1834

1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1834th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 834th year of the 2nd millennium, the 34th year of the 19th century, and the 5th year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1834, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century 19th century 20th century
Decades:	1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s
Years:	1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837

1834 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1834 MDCCCXXXIV
Ab urbe condita	2587
Armenian calendar	1283 ԹՎ ՌՄՁԳ
Assyrian calendar	6584
Balinese saka calendar	1755–1756
Bengali calendar	1241
Berber calendar	2784
British Regnal year	4 Will. 4 – 5 Will. 4
Buddhist calendar	2378
Burmese calendar	1196
Byzantine calendar	7342–7343
Chinese calendar	癸巳年 (Water Snake) 4530 or 4470     — to — 甲午年 (Wood Horse) 4531 or 4471
Coptic calendar	1550–1551
Discordian calendar	3000
Ethiopian calendar	1826–1827
Hebrew calendar	5594–5595
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1890–1891
- Shaka Samvat	1755–1756
- Kali Yuga	4934–4935
Holocene calendar	11834
Igbo calendar	834–835
Iranian calendar	1212–1213
Islamic calendar	1249–1250
Japanese calendar	Tenpō 5 (天保５年)
Javanese calendar	1761–1762
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4167
Minguo calendar	78 before ROC 民前78年
Nanakshahi calendar	366
Thai solar calendar	2376–2377
Tibetan calendar	阴水蛇年 (female Water-Snake) 1960 or 1579 or 807     — to — 阳木马年 (male Wood-Horse) 1961 or 1580 or 808

January 1: Zollverein and German Unification

Events

The Buxton Memorial Fountain in London, celebrating the emancipation of slaves.

January–March

• January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states.
• January 3 – The government of Mexico imprisons Stephen F. Austin in Mexico City.
• February 13 – Robert Owen organizes the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union in the United Kingdom.[1]
• March 6 – York, Upper Canada, is incorporated as Toronto.
• March 11 – The United States Survey of the Coast is transferred to the Department of the Navy.
• March 14 – John Herschel discovers the open cluster of stars now known as NGC 3603, observing from the Cape of Good Hope.[2]
• March 28 – Andrew Jackson is censured by the United States Congress (expunged in 1837).

April–June

• April 10 – The LaLaurie mansion in New Orleans burns, and Madame Marie Delphine LaLaurie flees to France.
• April 14 – The Whig Party is officially named, by United States Senator Henry Clay.

• May 9 – The founder of The First Saudi State, Imam Turki bin Abdulla Al Saud, is assassinated after the Friday prayers by Ibrahim Hamza, following the orders of his cousin Mishari.

• May 19 – The Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–35) erupts in Egyptian-ruled Ottoman Syria, encompassing peasant uprisings in Palestine and Transjordan, Galilee and Hauran and the Syrian coast; the rebellions are suppressed with harsh military response leading to thousands of deaths and mostly subdued by August, though Syrian coast uprising lasts by early 1835.
• June 7 – Greek independence: General Theodoros Kolokotronis is sentenced to death for treason, for resisting the rule of Otto of Greece (he is released the following year).
• June 21 – American inventor and businessman Cyrus McCormick is granted a patent, for his mechanical reaper.

July–September

• July 7 – 10 – Anti-abolitionist riots break out in New York City.
• July 8 – Imam Faisal bin Turki enters Riyadh and upon entering his father's palace, assassinates his father's murderer, Ibrahim Hamza, and his master; Mishari, and becomes the ruler and founder of the Second Saudi State.
• July 15 – The Spanish Inquisition, which began in the 15th century, is suppressed by royal decree.
• July 16 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne succeeds Earl Grey as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• July 24 – The Liberal Wars end in Portugal.
• July 29 – The Office of Indian Affairs is organized in the United States.
• August 1 – Slavery is abolished in the British Empire, by the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
• August 11–12 – Ursuline Convent riots: A convent of Ursuline nuns is burned near Boston.
• August 12 – In the Empire of Brazil, the Additional Act provides for establishment of the Provincial Legislative Assembly, extinction of the State Council, replacement of the Regency Trina, and introduction of a direct and secret ballot.
• August 14 – The Poor Law Amendment Act in the United Kingdom states that no able-bodied British man can receive assistance, unless he enters a workhouse (a kind of poorhouse).
• August 15 – The South Australia Act allows for the creation of a colony there.
• September 13 – The Gleaner newspaper is first published in Jamaica.

October–December

• October 16 – The Palace of Westminster is destroyed by fire, along with both the House of Commons and the House of Lords (which are not in session) of the British Parliament. An investigation later traces the disaster to an order from the Exchequer to the Board of Works to destroy the tally sticks that had been stored as part of record keeping, the use of the furnaces beneath the House of Lords to carry out the task, and the failure of authorities to stop the work or to fight the fire after smoke had first been detected, the conclusion being that the fire was "wholly attributable to carelessness and negligence." [3]
• November 14 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne becomes the last Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to be dismissed by the British monarch. King William IV temporarily appoints Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, to form a caretaker government.[4][5]
• December 3 – The Zollverein institutes the first regular census in Germany. The population is 23,478,120.
• December 10 – Sir Robert Peel succeeds The Duke of Wellington, as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• December 11 – The Sixth Xhosa War is characterized by severe clashes between white settlers and Bantu peoples in Cape Colony; Dutch-speaking settlers colonize the area north of Orange River.

Date unknown

• The British East India Company monopoly on China trade ends. It appoints a Tea Committee to assess the potential of Assam tea.
• Athens becomes Greece's capital city.
• The Medical School of Louisiana (later Tulane University) is founded in New Orleans.
• Charles Babbage begins the conceptual design of the Analytical Engine, a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer. It will not be built in his lifetime.[6][7]
• Thomas Davenport, inventor of the first American DC electrical motor, installs his motor in a small model car, creating one of the first electric cars.
• The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina.[8]
• The Romanian language is banned in schools and government facilities, in Bessarabia.[9]

Births

January–June

Gottlieb Daimler.

• January 7 – Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist, inventor (d. 1874)
• January 15 – Samuel Arza Davenport, American politician (d. 1911)
• January 17 – August Weismann, German evolutionary biologist (d. 1914)
• January 20 – Piet Joubert, Boer politician, military commander (d. 1900)
• January 25 – Alina Frasa, Finnish ballerina (d. 1899)
• February 6 – Edwin Klebs, German-Swiss pathologist who discovered Diphtheria (d. 1913)
• February 8 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (d. 1907)
• February 9 – Felix Dahn, German author (d. 1912)
• February 16 – Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist, philosopher (d. 1919)
• February 19 – Charles Davis Lucas, British Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1914)
• February 27 – Charles C. Carpenter, American admiral (d. 1899)
• March 5 – Félix de Blochausen, 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1915)
• March 16 – Sir James Hector, Scottish geologist (d. 1907)

• March 17 – Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer, inventor (d. 1900)
• March 20 – Charles W. Eliot, American President of Harvard University (d. 1926)
• March 23 – Julius Reubke, German composer (d. 1858)
• March 24
  • John Wesley Powell, American explorer (d. 1902)
  • William Morris, English poet, artist (d. 1896)
• April 26 – Artemus Ward, American humorist (d. 1867)
• May 20 – Albert Niemann, German chemist (d. 1861)
• May 23 – Carl Heinrich Bloch, Danish sculptor (d. 1890)
• June 19 – Charles Spurgeon, English Baptist preacher (d. 1892)

July–December

James McNeill Whistler

Edgar Degas

• July 2 – Hendrick Peter Godfried Quack, Dutch economist, historian (d. 1917)
• July 10 – James McNeill Whistler, American painter, etcher (d. 1903)
• July 19 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• July 2 – Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor (d. 1904)
• July 27 – Miguel Grau Seminario, Peruvian admiral (d. 1879)
• August 4 – John Venn, British mathematician (d. 1923)
• August 22 – Samuel Pierpont Langley, American astronomer, physicist, and aeronautics pioneer (d. 1906)
• August 31 – Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer (d. 1886)
• September 17 – Robert Simpson, Scottish-Canadian businessman (d. 1897)
• September 28 – William Montrose Graham Jr., American general (d. 1916)
• September 30 – Louis P. Mouillard, French artist, aviation pioneer (d. 1897)
• October 6 – Walter Kittredge, American composer (d. 1905)
• November 8 – Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner, German astrophysicist (d. 1882)
• November 13 – Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, Mexican writer (d. 1893)
• November 19 – Georg Hermann Quincke, German physicist (d. 1924)
• November 21 – Hetty Green, American businesswoman (d. 1916)
• November 28 – Sophronia Farrington Naylor Grubb, American activist (d. 1902)
• December 16 – Léon Walras, French economist (d. 1910)
• December 24 – Augustus George Vernon Harcourt, English chemist (d. 1919)

Deaths

January–June

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Gilbert du Motier

• January 6 – Richard Martin, Irish founder of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (b. 1754)
• January 12 – William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1759)
• January 17 – Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist (b. 1762)
• February 2 – Lorenzo Dow, American minister (b. 1777)
• February 4 – Amélie-Julie Candeille, French composer, librettist, writer, singer, actress, comedian, and instrumentalist (b. 1767)
• February 12 – Friedrich Schleiermacher, German theologian and philosopher (b. 1768)
• February 18 – William Wirt, 9th United States Attorney General (b. 1772)
• February 23 – Karl Ludwig von Knebel, German poet (b. 1744)
• March 2 – José Cecilio del Valle, first President of Central America (b. 1780)
• March 30 – Rudolph Ackermann, Anglo-German entrepreneur (b. 1764)
• April 5 – Vice-Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin Keats, Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1757)
• April 10 – John 'Merino' MacArthur, Australian farmer (b. 1767)
• April 11 – John 'Mad Jack' Fuller, English philanthropist, patron of the arts and sciences (b. 1757)
• April 29 – Grigore IV Ghica, prince of Wallachia (b. 1755)
• May 9 – Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad, founder of the First Saudi State.
• May 20 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, French nobleman, soldier (b. 1757)
• May 31 – Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman bin Ahmed Al Khalifa, Deputy Ruler of Bahrain (b. circa 1783 )

July–December

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Pedro I of Brazil

• July 12 – David Douglas, Scottish botanist (b. 1799)
• July 14 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution (b. 1763)
• July 19 – Károly Hadaly, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1743)
• July 25 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English writer (b. 1772)
• August 1 – Robert Morrison, British Protestant missionary to China (b. 1782)
• August 7 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor (b. 1752)
• August 17 – Husein Gradaščević, Bosnian rebel leader (b. 1802)
• September 2 – Thomas Telford, Scottish engineer (b. 1757)
• September 5 – Thomas Lee, English architect (b. 1794)
• September 9 – James Weddell, Antarctic explorer (b. 1787)
• September 15 – William H. Crawford, American politician, judge (b. 1772)
• September 16 – William Blackwood, Scottish writer (b. 1776)
• September 24 – Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (b. 1798)
• October 5 – María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess of Osuna (b. 1752)
• October 8 – François-Adrien Boieldieu, French composer (b. 1775)
• October 11 – William Napier, 9th Lord Napier, British Navy officer, politician and diplomat (b. 1786)
• October 21 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby (b. 1752)
• October 23 – Fath Ali Shah Qajar, King of Iran (b. 1772)
• October 31 – Éleuthère Irénée du Pont, French-American chemical manufacturer (b. 1771)
• November 2 – Maria Teresa Poniatowska, Polish aristocrat (b. 1760)
• November 27 – Rosalie de Constant, Swiss naturalist (b. 1758)
• December 23 – Thomas Malthus, English economist, political philosopher (b. 1766)
• December 27 – Charles Lamb, English essayist (b. 1775)
• December 31 – João Batista Gonçalves Campos, intellectual leader of the Cabanagem revolt (b. 1782)

References

1. G. D. H. Cole, Attempts at General Union (Taylor & Francis, 2010) p122
2. Sher, D. (1965). "The Curious History of NGC 3603". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 59: 76. Bibcode:1965JRASC..59...67S.
3. "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp74-75
4. Michael S. Patridge, The Duke of Wellington, 1769-1852: A Bibliography (Greenwood Publishing, 1990) p129
5. Rory Muir, Wellington: Waterloo and the Fortunes of Peace 1814-1852 (Yale University Press, 2013) pp439-440
6. Hyman, Anthony (1982). Charles Babbage: pioneer of the computer. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-858170-X.
7. "Babbage's Analytical Engine, 1834-1871 (Trial model)". Science Museum, London. Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
8. "Railroad — Wilmington & Raleigh (later Weldon)". North Carolina Business History. 2006. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
9. Stoica, Vasile (1919). The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands. Pittsburgh Printing Company. p. 31.