
- December 4 – Virginia deGravelles, American politician (d. 2017)
- December 5 – Ren Xinmin, Chinese aerospace engineer (d. 2017)
- December 6
- Nilawan Pintong, Thai writer (d. 2017)
- Alan Sayers, New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete (d. 2017)
- December 7 – Eli Wallach, American actor (d. 2014)
- December 8 – Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005)
- December 9 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006)
- December 12
- Felicity Hill, British Royal Air Force officer (d. 2019)
- Frank Sinatra, American singer, actor (d. 1998)
- December 13
- Curd Juergens, Austrian-German film actor (d. 1982)
- Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian writer (d. 1983)
- B. J. Vorster, South African politician, Prime Minister and State President (d. 1983)
- December 14 – Dan Dailey, American actor, dancer (d. 1978)
- December 15
- Kenshiro Abbe, Japanese master of judo, aikido, and kendo (d. 1985)
- Charles F. Wheeler, American cinematographer (d. 2004)
- December 17 – Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist (d. 2014)
- December 18 – Bill Zuckert, American actor (d. 1997)
- December 19
- Ke Hua, Chinese diplomat (d. 2019)
- Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
- December 21 – Werner von Trapp, member of the Austrian Trapp Family Singers (d. 2007)
- December 22 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (d. 2010)
- December 27
- Mary Kornman, American child actress (d. 1973)
- Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999)
- December 31 – Davuldena Gnanissara Thero, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. 2017)
Deaths
January
- January 9 – Yang Shoujing, Chinese historical geographer and calligrapher (b. 1839)
- January 13 – Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848)
- January 14 – Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824)
- January 18 – Anatoly Stessel, Russian baron and general (b. 1848)
- January 19 – Anna Leonowens (Anna of The King and I) (b. 1831)
- January 22 – James M. Spangler, American inventor (b. 1848)
- January 23 – Anne Whitney, American sculptor, poet (b. 1821)
February
- February 3 – Bosnian Serb conspirators (executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria):
- Veljko Čubrilović (b. 1886)
- Danilo Ilić (b. 1891)
- Miško Jovanović (b. 1878)
- February 5 – Ross Barnes, American baseball player (b. 1850)
- February 18
- Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Spanish philosopher, educator (b. 1839)
- Frank James, American outlaw (b. 1843)
- February 22 – Sir John Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. 1871)
- February 26 –Edward Richardson, New Zealand engineer and politician (b. 1831)
March
- March 4 – William Willett, English promoter of daylight saving time (b. 1856)
- March 13 – Sergei Witte, Russian aristocrat, statesman and former Prime Minister (b. 1849)
- March 14 – Lincoln J. Beachey, American pilot (b. 1887)
- March 15 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier, inspiration for the "Lost Boys" of Peter Pan (killed in action) (b. 1893)
- March 21 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American engineer, economist (b. 1856)
- March 24 – Morgan Robertson, American author (b. 1861)
- March 31
- Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (killed in action) (b. 1882)
- Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, British banker and politician (b. 1840)
April
- April 9 – Friedrich Loeffler, German bacteriologist (b. 1852)
- April 16 – Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841)
- April 20 – Daniel Webster Jones, American Latter-day Saint pioneer (b. 1830)
- April 23
- Rupert Brooke, English poet (sepsis from an infected mosquito bite on active service) (b. 1887)
- Frederick Fisher, Canadian recipient of Victoria Cross (killed in action) (b. 1894)
- April 25 – Frederick W. Seward, American politician (b. 1830)
- April 26 – John Bunny, American actor (b. 1863)
- April 27
- William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, English airman, first aviator awarded Victoria Cross (b. 1887)
- Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872)
May
- May 7 – Sinking of the RMS Lusitania:
- Justus Miles Forman, American writer (b. 1875)
- Charles Frohman, American theater producer (b. 1856)
- Elbert Hubbard, American writer, philosopher (b. 1856)
- Alice Moore Hubbard, American wife of Elbert Hubbard (b. 1861)
- Charles Klein, American playwright (b. 1867)
- Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, American sportsman (b. 1877)
- May 9
- François Faber, Luxembourgian cyclist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
- Tony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (killed in action) (b. 1883)
- May 18 – Sir William Bridges, Australian army general (b. 1861)
- May 24 – John Condon, Irish private soldier in British Army, claimed as youngest British soldier to die in WWI (killed in action) (b. 1896)
- May 26
- Emil Lask, German philosopher (killed in action) (b. 1875)
- Julian Grenfell, English poet (killed in action) (b. 1888)
- May 30 – Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1832)
- May 31 – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th Governor of New South Wales (b. 1845)
June
- June 5 – Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, French artist, sculptor (killed in action) (b. 1891)
- June 7 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman, philanthropist in Hawaii (b. 1822)
- June 13 – Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz, Polish military leader (killed in action) (b. 1882)
- June 19 – Benjamin F. Isherwood, American admiral, United States Navy Engineer-in-Chief (b. 1822)
- June 25 – Tok Janggut, Malayan rebel leader (killed in action) (b. 1853)
July
Porfirio Diaz
- July 2 – Porfirio Díaz, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1830)[15]
- July 6 – Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (b. 1850)
- July 16 – Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, most translated American author (b. 1827)
- July 18 – Ozra Amander Hadley, American politician (b. 1826)
- July 21 – Jean Prévost, Canadian politician (b. 1870)
- July 22 – Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827)
- July 25 – Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, French socialite, model for the painting Portrait of Madame X (b. 1859)
- July 30 – Charles Becker, American policeman and murderer (executed) (b. 1870)
August
- August 10 – Henry Moseley, English physicist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
- August 16 – Kálmán Széll, 13th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1843)
- August 17 – Leo Frank, Jewish-American factory superintendent who was falsely convicted of the murder of Mary Phagan (b. 1884)
- August 20
- Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
- Carlos Finlay, Cuban pathologist (b. 1833)
- August 21 – Josiah T. Settle, American lawyer and politician (b. 1850)
- August 30 – Antonio Flores Jijón, 13th President of Ecuador (b. 1833)
- August 31 – Adolphe Pégoud, French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1889)
September
- September 1 – August Stramm, German poet, playwright (killed in action) (b. 1874)
- September 9
- Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker (b. 1839)
- Albert Spalding, American baseball player, sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
- September 11 – William Sprague IV, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1830)
- September 13 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
- September 21 – Anthony Comstock, American anti-indecency reformer (b. 1844)
- September 26 – Keir Hardie, British labour leader (b. 1856)
- September 27 – Fergus Bowes-Lyon, brother of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (killed in action) (b. 1889)
October
- October 4 – Karl Staaff, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1860)
- October 12 – Edith Cavell, British nurse, war heroine (shot) (b. 1865)
- October 13 – Charles Sorley, British poet (killed in action) (b. 1895)
- October 15 – Theodor Boveri, German biologist (b. 1862)
- October 16 – Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková, Moravian pioneer of female education (heart attack) (b. 1868)
- October 22 – Wilhelm Windelband, German philosopher (b. 1848)
- October 23 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848)
- October 26 – August Bungert, German composer, poet (b. 1845)
- October 30 – Sir Charles Tupper, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
November
- November 14
- Theodor Leschetizky, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1830)
- Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856)
- November 15 – Félix de Blochausen, 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1834)
- November 21 – Dixie Haygood, American magician (b. 1861)
- November 28 – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1837)
December
- December 18 – Sir Henry Roscoe, English chemist (b. 1833)
- December 18 – Édouard Vaillant, French Socialist politician (b. 1840)
- December 19 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (b. 1864)
- December 22 – Rose Talbot Bullard, American medical doctor, professor (b. 1864)
- December 31 – Tommaso Salvini, Italian actor (b. 1829)
Nobel Prizes
- Chemistry – Richard Willstätter
- Literature – Romain Rolland
- Medicine – not awarded
- Peace – not awarded
- Physics – William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
Notes
- "The Great Escape". Pawn Stars. Season 4. Episode 28. May 9, 2011. History.
- "No Jacket Can Hold Him", Life, accessed May 9, 2011.
- Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- Heller, Charles E. (September 1984). "Chemical Warfare in World War I: The American Experience, 1917–1918". Leaveanworth Papers, 10. Combat Studies Institute. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
- Johnston, Willie (March 12, 2015). "Centenary of HMS Bayano disaster off the Galloway coast". BBC News. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
- Paull, John (2018) The Women Who Tried to Stop the Great War: The International Congress of Women at The Hague 1915, In A. H. Campbell (Ed.), Global Leadership Initiatives for Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding (pp. 249-266). (Chapter 12) Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
- Simon, Hyacinthe (1991). Mardine la ville héroïque. Jounieh-Lebanon: Maison Naaman pour la culture.
- Jonasson, Stefan. "100 years of women's suffrage in Iceland". Lögberg Heimskringla. Archived from the original on March 17, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
- Shlaim, Avi (2008). Lion of Jordan. London: Penguin Books. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-141-01728-0.
- In Die Weißen Blätter.
- “Washington, Oct. 25.” The New York Times, October 26, 1915.
- Shackleton, Ernest (1983). South. London: Century Publishing. p. 98. ISBN 0-7126-0111-2.
- "Ernest Shackleton, Endurance Voyage, Time Line and Map". CoolAntarctica.com. 2001. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
- Einstein, Albert (November 25, 1915). "Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation". Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 844–847. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
- "Biography of Porfirio Diaz, Ruler of Mexico for 35 Years". ThoughtCo. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
Further reading
- Williams, John. The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914–1918 (1972) pp 43–108.
Primary sources and year books
- New International Year Book 1915, Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 791pp
- Hazell's Annual for 1916 (1916), worldwide events of 1915; 640pp online; worldwide coverage of 1915 events; emphasis on Great Britain
gollark: Wow, SHELF amounts?
gollark: British stirlingpounds™.
gollark: That would cost about £6623.71!
gollark: Exactly 829?
gollark: The others all failed because they went into maths.
External links
- Pictures of the 1915 Galveston Hurricane at the University of Houston Digital Library
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