Wynonie Harris

Wynonie Harris (August 24, 1915, Omaha, Nebraska[2] – June 14, 1969), was an American blues shouter and rhythm-and-blues singer of upbeat songs, featuring humorous, often ribald lyrics. He had fifteen Top 10 hits between 1946 and 1952. Harris is attributed by many music scholars to be one of the founding fathers of rock and roll.[3][4]

Wynonie Harris
Publicity photo of Harris
Background information
Born(1915-08-24)August 24, 1915
Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
DiedJune 14, 1969(1969-06-14) (aged 53)
Los Angeles, California
GenresRhythm and blues, jump blues, rock and roll, swing[1]
InstrumentsGuitar
Years active1935–1969

His dirty blues repertoire included "Lolly Pop Mama" (1948),[5] "I Like My Baby's Pudding" (1950),[6] "Sittin on It All the Time" (1950),[6] "Keep On Churnin'" (1952),[7] and "Wasn't That Good" (1953).[7]

Biography

Early life and family

Harris's mother, Mallie Hood Anderson, was fifteen and unmarried at the time of his birth. His paternity is uncertain. His wife, Olive E. Goodlow, and daughter, Patricia Vest, said that his father was a Native American named Blue Jay. Wynonie had no father figure in his family until 1920, when his mother married Luther Harris, fifteen years her senior.

In 1931, at age 16, Harris dropped out of high school in North Omaha. The following year, his first child, a daughter, Micky, was born to Naomi Henderson. Ten months later his son, Wesley, was born to Laura Devereaux. Both children were raised by their mothers. Wesley became a singer in the Five Echoes and in the Sultans and later was a singer and guitarist in Preston Love's band.

In 1935 Harris, age 20, started dating 16-year-old Olive E. (Ollie) Goodlow, of Council Bluffs, Iowa, who came to neighboring Omaha to watch him perform. On May 20, 1936, Ollie gave birth to a daughter, Adrianne Patricia (Pattie). Harris and Ollie were married on December 11, 1936. Later they lived in the Logan Fontenelle projects in North Omaha. Ollie worked as a barmaid and nurse; Harris sang in clubs and took odd jobs. His mother was Pattie's main caretaker. In 1940, Wynonie and Ollie Harris moved to Los Angeles, California, leaving Pattie with her grandmother in Omaha.

Early career

Harris formed a dance team with Velda Shannon in the early 1930s.[8] They performed in North Omaha's flourishing entertainment community, and by 1934, were a regular attraction at the Ritz Theatre. In 1935, Harris, having became a celebrity in Omaha, was able to earn a living as an entertainer, in the depths of the Great Depression.

While performing at Jim Bell's Club Harlem nightclub with Shannon, he began to sing the blues. He began traveling frequently to Kansas City, where he paid close attention to blues shouters, including Jimmy Rushing and Big Joe Turner. His break in Los Angeles was at a nightclub owned by Curtis Mosby. It was here that Harris became known as "Mr. Blues".

With Lucky Millinder

During the 1942–44 musicians' strike, Harris was unable to pursue a recording career, relying instead on personal appearances. Performing almost continuously, in late 1943 he appeared at the Rhumboogie Club in Chicago. He was spotted by Lucky Millinder, who asked him to join his band on tour. Harris joined on March 24, 1944, when the band was in the middle of a week-long residency at the Regal in Chicago.

They moved on to New York City, where on April 7 Harris took the stage with Millinder's band for his debut at the Apollo Theatre, in Harlem. It was during this performance that Harris first publicly performed "Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well" (a song recorded two years earlier by Doc Wheeler's Sunset Orchestra).

After the band's stint at the Apollo, they moved on to their regular residency at the Savoy Ballroom, also in Harlem. Here, Preston Love, Harris's childhood friend, joined Millinder's band, replacing the alto saxophonist Tab Smith. On May 26, 1944, Harris made his recording debut with Lucky Millinder and His Orchestra. Entering a recording studio for the first time, Harris sang on two of the five cuts recorded that day, "Hurry, Hurry" and "Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well", for Decca Records. The embargo on shellac during World War II had not yet been rescinded, and release of the record was delayed.

Harris's success and popularity grew as Millinder's band toured the country, but he and Millinder had a falling out over money, and in September 1945, while playing in San Antonio, Texas, Harris quit the band. Three weeks later, upon hearing of Harris's separation from the band, a Houston promoter refused to allow Millinder's band to perform. Millinder called Harris and agreed to pay his asking price of one hundred dollars a night. The promoter reinstated the booking, but it was the final time Harris and Millinder worked together. Bull Moose Jackson replaced Harris as the vocalist in the band.

In April 1945, a year after the song was recorded, Decca released "Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well".[8] It became the group's biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard R&B chart on July 14 and staying there for eight weeks. The song remained on the charts for almost five months, also becoming popular with white audiences.[9]

In California the success of the song opened doors for Harris. Since the contract with Decca was with Millinder, Harris was a free agent and could choose from the recording contracts with which he was presented.

Solo career

In July 1945, Harris signed with Philo, a label owned by the brothers Leo and Edward Mesner. Harris' band was assembled by Johnny Otis, and the group recorded the 78-rpm record "Around the Clock". Although not a chart-topper, the song became popular, and cover versions were recorded by many artists, including Willie Bryant, Jimmy Rushing and Big Joe Turner.

Harris went on to record sessions for other labels, including Apollo, Bullet and Aladdin. His greatest success came when he signed for Syd Nathan's King label, where he enjoyed a series of hits on the U.S. R&B chart in the late 1940s and early 1950s. These included a 1948 cover of Roy Brown's "Good Rocking Tonight",[10] "Good Morning Judge" and "All She Wants to Do Is Rock". In 1946, Harris recorded two singles with the pianist Herman "Sonny" Blount, who later earned fame as the eclectic jazz composer and bandleader Sun Ra.

In 1950, he released the double-sided hit "Sittin' on It All the Time" backed with "Baby, Shame on You" (King 4330), and in 1951, he recorded a cover version of Hank Penny's "Bloodshot Eyes" (King 4461).[11][12] His risque approach to material at times made his tracks "Keep On Churnin'" (1952) and "Wasn't That Good" (1953) jukebox favorites in the early 1950s.[13] Other lascivious songs he recorded include the earlier tracks "I Want My Fanny Brown" and "Lollipop Mama".[14]

Later career

Harris transitioned between several recording contracts between 1954 and 1964. In 1960 he cut six sides for Roulette Records, including a remake of his hit "Bloodshot Eyes" and "Sweet Lucy Brown", "Spread the News", "Saturday Night", "Josephine" and "Did You Get the Message".[15] He also became more indebted and was forced to live in less glamorous surroundings.[8]

In 1964 Harris resettled for the last time in Los Angeles. His final recordings were three sides for Chess Records in 1964: "The Comeback", "Buzzard Luck" and "Conjured".[16] His final large-scale performance was at the Apollo in November 1967, where he performed with Big Joe Turner, Big Mama Thornton, Jimmy Witherspoon and T-Bone Walker.

Harris died of esophageal cancer on June 14, 1969, aged 53, at the USC Medical Center Hospital in Los Angeles.[8]

Legacy

He was the subject of a 1994 biography by Tony Collins.[17]

Since the end of the twentieth century, there has been a resurgence of interest in his music. Some of his recordings are being reissued, and he has been honored posthumously.

In 2011, Harris's song "Quiet Whiskey" was number 9 the list of Top 10 Drinking Songs published by AskMen.com.[19]

In 2014, Harris's song "Grandma Plays the Numbers" was featured in the video game Fallout 4

Influence on Elvis Presley

Elvis Presley saw Harris perform in Memphis in the early 1950s.[20][21] According to Henry Glover, Harris's record producer, Elvis "copied many of the vocal gymnastics of Wynonie as well as the physical gyrations. When you saw Elvis, you were seeing a mild version of Wynonie".[21] Harris remarked in a 1956 interview that Elvis's hip movements were stirring controversy in a way his own never did: "Many people have been giving him trouble for swinging his hips. I swing mine and have no trouble. He's got publicity I could not buy".[22]

In the television miniseries of 2005, Elvis, Harris was played by Marcus Lyle Brown.[23]

Discography

Charting Singles

[24][25]

Release
date		 Title Chart positions Notes
US R&B/Race charts US pop chart
1944 "Hurry Hurry!" 24 With Lucky Millinder and His Orchestra
1945 "Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well" 1 7 With Lucky Millinder and His Orchestra
1946 "Wynonie's Blues" 3 With Illinois Jacquet and His All-Stars
"Playful Baby" 2 With Johnnie Alston and His All-Stars
1948 "Good Rocking Tonight" 1 Written by Roy Brown, covered by Elvis Presley in 1954
"Lollipop Mama" 8
1949 "Grandma Plays the Numbers" 7
"I Feel That Old Age Coming On" 10
"Drinkin' Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee" 4
"All She Wants to Do Is Rock" 1
"I Want My Fanny Brown" 10
1950 "Sittin' on It All the Time" 3
"I Like My Baby's Pudding" 5
"Good Morning Judge" 6
"Oh Babe!" 7 With Lucky Millinder and His Orchestra
1951 "Bloodshot Eyes" 6
1952 "Lovin' Machine" 5 With Todd Rhodes and His Orchestra
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gollark: ++tel dial MatsWidenBacon
gollark: All of what?
gollark: What is it doing?! Oops.
gollark: Where *are* you?

References
  1. Yanow, Scott. The Jazz Singers: The Ultimate Guide.
  2. "The W Harris Profile" quotes his birth date as August 24, 1913. The profile goes on to say that, on account of his "indifference to learning", "he abandoned school permanently" in 1931; it is more likely he would have left school at age 16 than at age 18, so the 1915 birthdate seems more likely. The later date is supported by all other sources cited.
  3. Demain, Bill. "5 Candidates for the First Rock 'n' Roll Song".
  4. Warner, Jay (2006). On this Day in Black Music History. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 255. ISBN 0-634-09926-4.
  5. Stratton, Jon (2016-02-17). "When Music Migrates: Crossing British and European Racial Faultlines, 1945–2010". p. 53. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
  6. "10 Often-Censored Songs from the Early '50s". Rebeatmag.com. 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
  7. "Risque Rhythm (1950s)". Horntip.com. 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
  8. Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 117. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  9. "Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well" also reached number 7 on the U.S. pop chart
  10. Harris re-recorded Brown's hit in 1948, after Brown wrote and recorded it in 1947. It was later rerecorded by Elvis Presley in 1954, with later versions by Jerry Lee Lewis, Ricky Nelson, Buddy Holly, Pat Boone and Paul McCartney
  11. Burke Ken; Griffin, Dan (2006). The Blue Moon Boys: The Story of Elvis Presley's Band. Chicago Review Press. page 57. ISBN 1-55652-614-8.
  12. "Bloodshot Eyes, Wynonie Harris". Rockabilly.nl. Retrieved 2014-05-21.
  13. "Risque Rhythm (1950s)". Horntip.com. 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  14. Dahl, Bill. "Wynonie Harris, Good Rocking Tonight: Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic.com. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  15. Various artists, Roulette Rock & Roll, Vol. 2: Everybody's Gonna (1994), Castle/Sequel.
  16. Various artists, Shoutin', Swingin' & Makin' Love (1991), MCA.
  17. Collins, Tony (1995). Rock Mr. Blues: The Life & Music of Wynonie Harris. Big Nickel Publications. ISBN 0-936433-19-1.
  18. Harris was one of the 40 inaugural inductees to the Omaha Black Music Hall of Fame in 2005
  19. "AskMen's Top 10 List of Drinking Songs". Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  20. Guralnick, Peter (1994). Last Train to Memphis: The Rise of Elvis Presley. Little, Brown. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-316-33220-0.
  21. Collins, Tony (1995). Rock Mr. Blues: The Life and Music of Wynonie Harris. Big Nickel Publications. p. 112. ISBN 0-936433-19-1.
  22. Tosches, Nick (1999). Unsung Heroes of Rock'n'Roll. Da Capo Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-306-80891-9.
  23. "Elvis". TV miniseries. Retrieved June 17, 2016.CS1 maint: others (link)
  24. Whitburn, Joel (1986). Pop Memories. Record Research. p. 314. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
  25. Whitburn, Joel (2006). Top 40 R&B and Hip-Hop Hits. Billboard Books. p. 234. ISBN 0-8230-8283-0.
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