Finnish exonyms

Below is a list of Finnish language exonyms for places in non-Finnish-speaking areas:

Note that the Finnish language inflects place names where English use prepositions like in and to. These variants can affect any place name and are inflections, not exonyms. For example Mene Birminghamiin means Go to Birmingham.

General

Foreign place names containing a direction such as South or Upper are often translated, e.g.:

North Carolina → Pohjois-Carolina; Upper Volta → Ylä-Volta

Albania
 Albania
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tirana Tirana Tiranë Albanian

Azerbaijan
 Azerbaijan Azerbaidžan
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Baku Baku Bakı Azeri

Belgium
 Belgium Belgia
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Brussels Bryssel Brussel Dutch
Bruxelles French

Bulgaria
 Bulgaria
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Sofia Sofia Sofija Bulgarian

China
 China Kiina
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Beijing Peking
Guangzhou Kanton
Nanjing Nanking

Cuba
 Cuba Kuuba
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Havana Havanna La Habana Spanish

Cyprus
 Cyprus Kypros
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Famagusta Famagusta Ammokhóstos Greek
Gazimağusa Turkish
Nicosia Nikosia Lefkoşa Turkish
Levkosía Greek

Denmark
 Denmark Tanska
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Copenhagen Kööpenhamina København Danish
Jutland Juutinmaa, Jyllanti Jylland Danish

Egypt
 Egypt Egypti
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Alexandria Aleksandria Al-Iskandariyya Standard Arabic
Aswan Assuan Aswān Standard Arabic
Cairo Kairo Al-Qahirah Standard Arabic
Nile river Niili an-Nīl Standard Arabic

Estonia

Estonian and Finnish are quite closely related and share many words that differ only slightly, such as saar (Estonian) and saari (Finnish) for island. Many Estonian toponyms and even people's names are simply translated into Finnish as if they were Finnish words, creating an unlimited number of potentially existing exonyms. Below are only some frequently encountered examples of these, as well as those where the difference is significant.

 Estonia Viro
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Emajõgi Emajoki Emajõgi Estonian
Hiiumaa Hiidenmaa Hiiumaa Estonian
Lämmijärv Kuumajärvi Lämmijärv Estonian
Lake Peipus Peipsijärvi Peipsi järv Estonian
Lake Pihkva Pihkovanjärvi Pihkva järv Estonian
Lake Ülemiste Ülemistejärvi Ülemiste järv Estonian
Naissaar Naissaari Naissaar Estonian
Narva river Narvanjoki Narva river Estonian
Reval Rääveli Reval Estonian Archaic
Saaremaa Saarenmaa Saaremaa Estonian
Suur Munamägi Iso Munamäki Suur Munamägi Estonian
Tallinn Tallinna Tallinn Estonian
Tartu Tartto Tartu Estonian
Võrtsjärv Võrtsjärvi Võrtsjärv Estonian

Finland
 Finland Suomi
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Åland Ahvenanmaa Åland Swedish
Bergö Susiluoto Bergö Swedish
Brandö Präntiö Brandö Swedish
Delet Teili Delet Swedish
Hammarland Hammarlanti Hammarland Swedish
Karlby Kaarlenkylä Karlby Swedish
Kökar Köökari[1] Kökar Swedish
Korsnäs Korsnääsi, Ristitaipale[2] Korsnäs Swedish
Korsö Koskenpää Korsö Swedish
Kumlinge Kumlinki Kumlinge Swedish
Lappvesi Lappvesi Swedish
Lemland Lemlanti[3] Lemland Swedish
Liljendal Liljentaali Liljendal Swedish
Lumparland Lumparlanti[4] Lumparland Swedish
Mariehamn Maarianhamina[5] Mariehamn Swedish
Lumparn Lumpari Lumparn Swedish
Sålis Suolaksi Sålis Swedish

The Swedish names for the above are commonly (if not exclusively) used in modern-day Finnish.[6] Korsnäs in Ostrobothnia should not be confused with other locations in Finland with the same name (see Korsnäs (disambiguation)).

Areas with both Finnish-, and Swedish-speaking inhabitants have endonymic place names in both languages. Due to changing demographics, some monolingually Swedish areas have historical Finnish names inherited from earlier Finnish-speaking inhabitants. For example, Molpe, a village of Korsnäs is Moikipää in Finnish.

France
 France Ranska
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Corsica Korsika Corse French
Nice Nizza Nice French
Paris Pariisi Paris French

Germany
 Germany Saksa
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bavaria Baijeri Bayern German
Berlin Berliini
Danube river Tonava Donau
Hamburg Hampuri
Lübeck Lyypekki
Prussia Preussi Preußen German historic state
Rhine river Rein Rhein
Rheinland Reininmaa
Saxony Saksi Sachsen German

Greece

Ancient transcriptions that do not reflect modern pronunciation are used in some cases, e.g. Herakleion ("Iraklion").

 Greece Kreikka
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Athens Ateena Athína Greek
Corfu Korfu Kerkýra Greek
Crete Kreeta Kríti Greek
Piraeus Pireus Piraiás Greek
Sparta Sparta Spartí Greek

Iran
 Iran
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tehrān Teheran Tehrān Persian

Israel
 Israel
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Dead sea Kuollutmeri Al-Bahr al-Mayyit Arabic
Yam ha-Melah Hebrew
Jerusalem Jerusalem Al-Quds Arabic
Yerushalayim Hebrew

Italy
 Italy Italia
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Pompeii Pompeiji Pompeii Latin ancient city
Pompei Italian
Rome Rooma Roma Italian
Sicily Sisilia Sicilia Italian
Venice Venetsia Venezia Italian

Latvia
 Latvia
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Daugava river Väinäjoki Daugava Latvian
Daugavpils Väinänlinna Daugavpils Latvian
Riga Riika Rīga Latvian
Valka Valga Valka Latvian

Lebanon
 Lebanon Libanon
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Baalbek Baalbek, Heliopolis Baʿlabekk Arabic
Beirut Beirut Bayrūt Arabic
Beqaa Valley Bekaanlaakso Wādī l-Biqā‘ Arabic
Byblos Byblos Gebal Phoenician
Jbeil Arabic
Mount Hermon Hermonvuori Har Hermon Hebrew
Jabal al-Shaykh, Jabal Haramun Arabic
Mount Lebanon range Libanonvuoret Ṭūr Levnon Syriac
Jabal Lubnān Arabic
Sidon Sidon Sidon Hebrew
Sayda Arabic
Tripoli Tripoli, Tripolis Ṭarābulus Arabic
Tyre Tyros, Tyyros Ṣūr Arabic, Phoenician

Lithuania
 Lithuania Liettua
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Vilnius Vilna Vilnius Lithuanian

Norway

For further names, see : Finnish exonyms for places in Norway

 Norway Norja
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Alta Alattio
Bjørnøya Karhusaari
Bouvetøya Bouvet'nsaari
Bugøynes Pyke(ij)ä
Danskøya Tanskansaari
Dronning Maud Land Kuningatar Maudin maa
Jakobselva Annijoki
Karasjok Kaarasjoki
Kautokeino Koutokeino
Kirkenes Kirkkoniemi
Kong Karls Land Kuningas Kaarlen maa
Kvitøya Koillismaa
Leavdnja Lemmijoki
Leavdnjajohka Lemmijoki
Leavdnjavuotna Lemmivuono
Lofoten Lofootit
Malangen Malankivuono
Nordaustlandet Koillismaa
Nordraisa Raisi
Peter I Øy Pietari I:n saari
Polmak Pulmanki
Porsanger Porsanki
Prins Karls Fo Prinssi Kaarlen etumaa
Prins Harald Kyst Prinssi Haraldin rannikko
Prins Oscars Land Prinssi Oscarin maa
Prinsesse Ragnhild Kyst Prinsessa Ragnhildin rannikko
Sjøyane Länsimaa
Skibotn Yykeänperä
Sør-Varanger Etelä-Varanki
Spitsbergen Länsimaa
Svalbard Huippuvuoret
Tana Teno
Tana bru Tenon kylä
Tanafjord Tenonvuono
Tromsø Tromsaa
Vadsø Vesisaari
Vardø Vuoreija Vuorea Kven
Vestfjord Länsivuono

Poland
 Poland Puola
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kraków Krakova Kraków Polish
Warsaw Varsova Warzawa Polish
Vistula river Veiksel Wisła Polish

Portugal
 Portugal Portugali
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Lisbon Lissabon Lisboa Portuguese

Romania
 Romania
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bucharest Bukarest Bucureşti Romanian

Russia
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Note that Finnish was formerly an official language in the Republic of Karelia and is still widely used there, and some places in what was Finnish territory until World War II have been given new Russian names; thus, Finnish names of Karelian places are not all strictly exonyms.

 Russia Venäjä
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Apatity Apatiitti
Arkhangelsk Arkangeli, Vienankaupunki
Belomorsk Sorokka
Beloostrov Valkeasaari
Gatchina Hatsina
Gubanicy Kupanitsa
Hogland, Gogland Suursaari
Ivangorod Iivananlinna
Izhora Inkere
Kamennogorsk Antrea
Kandalakshi Kantalahti, Kannanlahti
Kem (Vienan) Kemi
Kingisepp Jaama
Kirovsk Hiipinä
Kobrino Koprina
Kola Kuola
Kolpany Kolppana
Koltushi Keltto
Kondopoga Kontupohja Kondupohju Karelian
Koporka Kaprionjoki
Koporye Kaprio
Kostomuksha Kostamus Koštamuš Karelian
Kotlin Retusaari
Kotly Kattila
Kovdor Koutero
Kovdozero Kananen
Kronshtadt Kronstadt, Kronstatti
Kuyto Kuittijärvet
Kuzyomkino Kosemkina, Narvusi
Lake Ilmen Ilmajärvi
Lake Kolvitskoye Kolvitsanjärvi
Lake Kovdozero Koutajärvi
Lake Keret Kierettijärvi
Lake Lämmi Kuumajärvi Tyopoloye ozero Russian
Lake Ladoga Laatokka, Nevajärvi
Lake Leksozero Lieksajärvi
Lake Lovozero Luujärvi
Lake Nyuk Nuokkijärvi
Lake Onega Ääninen, Äänisjärvi Änine, Änižjärv Veps
Oniegu(-järve) Karelian
Lake Pyaozero Pääjärvi
Lake Segozero Seesjärvi
Lake Syamozero Säämäjärvi Seämärvi Karelian
Lake Topozero Tuoppajärvi
Lake Tolvayarvi Tolvajärvi
Lake Tulos Tuulijärvi
Lake Yaglyarvi Ägläjärvi
Lake Yanisyarvi Jänisjärvi
Lake Vodlozero Vodlajärvi
Lake Vygozero Uikujärvi
Lembolovo Lempaala
Lisino Liissilä
Lodeynoye Pole Lotinapelto, Pellonlinna
Luga Laukaa, Ylä-Laukaa
Markovo Markkova, Loppi, Lopenkolkka
Martyshkino Tyrö
Medvezhyegorsk Karhumäki Karhumägi Karelian
Moloskovitsy Valkeakirkko, Moloskovitsa
Moscow Moskova Moskva Russian
Murmansk Muurmanni, Muurmanski
Nikel Nikkeli, Kolosjoki
Nikulyasy Miikkulainen
Novaya Ladoga Uusi-Laatokka, Uusi Laatokankaupunki
Novosyolki Novasolkka
Nyenschantz Nevanlinna Nyenskans, Nyen Swedish Former Swedish Ingrian town and fortress
Olonets Aunuksenkaupunki, Aunuksenlinna, Aunus Anuksenlinnu Karelian
Onega Ääninen
Oranienbaum Kaarosta
Osinovaya Rossha Haapakangas
Pechenga Petsamo
Pechory Petseri
Petergof Pietarhovi, Kuusoja
Petrozavodsk Petroskoi; Äänislinna Latter name used during 1941-1944
Povenets Poventsa Povenča Karelian
Priozersk Käkisalmi
Pskov Pihkova
Pudozh Puudosi, Puutoinen, Puudoži Pudož Veps
Puudoži Karelian
Repino Kuokkala
Ropsha Ropsu
Ryabovo Rääpyvä
Saint Petersburg Pietari Sankt Peterburg Russian
Segezha Sege(h)e, Seke(h)e
Seskar Seiskari
Siberia Siperia Sibír' Russian
Sestroretsk Siestarjoki
Shlisselburg Pähkinälinna, Pähkinäsaari Schlüsselburg German
Shlisselburg Fortress Pähkinäsaaren linna Oreshek Russian
Skvoritsy Skuoritsa, Kuoritsa
Slavyanka Venjoki
Soikino Soikkola
Sosnovy Bor Uustia
Staraya Ladoga Laatokankaupunki, Laatokanlinna, Vanha-Laatokka
Stolbovo Stolbova
Svetogorsk Enso
Svir Syväri
Syas Säsjoki
Tikhvin Tihvinä
Tikhvinka river Tihvinänjoki
Toksovo Toksova
Tyaglino Tääkeli, Tääkkeli
Volkhov Olhava
Vuoly Vuole
Vyborg Viipuri Viborg Swedish
Vyborgskiy zaliv Viipurinlahti
Vyg Uikujoki
Yarvosol Järvisaari
Zelenogorsk Terijoki
Zemlyanoye Pummanki
Zherebyatki Serepetta

Saudi Arabia
 Saudi Arabia Saudi-Arabia
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Mecca Mekka Makkah Arabic
Riyadh Riad Riyaḍ Arabic

Serbia
 Serbia
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Belgrade Belgrad Beograd Serbian

South Africa
 South Africa Etelä-Afrikka
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Cape Town Kapkaupunki
Cape of Good Hope Hyväntoivonniemi

Spain
 Spain Espanja
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tenerife Teneriffa Tenerife Spanish

Sweden

Northern Sweden has a Finnish/Meänkieli-speaking minority and thus some place names are derived from Finnish, making them not exonyms.

 Sweden Ruotsi
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Dalecarlia Taalainmaa Dalarna Swedish
Gällivare Jällivaara, Jellivaara Gällivare Swedish Jellivaara is the Meänkieli form
Haparanda Haaparanta Haparanda Swedish Founded with Finnish name
Jokkmokk Jokimukka Jokkmokk Swedish
Kalix Kainuu Kalix Swedish
Kiruna Kiiruna Kiruna Swedish
Luleå Luulaja Luleå Swedish
Piteå Piitime Piteå Swedish
Scania Skoone Skåne Swedish
Stockholm Tukholma Stockholm Swedish
Övertorneå Matarenki Övertorneå Swedish
Umeå Uumaja Umeå Swedish
Uppsala Upsala Uppsala Swedish

Switzerland
  Switzerland Sveitsi
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Geneva Geneve Genf German
Genève French

Syria
 Syria Syyria
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Aleppo Aleppo Ḥalab Arabic
Damascus Damaskos Dimašq Arabic
Latakia Lattakia Al-Laḏiqiyah Arabic

Turkey
 Turkey Turkki
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Istanbul Konstantinopoli İstanbul Turkish historic
Konstantinoúpolis Greek
Troy Troija Turkish Truva (Troya) ancient city

Ukraine
 Ukraine Ukraina
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kharkhiv Harkova Kharkhiv Ukrainian
Kiev Kiova Kyiv Ukrainian
Odessa Odessa Odesa Ukrainian
Poltava Pultava Poltava Ukrainian

United Kingdom
 United Kingdom Iso-Britannia
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
London Lontoo London English

United States
 United States Yhdysvallat
English name Finnish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Hawai'i Havaji Hawai'i Hawai'ian
gollark: You attach it to a hovertank as a booster then eject it, or...?
gollark: RAC?
gollark: Plus nuclear pulse drives (modded), ion drives (stock but expanded on by mod), a mod adding more nuclear drives, etc.
gollark: <@267332760048238593> There are stock nuclear rockets.
gollark: One other fun use for this stuff might be high-velocity landings, assuming they can react fast enough and your batteries have enough capacity.

See also

References
  1. Suomen kunnat: Kökar
  2. http://www.genealogia.fi/seurakunnat/srk?CMD=SRK&ID=228&TYPE=HTML&LANG=EN
  3. "Verbix". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-15.
  4. Lumpari World Water Features Database | WorldCityDB.com Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Svenska Ortnamn i Finland Archived 2007-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, The Research Institute for the Languages of Finland, see "Mariehamn"
  6. Svenska Ortnamn i Finland Archived 2007-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, The Research Institute for the Languages of Finland, see "Korsnäs" and "Liljendal".
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.