Albanian exonyms

Many places have exonyms, names for places that differs from that used in the official or well-established language within that place, in the Albanian language.

Albanian has a relatively small number of true exonyms in areas beyond the current borders of Albania and Kosovo, mostly in neighboring countries, and those are listed here.

In addition, Albanian is a language with phonetic spelling that includes orthographic exonymy, i.e. it renders the names of non-Albanian places and people phonetically according to Albanian orthography. For example, Manchester is written as Mançester, Los Angeles as Los Anxheles, and New York as Nju Jork, etc. These are not listed here.

Grammatical forms of Albanian placenames

True Albanian exonyms, not mere orthographic exonyms, like all Albanian placenames can be rendered in two forms the same way as common nouns, the definite and indefinite forms.[1] These forms are created with postpositions to the placename.

When using English or another foreign language, Albanians tend to use the definite form but on road signs and other similar usage, the indefinite form is used because there is an implied preposition në, meaning "to" or "in", which is followed by the indefinite.[2] Maps, especially those produced in Albania, consistently use the indefinite form.[2]

The two forms are applied differently depending on grammatical gender of the word. "Recommended international usage for Albanian toponyms" in Kosovo has feminine place names appearing in the definite form and masculine place names in the indefinite form. However, in Albania, English usage is of the indefinite for both feminine and masculine placenames except for the capital, Tirana. Masculine nouns usually take the suffix -i and feminine ones the suffix -a (which overrides a final -ë).

Afghanistan
 Afghanistan Afganistani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kabul Kabul Kabəl Pashto
Kābul Persian

Austria
 Austria
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Vienna Vjena Wien German

Azerbaijan
 Azerbaijan Azerbajxhan
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Baku Baku Bakı Azeri

Belgium
 Belgium Belgjikë
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Brussels Bruksel[3] Brussel Dutch
Bruxelles French

Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnja Hercegovina
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Brčko Bërçka Brčko Bosnian
Sarajevo Sarajevë Sarajevo Bosnian

Bulgaria
 Bulgaria Bullgari
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Plovdiv Pl(l)ovdiv, Filipopojë Plovdiv Bulgarian
Sofia Sofje[3] Sofija Bulgarian

Canada
 Canada Kanadaja
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Ottawa Otava Ottawa English

China
 China Kinë
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Beijing Pekin Běijīng Mandarin

Croatia
 Croatia Kroacia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Arbanasi Arbanëshi Arbanasi Croatian
Opatija Opatia Opatija Croatian
Rijeka Rieka Rijeka Croatian
Šibenik Shibeniku Šibenik Croatian
Zadar Zara Zadar Croatian

Cyprus
 Cyprus Qipro
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Nicosia Nikozia Lefkoşa Turkish
Lefkosía Greek

Czechia
 Czechia Çeki
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Prague Pragë[3] Praha Czech

Denmark
 Denmark Danimarkë
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Copenhagen Kopenhagen, Kopenhagë[3] København Danish

Egypt
 Egypt Egjiptë
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Cairo Kajro[3] Qāhirah Arabic

Estonia
 Estonia Estoni
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tallinn Talin Tallinn Estonian

Germany
 Germany Gjermani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kiel Kiel Kiel German
Cologne Këln Köln German
Mainz Majnz Mainz German
Munich Mynih Münich German

Greece
 Greece Greqi
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Aetomilitsa Denckë Aetomilítsa Greek
Ammoudia Spllancë Ammúdia Greek
Anthousa Rrapezë Anthúsa Greek
Argos Orestiko Hurupisht, Rupisht Árgos Orestikó Greek
Arta Artë, Nartë Arta Greek
Athens Athinë Athína Greek
Bizani Bezhan Bizáni
Corfu Korfuz, Qarfoz Kérkyra
Delvinaki Delvinaq
Drosopigi Bellkamen Drosopigí
Edessa Vodenë Édessa
Elassona Allasonjë Elassóna
Fanari Frar Fanári
Filiates Filat Filiátes
Flampouro Negovan
Florina Follorinë Flórina
Grevena Grebené Grevená
Goumenissa Gumenicë Guménissa
Igoumenitsa Gumenicë Igumenítsa
Ioannina Janinë Ioánnina
Kalabaka Kallabakë Kalabáka
Kalamata Kallamatë Kalamáta
Karditsa Kardhitsë
Kastoria Kostur Kastoriá
Kastrion Kastricë
Katavothra Luarat Katavóthra
Kavala Kavallë
Konitsa Konicë Kónitsa
Lekhovon Lehovë Lékhovon
Livadeia Livadhja
Margariti Margëllëç, Margëlliç Margaríti
Messolonghi Mesolongji, Meslonjë Messolongí
Metsovo Mecovë, Meçovë Métsovo
Narkissos Arcë Narkíssos
Othoni Thonuz Othoní
Paramithia Paramithi Paramithiá
Parapotamos Varfanj Parapótamos
Parga Pargë Pargá
Patras Patër
Peloponnese Moré, Peloponez Pelopónnisos
Perdika Arpicë Perdika
Plataria Pllotarë Platariá
Pogoniani Voshtinë Pogonianí
Preveza Prevezë Préveza
Ptolemaida Kajlar
Sagiada Sajadhë
Stavroupoli Kristopojë Stavrúpoli
Syvota Volë Sývota
Themelon Taban Themélon
Thesprotikon Lelovë Thesprotikón
Thessaloniki Selonik Thessalonikí
Trikalla Tërkallë, Trikallë
Tripoli Tripolicë Tripolí
Vuvousa Vuvucë Vuvúsa

Iran
 Iran Irani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tehran Teheran Tehrān Persian

Israel
 Israel Izraeli
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Jerusalem Jeruzalem Al Quds Arabic
Yerushalayim (ירושליים) Hebrew
Nazareth Nazaret Naseriyye Arabic
Natzrat (נצרת) Hebrew

Italy
 Italy Itali
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Acquaformosa Firmoza
Barile Barilli
Campomarino Kemarini
Caraffa di Catanzaro Garfara
Casavecchia di Puglia Kazallveqi
Castroregio Kasternexhi
Cavallerizzo Cajaverizzi
Cervicati Cervikati
Cerzeto Qana
Chieuti Qefti
Civita Cifti
Falconara Albanese Fallkunara
Firmo Ferma
Frascineto Frasnitha
Genoa Gjenovë Genoa Italian
Lungro Ungra
Macchia Albanese Maqi
Maschito Mashqiti
Mezzioiuso Munxifsi
Mongrassano Mongrasana
Montecilfone Munxhfune
Palazzo Adriano Palaci
Pallagorio Puherio
Piana dei Greci Hora e Arbereshevet
Plataci Pllatani
Portocannone Portokanuni
Ragusa Ragusë
Rome Romë Roma Italian
San Basile Shen Vasili
San Benedetto Ullano Shen Benedhiti
San Cosmo Albanese Strighari
San Constantino Albanese Shen Kostadini
San Demetrio Corone Shen Mitri
San Giacomo di Cerzetu Shen Japku
San Giorgio di Albanese Mbuzati
San Martino di San Finita Shen Murtiri
San Marzano di San Giuseppe Shen Marcani
San Nicola dell'Alto Shen Kolli
San Paolo Albanese Shen Pali
Santa Catarina Albanese Picilia
Santa Cristina Gela Sendahstina
Santa Sofia d'Epiro Shen Sofia
Spezzano Albanese Spixano
Trieste Trieshtë
Ururi Ruri
Vaccarizzo Albanese Vakarici
Vena di Maide Vina
Venice Vendik Venexia Venetian
Villa Badessa Badhessa

Jordan
 Jordan Jordania
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Amman Amani Ammān Arabic

Lebanon
 Lebanon Libani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Beirut Bejrut Bayrūt Arabic
Tripoli Tripoli Tarābulus Arabic

Libya
 Libya Libi
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tripoli Tarābulus Tripoli Arabic

Mongolia
 Mongolia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Ulanbaataar Ulan Bator Ulanbaataar Mongolian

Montenegro
 Montenegro Mali I Zi
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Andrijevica Andrijevicë Andrijevica Montenegrin
Bar Tivar Bar Montenegrin
Berane Beranë Berane Montenegrin
Bijelo Polje Bellopojë Bijelo Polje Montenegrin
Budva Buduë Budva Montenegrin
Cetinje Cetinë Cetinje Montenegrin
Gusinja Guci, Gusi Gusinja Montenegrin
Kolašin Koloshin Kolašin Montenegrin
Kotor Kotorr Kotor Montenegrin
Nikšić Nikshiq Nikšić Montenegrin
Plav Plavë Plav Montenegrin
Pljevlje Plevlë Pljevlje Montenegrin
Plužine Pluzhinë Plužine Montenegrin
Podgorica Podogoricë; Anamal, Burguriçë Podgorica Montenegrin
Rožaje Rozhajë Rožaje Montenegrin
Ulcinj Ulqin Ulcinj Montenegrin
Žabljak Zhabjak Žabljak Montenegrin

Nepal
   Nepal Nepali
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kathmandu Kat'hmandu Kantipur Nepali

Netherlands
 Netherlands Hollandë
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
The Hague Hagë Den Haag Dutch

North Macedonia
 North Macedonia Maqedoni
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Berovo Berovë Berovo Macedonian
Bitola Manastir[3] Bitola Macedonian
Debar Dibër[3] Debar Macedonian
Delčevo Dellçevë Delčevo Macedonian
Gevgelja Gjevgjeli Gevgelja Macedonian
Kičevo Kërçevë[3] Kičevo Macedonian
Kočani Koçan Kočani Macedonian
Kratovo Kratovë Kratovo Macedonian
Kriva Palanka Krivë Pallankë Kriva Palanka Macedonian
Kruševo Kruševë Kruševo Macedonian
Kumanovo Kumanovë Kumanovo Macedonian
Negotino Negotinë Negotino Macedonian
Ohrid Ohër, Ohrit[3] Ohrid Macedonian
Pehčevo Peçevë Pehčevo Macedonian
Prilep Prilep, Përlep Prilep Macedonian
Radoviš Radovisht Radoviš Macedonian
Resen Resnjë Resen Macedonian
Šar Mountains Bjeshkët e Sharrit, Malet e Sharrit, Mali i Sharrit[3] Šar Mountains Macedonian
Skopje Shkup[3] Skopje Macedonian
Struga Strugë[3] Struga Macedonian
Strumica Strumicë Strumica Macedonian
Sveti Nikole Sveti Nikollë Sveti Nikole Macedonian
Tetovo Tetovë[3] Tetovo Macedonian
Valandovo Vallandovë Valandovo Macedonian
Zajas Zajaz Zajas Macedonian

Oman
 Oman Omani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Muskat Muskat Masqaṭ Arabic

Poland
 Poland Poloni
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Warszaw Varshavë Warszawa Polish

Romania
 Romania Rumani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bucharest Bukuresht București Romanian
Constanța Konstancë Constanța Romanian

Russia
 Russia Rusia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Moscow Moska Moskva Russian
Saint Petersburg Shën-Pjetërburgu Sankt-Peterburg Russian

Rwanda
 Rwanda Ruanda
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kigali Kigal Kigal Kinyarwanda

Saudi Arabia
 Saudi Arabia Arabia Saudite
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Medina Medina Madīna Arabic
Mecca Meka Makkah Arabic
Riyadh Riad Riyāḍ Arabic

Serbia
 Serbia Serbi
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bujanovac Bujanovc Bujanovac Serbian
Kuršumlija Kurshumli Kuršumlija Serbian
Medveđa Medegjë Medveđa Serbian
Novi Pazar Pazar i Ri, Treg i Ri Novi Pazar Serbian
Preševo Preshevë Preševo Serbian
Prokuplje Prokuplë Prokuplje Serbian
Raške Rashkë Raške Serbian
Sjenica Senicë Sjenica Serbian

Somalia
 Somalia Somalia
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Mogadishu Mogashisu Muqdisho Somali

Switzerland
  Switzerland Zvicër
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bern Berna Bern German
Chur Kur Chur German
Geneva Gjeneva Genèvre French
Genf German
Lausanne Lozana Lausanne French
Lucerne Luzern Luzern German

Turkey
 Turkey Turqi
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Edirne Edërne, Adrianopojë Edirne Turkish
İstanbul Stamboll, Konstantinopojë İstanbul Turkish

Ukraine
 Ukraine Ukrainë
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kiev Kiev Kyiv Ukrainian

United Arab Emirates
 United Arab Emirates Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Abu Dhabi Abu Dabi Abū Ẓabī Arabic

United Kingdom
 United Kingdom Mbretëria e Bashkuar
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Cardiff Kardif Caerdydd Welsh
Edinburgh Edinburg Dún Èideann Scottish Gaelic
Edinburgh Scots, English
London Londër London English

United States
 United States Shtete e Bashkuara të Amerikëes
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Connecticut Kenerik Connecticut English

Uzbekistan
 Uzbekistan Uzbekistani
English name Albanian name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tashkent Tashkent Toshkent Uzbek
gollark: --tel graph
gollark: --magic reload_ext telephone
gollark: --tel graph
gollark: --magic reload_ext telephone
gollark: --magic reload_ext telephone

See also

References
  1. Leonard Newmark, Philip Hubbard, Peter R. Prifti. Standard Albanian: a reference grammar for students. Stanford University Press, 1982. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-8047-1129-6.
  2. Gillian Gloyer. The Bradt Travel Guide Albania. 3rd edition. Bradt Travel Guides, 2008. ISBN 978-1-84162-246-0.
  3. KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI
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