Silver Spring, Maryland

Silver Spring is a census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, near Washington, D.C. Although officially unincorporated, in practice it is an edge city[5] which had a population of 81,816 residents as of 2018.[3] This makes it the fourth most populous place in Maryland, after Baltimore, Columbia, and Germantown, and the second most populous in Montgomery County after Germantown.[6][4]

Silver Spring, Maryland
Census-designated place
Clockwise from top: AFI Silver, Veteran's Plaza and the civic building, Downtown Silver Spring from the Metro station, Acorn Park, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station
Silver Spring (Montgomery County and Maryland)
Silver Spring
Silver Spring (Montgomery County and Maryland)
Silver Spring
Silver Spring (the United States)
Coordinates: 39°00′09″N 77°01′15″W[1]
CountryUnited States
StateMaryland
CountyMontgomery
Area
 • Total7.914 sq mi (20.496552 km2)
 • Land7.885 sq mi (20.420951 km2)
 • Water0.029 sq mi (0.075601 km2)
Elevation
341 ft (104 m)
Population
 (April 1, 2010)[2]
 • Total71,452
 • Estimate 
(2018)[3][4]
81,816
 • Density9,000/sq mi (3,500/km2)
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
  • 20901–20907
  • 20910
Area codes301, 240
FIPS code24-72450
GNIS feature ID0591290
Highways

The downtown, located next to the northern tip of Washington, D.C., is the oldest and most urbanized part of the community. Since beginning a significant renaissance in 2004, many new mixed-use developments combining retail, residential, and office space have been built.[7] Downtown is in turn surrounded by several inner suburban residential neighborhoods located inside the Capital Beltway.

Silver Spring takes its name from a mica-flecked spring discovered there in 1840 by Francis Preston Blair, who subsequently bought much of the surrounding land. Acorn Park, south of downtown, is believed to be the site of the original spring.[8][9][10]

Geography
The boundaries of the Silver Spring CDP (in dark orange) as of 2010

As an unincorporated CDP, Silver Spring's boundaries are not consistently defined. As of the 2010 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau gives Silver Spring a total area of 7.92 square miles (20.5 km2), which is all land; however, the CDP contains some creeks and small ponds. This definition is a 15% reduction from the 9.4 square miles (24 km2) used in previous years.

The official Silver Spring CDP contains the following neighborhoods: Downtown Silver Spring, East Silver Spring, Woodside, Woodside Park, Lyttonsville, North Hills Sligo Park, Long Branch, Indian Spring, Goodacre Knolls, Franklin Knolls, Montgomery Knolls, Clifton Park Village, New Hampshire Estates, and Oakview.

Other organizations, such as the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Postal Service, Silver Spring Urban Planning District, and Greater Silver Spring Chamber of Commerce, each use their own slightly different definitions.[11] The Postal Service in particular assigns Silver Spring mailing addresses to a large swath of eastern Montgomery County sometimes called "Greater Silver Spring," including Four Corners, Woodmoor, Wheaton, Glenmont, Forest Glen, Forest Glen Park, Aspen Hill, Hillandale, White Oak, Colesville, Colesville Park, Cloverly, Calverton, Briggs Chaney, Greencastle, Northwood Park, Ashton, Sandy Spring, Sunset Terrace, Fairland, Lyttonsville, Kemp Mill, a portion of Langley Park, and a portion of Adelphi. The area that has a Silver Spring mailing address is larger in area than any city in Maryland except Baltimore.

Notable landmarks in the downtown area include the AFI Silver Theatre, the National Museum of Health and Medicine, a branch of The Fillmore, and the headquarters of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Greater Silver Spring includes the headquarters of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Food and Drug Administration,[12] and the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in the U.S.

Parks and recreation
Acorn Park, believed to be the site of the "silver spring"

From west to east, Silver Spring is bisected by four major creeks: Rock Creek, Sligo Creek, Long Branch, and Northwest Branch. Each is surrounded by parks offering hiking trails, playgrounds, picnic areas, and tennis courts. On weekends, road closures in the parks facilitate bicycling.[13]

Northwest Branch Park also includes the Rachel Carson Greenway Trail, named after Rachel Carson, the author of Silent Spring and a former resident of the area.[14] It continues north to Wheaton Regional Park, in Greater Silver Spring, which is home to the 50-acre (20 ha) Brookside Gardens.

The 14.5-acre (5.9 ha) Jessup Blair Park, south of downtown, was recently renovated and features a soccer field, tennis courts, basketball courts, and a picnic area.[15][16] There are similar local parks throughout the residential parts of the community.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
196066,348—
197077,49616.8%
198072,893−5.9%
199076,0464.3%
200076,5400.6%
201071,452−6.6%
source:[17][18]
note: land area of Silver Spring CDP
reduced by 15% for 2010 census

2010

Note: For the 2010 Census the boundaries of the Silver Spring CDP were changed reducing the land area by approx. 15%. As a result, the population count for 2010 shows a 6.6% decrease, while the population density increases 11%.

As enumerated in the 2010 census, there were 71,452 residents, 28,603 total households, and 15,684 families residing in the Silver Spring CDP.[2] The population density was 9,021.7 people per square mile (3,485.5/km2). There were 30,522 housing units at an average density of 3,853.8 per square mile (1,488.9/km2). The racial makeup of the community, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, for residents who self-identified as being members of "one race," was 45.7% "White," 27.8% "Black or African American," 0.6% "American Indian and Alaska Native," 7.9% "Asian," 0.1% "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander," and 13.2% "Some Other Race" (SOR).[2][19][20][21] 4.8% of the CDP's residents self-identified as being members of "two or more races." "Hispanic or Latino" residents "of any race" comprised 26.3% of the population.[2] Like much of the Washington metropolitan area, Silver Spring is home to many people of Ethiopian ancestry.[22]

There were 28,603 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.2% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals living alone, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the census area, the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

The median income for a household in the census area was US$71,986, and the median income for a family was US$84,136.[23] Males had a median income of US$46,407 versus US$49,979 for females. The per capita income for the area was US$32,181. 15.0% (±4.9%) of the population and 13.3% (±4.3%) of families were below the poverty line. Twenty-one percent (±9.1%) of those under the age of 18 and 23.6% (±10.6%) of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

2000

For the 2000 census,[24] there were 76,540 people, 30,374 households, and 17,616 families residing in the census area (if all areas with the "Silver Spring" address are included, the population swells to around 250,000). The population density was 8,123.6 people per square mile (3,137.2/km2). There were 31,208 housing units at an average density of 3,312.3 per square mile (1,279.1/km2). The racial makeup of the community was 46.61% White, 28.07% Black American, 0.44% Native American, 8.22% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 11.55% from other races, and 5.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race consist of 22.22% of the population.

There were 30,374 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.0% were non-families. Thirty-two-point six percent (32.6%) of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.21.

The ages of the population were varied, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 37.0% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the census area was $51,653, and the median income for a family was $60,631. Males had a median income of $38,124 versus $36,096 for females. The per capita income for the area was $26,357. 9.3% of the population and 6.4% of families were below the poverty line. 11.7% of those under the age of 18 and 9.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

History

The area that is now Silver Spring has been inhabited by Native Americans for 10,000 years. Prior to European colonization, the area was inhabited by the Piscataway, an Algonquian-speaking people. The Piscataway may have established a few small villages along the banks of Sligo Creek and Rock Creek.[25]

19th century

The Blair, Lee, and Jalloh and Barrie families, three politically active families of the time, are irrefutably tied to Silver Spring's history. In 1840, Francis Preston Blair, who later helped organize the modern American Republican Party, along with his daughter, Elizabeth, discovered a spring flowing with chips of mica – believed to be the now-dry spring which is visible at Acorn Park.[8][9][10] Blair was looking for a site for his summer home to escape the heat of Washington, D.C., summers.[26] Two years later, Blair completed a 20-room mansion he dubbed Silver Spring on a 250-acre (1 km2) country homestead. In 1854, Blair moved to the mansion permanently.[26] The house stood until 1954.[27]

By 1854, Blair's son, Montgomery Blair, who became Postmaster General under Abraham Lincoln and represented Dred Scott before the United States Supreme Court, built the Falkland house in the area.

By the end of the decade, Elizabeth Blair married Samuel Phillips Lee, third cousin of future Confederate leader Robert E. Lee, and gave birth to a boy, Francis Preston Blair Lee. The child would eventually become the first popularly elected Senator in United States history.

During the American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln visited the Silver Spring mansion multiple times. During some of the visits he relaxed by playing town ball with Francis P. Blair's grandchildren.[28]

In 1864, Confederate Army General Jubal Early occupied Silver Spring prior to the Battle of Fort Stevens. After the engagement, fleeing Confederate soldiers razed Montgomery Blair's Falkland residence.[29]

At the time, there was a community called Sligo located at the intersection of the Washington-Brookeville Turnpike and the Washington-Colesville-Ashton Turnpike (now named Georgia Avenue and Colesville Road).[26] Sligo included a tollhouse, a store, a post office, and a few homes.[26] The communities of Woodside, Forest Glen, and Linden were founded after the Civil War.[26] These small towns largely lost their separate identities when a post office was established in Silver Spring in 1899.[26]

By the end of the 19th century, the region began to develop into a town of size and importance. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad's Metropolitan Branch opened on April 30, 1873, and ran from Washington, D.C. to Point of Rocks, Maryland, through Silver Spring.[30]

The first suburban development appeared in 1887 when Selina Wilson divided part of her farm on current-day Colesville Road (U.S. Route 29) and Brookeville Road into five- and ten-acre (20,000- and 40,000 m2) plots. In 1892, Francis Preston Blair Lee and his wife, Anne Brooke Lee, gave birth to E. Brooke Lee, who is known as the father of modern Silver Spring for his visionary attitude toward developing the region.[31]

20th century
The Silver Spring Armory in 1917, constructed by E. Brooke Lee
Silver Spring in 1979

The early 20th century set the pace for downtown Silver Spring's growth. E. Brooke Lee and his brother, Blair Lee I, founded the Lee Development Company, whose Colesville Road office building remains a downtown fixture. Dale Drive, a winding roadway, was built to provide vehicular access to much of the family's substantial real estate holdings. Suburban development continued in 1922 when Woodside Development Corporation created Woodside Park, a neighborhood of 1-acre (4,000 m2) plot home sites built on the former Noyes estate in 1923.[32] In 1924, Washington trolley service on Georgia Avenue (present-day Maryland Route 97) across B&O's Metropolitan Branch was temporarily suspended so that an underpass could be built. The underpass was completed two years later, but trolley service never resumed. It would be rebuilt again in 1948 with additional lanes for automobile traffic, opening the areas to the north for readily accessible suburban development.

Takoma-Silver Spring High School, built in 1924, was the first high school for Silver Spring. The community's rapid growth led to the need for a larger school. In 1935, when a new high school was built at Wayne Avenue and Sligo Creek Parkway, it was renamed Montgomery Blair High School. (The school remained at that location for over six decades, until 1998, when it was moved to a new, larger facility at the corner of Colesville Road (U.S. Route 29) and University Boulevard (Maryland Route 193). The former high school building became a combined middle school and elementary school, housing Silver Spring International Middle School and Sligo Creek Elementary School.) The Silver Spring Shopping Center (built by developer Albert Small)[33] and the Silver Theatre (designed by noted theater architect John Eberson) were completed in 1938,[34] at the request of developer William Alexander Julian. The Silver Spring Shopping Center was unique because it was one of the nation's first retail spaces that featured a street-front parking lot. Conventional wisdom held that merchandise should be in windows closest to the street so that people could see it; the shopping center broke those rules (the shopping center was purchased by real estate developer Sam Eig in 1944 who was instrumental in attracting large retailers to the city).[35]

By the 1950s, Silver Spring was the second busiest retail market between Baltimore and Richmond, with the Hecht Company, J.C. Penney, Sears, Roebuck and Company, and a number of other retailers. In 1954, after standing for over a century, the Blair mansion "Silver Spring" was razed and replaced with the Blair Station Post office. In 1960, Wheaton Plaza (later known as Westfield Wheaton), a shopping center several miles north of downtown Silver Spring opened, and captured much of the town's business. The downtown area soon started a long period of decline.

On December 19, 1961, a two-mile (3.2 km) segment of the Capital Beltway (I-495) was opened to traffic between Georgia Avenue (MD 97) and University Boulevard East (MD 193).[36][37] On Monday, August 17, 1964, the final segment of the 64-mile (103 km) Beltway was opened to traffic,[38] and a ribbon-cutting ceremony was held near the New Hampshire Avenue interchange, with a speech by then-Gov. J. Millard Tawes,[39] who called it a "road of opportunity" for Maryland and the nation.[40]

Washington Metro rail service into Washington, D.C. helped breathe life into the region starting in 1978 with the opening of the Silver Spring station. The Metro Red Line was built following the alignment of the B&O Metropolitan Branch, with the Metro tracks centered between the B&O's eastbound and westbound mains. The Red Line heads south to downtown DC from Silver Spring, running at grade before descending into Union Station. By the mid-1990s, the Red Line continued north from the downtown Silver Spring core, entering a tunnel just past the Silver Spring station and running underground to three more stations, Forest Glen, Wheaton and Glenmont.

Nevertheless, the downtown decline continued in the 1980s, as the Hecht Company closed in 1987 and opened a new store at Wheaton Plaza; furthermore, Hecht's added a covenant forbidding another department store from renting its old spot. City Place, a multi-level mall, was established in the old Hecht Company building in 1992, but it had trouble attracting quality anchor stores and gained a reputation as a budget mall, anchored by Burlington Coat Factory and Marshalls, as well as now-closed anchors AMC Theatres, Gold's Gym, Steve and Barry's, and Nordstrom Rack. JC Penney closed its downtown store—downtown's last remaining department store—in 1989, opening several years later at Wheaton Plaza. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, developers considered a shopping mall and office project called Silver Triangle, with possible anchor stores Nordstrom, Macy's, and JC Penney, but no final agreement was reached. Shortly thereafter, in the mid-1990s, developers considered building a mega-mall and entertainment complex called the American Dream (similar to the Mall of America) in downtown Silver Spring, but the revitalization plan fell through before any construction began because the developers were unable to secure funding. However, one bright spot for downtown was that the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) consolidated its headquarters in a series of 4 new high-rise office buildings near the Silver Spring Metro station in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Another notable occurrence in Silver Spring during the 1990s was a 1996 train collision on the Silver Spring section of the Metropolitan line. On February 16 of that year, during the Friday-evening rush hour, a MARC commuter train bound for Washington Union Station collided with the Amtrak Capitol Limited train and erupted in flames on a snow-swept stretch of track in Silver Spring, leaving 11 people dead.

The Maryland State Highway Administration started studies of improvements to the Capital Beltway in 1993,[41] and have continued, off and on, examining a number of alternatives (including HOV lanes and high-occupancy toll lanes) since then.

21st century
Civic Building and Veterans Plaza

At the beginning of the 21st century, downtown Silver Spring began to see the results of redevelopment. Several city blocks near City Place Mall were completely reconstructed to accommodate a new outdoor shopping plaza called "Downtown Silver Spring." New shops included national retail chains such as Whole Foods Market, a 20-screen Regal Theatres, Men's Wearhouse, Ann Taylor Loft, DSW Shoe Warehouse, Office Depot, and the now-closed Pier 1 Imports, as well as many restaurants, including Panera Bread, Red Lobster, Cold Stone Creamery, Fuddruckers, Potbelly Sandwich Works, Nando's Peri-Peri, and Chick-fil-A. A Borders book store was a popular spot until it closed when the chain went out of business; it was replaced by H&M. In addition to these chains, Downtown Silver Spring is home to a wide variety of family-owned restaurants representing its vast ethnic diversity. As downtown Silver Spring revived, its 160-year history was celebrated in a PBS documentary entitled Silver Spring: Story of an American Suburb, released in 2002.[42] In 2003, Discovery Communications completed the construction of its headquarters and relocated to downtown Silver Spring from nearby Bethesda. However, Discovery, Inc. announced in 2017 that they would be relocating to New York City. The reason for this move, according to Discovery, was to operate close to their "ad partners on Madison Avenue," "investors and analysts on Wall Street," and their "creative and production community," said their CEO, David Zaslav, in an email to employees.[43] 2003 also brought the reopening of the Silver Theatre, as AFI Silver, under the auspices of the American Film Institute. Development continues with the opening of new office buildings, condos, stores, and restaurants. In 2015–16, the long-struggling City Place Mall underwent a complete renovation, had its name changed to Ellsworth Place, and brought in new tenants, including TJ Maxx, Ross Dress for Less (a re-opening original tenant), Michaels, Forever 21, and Dave & Buster's. The restoration of the old B&O Passenger Station was undertaken between 2000 and 2002, as recorded in the documentary film Next Stop: Silver Spring.[44][45] In 2005, Downtown Silver Spring was awarded the silver medal of the Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence[46][47]

Beginning in 2004, the downtown redevelopment was marketed locally with the "silver sprung" advertising campaign, which declared on buses and in print ads that Silver Spring had "sprung" and was ready for business.[48] In June 2007, The New York Times noted that downtown was "enjoying a renaissance, a result of public involvement and private investment that is turning it into an arts and entertainment center".[49]

In 2007, the downtown Silver Spring area gained attention when an amateur photographer was prohibited from taking photographs in what appeared to be a public street. The land, leased to the Peterson Cos., a developer, for $1, was technically private property. The citizens argued that the Downtown Silver Spring development, partially built with public money, was still public property. After a protest on July 4, 2007, Peterson relented and allowed photography on their property under limited conditions. Peterson also claimed that it could revoke these rights at any time. The company further stated that other activities permitted in public spaces, such as organizing protests or distributing campaign literature, were still prohibited.[50] In response, Montgomery County Attorney Leon Rodriguez said that the street in question, Ellsworth Drive, "constitutes a public forum" and that the First Amendment's protection of free speech applies there. In an eight-page letter, Rodriguez wrote, "Although the courts have not definitively resolved the issue of whether the taking, as opposed to the display, of photographs is a protected expressive act, we think it is likely that a court would consider the taking of the photograph to be part of the continuum of action that leads to the display of the photograph and thus also protected by the First Amendment."[51] The incident was part of a trend in the United States regarding the blurring of public and private spaces in developments built with both public and private funds.

In 2008, construction of the long-planned Intercounty Connector (ICC), which crosses the upper reaches of Silver Spring, got under way. The highway's first section opened on February 21, 2011; the entire route was completed by 2012.

In July 2010, the Silver Spring Civic Building and Veterans Plaza opened in downtown Silver Spring.

Culture
American Film Institute Silver Theater

Downtown Silver Spring hosts several entertainment, musical, and ethnic festivals, the most notable of which are the Silverdocs documentary film festival held each June and hosted by Discovery Communications and the American Film Institute, as well as the annual Thanksgiving Day Parade (Saturday before Thanksgiving) for Montgomery County. The Silver Spring Jazz Festival has become the biggest event of the year drawing 20,000 people to the free festival held on the second Saturday in September. Featuring local jazz artists and a battle of high school bands, the Silver Spring Jazz Festival has featured such jazz greats as Wynton Marsalis, Arturo Sandoval, Sérgio Mendes, Aaron Neville and such bands as the Mingus Big Band and the Fred Wesley Group.

The Fillmore is a live entertainment and music venue with a capacity of 2,000 people. It opened in 2011 in the former JC Penney building on Colesville Road. The venue joins the American Film Institute and Discovery Communications as cornerstones of the downtown Silver Spring's arts and entertainment district. It has featured performances by artists Prince Royce, Minus the Bear, Tyga, Wale (rapper), Schoolboy Q, Migos, and many other hip hop acts.[52] In August 2012 R&B singer Reesa Renee launched her album Reelease at the Fillmore.

Downtown Silver Spring is also home to the Cultural Arts Center, Montgomery College. The Cultural Arts Center offers a varied set of cultural performances, lectures, films, and conferences. It is a resource for improving cultural literacy, encouraging cross-cultural understanding, and to build bridges between the arts, cultural studies, and all disciplines concerned with the expression of culture.

Dining in Silver Spring is also extremely varied, including American, African, Burmese, Ethiopian, Moroccan, Italian, Mexican, Salvadoran, Jamaican, Vietnamese, Lebanese, Thai, Persian, Chinese, Indian, Greek, and fusion restaurants, as well as many national and regional chains.

Silver Spring has many churches, synagogues, temples, and other religious institutions, including the World Headquarters of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Silver Spring serves as the primary urban area in Montgomery County and its revitalization has ushered in an eclectic mix of people and ideas, evident in the fact that the flagship high school (Montgomery Blair High School) has no majority group with each major racial and ethnic group claiming a significant percentage.

Silver Spring hosts the American Film Institute Silver Theatre and Culture Center, on Colesville Road. The theatre showcases American and foreign films. Gandhi Brigade, a youth development media project, began in Silver Spring out of the Long Branch neighborhood. Docs in Progress, a non-profit media arts center devoted to the promotion of documentary filmmaking is located at the "Documentary House" in downtown Silver Spring. Silver Spring Stage, an all-volunteer community theater, performs in Woodmoor, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north up Colesville Road from the downtown area. Downtown Silver Spring is also home to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), an agency of the United States Department of Commerce that includes the National Weather Service; the American Nurses Association; and numerous real estate development, biotechnology, and media and communications companies.

Stevie Nicks, of the band Fleetwood Mac has credited Silver Spring, Maryland as the inspiration for the title of the band's 1977 song "Silver Springs". In a 1998 interview, Nicks said "I wrote Silver Springs uh, about Lindsey [Buckingham]. And I ~ we were in Maryland somewhere driving under a freeway sign that said Silver Spring, Maryland. And I loved the name. ...Silver Springs sounded like a pretty fabulous place to me. And uh, 'You could be my silver springs...' that's just a whole symbolic thing of what you could have been to me."[53]

Transportation
Welcome sign on Georgia Avenue

The major roads in Silver Spring are mostly three- to five-lane highways. The Capital Beltway can be accessed from Georgia Avenue (MD 97), Colesville Road (US 29), and New Hampshire Avenue (MD 650).

The long-planned[54] Intercounty Connector (ICC) (MD-200) toll road opened in three segments between February 2011 and November 2014.[55][56][57] ICC interchanges in the Silver Spring area include Georgia Avenue, Layhill Road (MD-182), New Hampshire Avenue, Columbia Pike (US-29) and Briggs Chaney Road.[58]

Silver Spring is serviced by the Brunswick Line of the MARC Train, Metrorail Red Line, Metrobus, Ride On, and the free VanGo. The bus terminal at the Silver Spring Rail Station is the busiest in the entire Washington Metro Area, and provides connections between several transit services, including those mentioned above. This transit facility serves nearly 60,000 passengers daily.

Construction commenced in October 2008 on the new $91 million Paul S. Sarbanes Transit Center, which will further expand the station to facilitate the growing demand for public transportation, due to the increase in population in the Silver Spring area. The new center is a multilevel, multimodal facility which incorporates Metrobus, Ride On, Metrorail, MARC train, intercity Greyhound bus, and local taxi services under one roof.[59] The project was completed over four years behind schedule and $50 million over budget. The center opened on September 20, 2015.[60]

The Purple Line light rail, being studied by the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) is planned to service this station, connecting Silver Spring with Bethesda to the west and then running east to the University of Maryland-College Park and then southeast to the New Carrollton Metro station. Construction was planned to begin in 2015, although as of January 2015 the project had not been fully approved.[61]

In addition to the Silver Spring station, the Washington Metrorail's Forest Glen station is also located in Silver Spring and the MARC train also stops at the nearby Kensington station.

Education
Cupola at Montgomery Blair High School

Montgomery County Public Schools

Silver Spring is served by a county-wide public school system, Montgomery County Public Schools.

High schools

Middle schools
  • Silver Spring International Middle School
  • Takoma Park Middle School
  • Eastern Middle School
  • White Oak Middle School
  • Briggs Chaney Middle School
  • Argyle Middle School
  • Col. E. Brooke Lee Middle School
  • Sligo Middle School
  • Francis Scott Key Middle School
  • A. Mario Loiderman Middle School
  • Thornton Friends Middle School
  • Silver Creek Middle School

Of the public high schools in the region, prior to 2010, Montgomery Blair High School was the only one within the census-designated place of Silver Spring.[62][63] It is nationally recognized for its Communication Arts Program and its Science, Mathematics, and Computer Science Magnet Program, the latter of which perennially produces a large number of finalists and semi-finalists in such academic competitions as the Intel Science Talent Search.

Private schools

Notable private schools in the region include The Siena School, the Yeshiva of Greater Washington, the Torah School of Greater Washington, and The Barrie School.

Saint Francis International School St. Camillus Campus, K–8, is in Silver Spring.[64] It was formerly St. Camillus School, which was operated by sisters of Notre Dame de Namur and opened in 1954. In the middle of the 1960s it had up to 1,200 students. Working-class people were the main clientele. The student population was decreasing by the 1980s as working-class people moved from the area. By the same decade the teachers were mostly lay staff. In the decade of the 2000s the school's financial situation deteriorated. In 2010 the school had 260 students. It merged into Saint Francis International, which opened in 2010; at that time all teachers had to reapply for their jobs. In 2010 Saint Francis International had 435 students at all campuses. In 2014 it had 485 students at all campuses; over 70% the students were of parents born abroad.[65]

Montgomery College

A portion of the Montgomery College Takoma Park/Silver Spring campus is located within the Silver Spring boundary, with the rest of the campus located in Takoma Park. The community college is Montgomery County's main institute of higher education – the main campus is in the county seat of Rockville. Adjacent to the White Oak neighborhood in the outer reaches of Silver Spring is the campus of the National Labor College.

Howard University

Howard University's School of Continuing Education is located in Silver Spring, with its main campus in nearby Washington, D.C..

Libraries

Silver Spring is served by many public libraries:

  • Silver Spring Library located in downtown Silver Spring.
  • Connie Morrella (formerly Bethesda)
  • Wheaton
  • Marilyn J. Praisner (formerly Fairland)[66]
  • White Oak[67] and Long Branch.[68]

Silver Spring Library started operation in 1931 and is one of the most heavily used in the Montgomery County System. It was relocated in June 2015 to Wayne Avenue and Fenton Street[69] as part of the Downtown Silver Spring redevelopment plan.

Economy

A number of major companies and organizations are based in Silver Spring, including:

Sports

The Silver Spring Saints Youth Football Organization has been a mainstay of youth sports in the town since 1951. Located in Silver Spring, Maryland, the Silver Spring Saints play home games at St. Bernadette's Church near Blair High School. The club was formed when two local Catholic parishes, St. John the Baptist and St. Andrews, merged their football programs to compete in the Capital Beltway League after the CYO (Catholic Youth Organization) for the Archdiocese of Washington D.C. discontinued its youth football program at the end of the 1994 season. The name "Saints" is derived from the merging of the two Catholic parishes. In 2009, the Saints moved from the Capital Beltway League (CBL) to the Mid-Maryland Youth Football & Cheer League (MMYFCL).

Silver Spring is also home to several Mcsl swim teams, including Parkland, Robin Hood, Calverton, Franklin Knolls, Daleview, Oakview, Forest Knolls, Kemp Mill, Long Branch, Stonegate, Glenwood, Rock Creek, and Northwest Branch, Stonegate, Hillandale, and West Hillandale.

Silver Spring and Takoma Park together host Silver Spring-Takoma Thunderbolts a college wooden-bat baseball team playing in the Cal Ripken, Sr. Collegiate Baseball League. Home games are played at Montgomery Blair Stadium.

The Potomac Athletic Club Rugby team has a youth rugby organization based in Silver Spring. Established in 2005, PAC Youth Rugby has tag rugby for ages 5 to 15, girls and boys and also offer introduction to tackle rugby for U13 and U15 players. In addition to introducing numerous young athletes to the sport of rugby, PAC has also won Maryland state championships across the age groups.

Media

Silver Spring is served by Washington, D.C. outlets such as the Washington Post and the Washington Times. Several online outlets also cover local Silver Spring news, including Source of the Spring, The Voice, and Silver Spring Patch. Eye On Sligo Creek covers nature and news along Sligo Creek. Silver Spring was served by The Gazette until it closed in June 2015 and by the Montgomery County Sentinel until it ceased publication in January 2020.

The Washington Hispanic has its offices in Silver Spring.[71]

Several notable broadcasting companies currently have headquarters in Silver Spring, including Discovery Inc. and Urban One.

Notable people

See also

References
  1. U.S. Census Bureau (September 26, 2018). Silver Spring CDP – Maryland – Single State Places Gazetteer File (TXT). 2018 U.S. Gazetteer Files. Archived from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  2. U.S. Census Bureau (April 1, 2010). Geography: Silver Spring CDP, Maryland – DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 – 2010 Demographic Profile Data. 2010 Census – Decennial Census. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  3. United States Census Bureau (2018). 2018 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. American Community Survey. Silver Spring CDP, Maryland. Retrieved November 23, 2019. Margin of Error ±5,954.
  4. United States Census Bureau (2017). 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. American Community Survey. Silver Spring CDP, Maryland. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2019. Margin of Error ±1,785.
  5. Garreau, Joel (1991). "Chapter 11: The List: Edge Cities Coast to Coast". Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (1st ed.). New York, NY: Doubleday. pp. 425–438. ISBN 978-0-385-26249-1. LCCN 91010548. OCLC 246864569. OL 1532880M – via https://archive.org/details/edgecitylifeonne00garr.
  6. "Geographic Comparison Table, 2010 Census Redistricting Data Summary File, Maryland: By Place". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
  7. "Silver Spring Regional Center – Downtown Silver Spring". Montgomerycountymd.gov. February 3, 2006. Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  8. "Acorn Urban Park". MontgomeryParks.org. October 30, 2018. Archived from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019. According to local history, in 1840 a newspaper publisher and friend of President Andrew Jackson, Francis Preston Blair, discovered the spring bubbling up through shiny mica sand.
  9. Sheir, Rebecca (April 4, 2014). "The Man Who Discovered Silver Spring's 'Silver Spring'". Washington, D.C.: WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio. Archived from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019. Silver Spring Historical Society president Jerry McCoy at Acorn Park: the site thought to be where Preston Blair discovered the original ‘silver spring’.
  10. "A Brief History of Silver Spring" (PDF). MontgomerySchoolsMD.org. Cannon Road Elementary School, Montgomery County Public Schools. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019. Acorn Park, tucked away in an area of south Silver Spring away from the main downtown area, is believed to be the site of the original spring.
  11. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  12. "White Oak Campus Information". US FDA. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
  13. "Best Natural Areas – Northwest Branch Stream Valley Park". Montgomery Parks. September 13, 2011. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  14. Montgomery County Parks. "Educational Interpretive Signs" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2018.
  15. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 30, 2009. Retrieved January 7, 2007.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. Collins, Donald Earl (September 25, 2010). "Jessup-Blair Park Sign, Silver Spring-Washington DC border". DonaldEarlCollins.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  17. "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING (1790–2000)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
  18. "U.S. Census website". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
  19. Rastogi, Sonya; Johnson, Tallese D.; Hoeffel, Elizabeth M.; Drewery, Jr., Malcolm P. (September 2011). The Black Population: 2010 (PDF). 2010 Census Briefs. U.S. Census Bureau. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  20. Norris, Tina; Vines, Paula L.; Hoeffel, Elizabeth M. (January 2012). "The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010" (PDF). 2010 Census Briefs. U.S. Census Bureau. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  21. U.S. Census Bureau (January 2017). "Race & Ethnicity" (PDF). Census.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 18, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  22. Reed, Dan (September 14, 2015). "DC's "Little Ethiopia" has moved to Silver Spring and Alexandria". GreaterGreaterWashington.org. Archived from the original on April 27, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  24. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  25. "APPROVED AND ADOPTED NORTH and WEST SILVER SPRING MASTER PLAN" (PDF). The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  26. Sween, Jane C.; Offutt, William. Montgomery County: Centuries of Change. American Historical Press, 1999. ISBN 1-892724-05-7.
  27. McCoy, Jerry A. (August 2003). "Silver Spring Then & Again". Takoma Voice. Archived from the original on August 3, 2004. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
  28. McCoy, Jerry A. (February 6, 2009). "Abe Lincoln in Silver Spring". Silver Spring Voice. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
  29. "Interesting Particulars of the Rebel Invasion". Evening Star. July 15, 1864. p. 2.
  30. "The Metropolitan Railroad". The Evening Star. April 30, 1873. p. 4.
  31. Dunaway, Karen. "Edward Brooke Lee". Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series). Maryland State Government. Archived from the original on November 13, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  32. "Work Being Pushed at Woodside Park". The Washington Post. April 15, 1923. p. 46. ProQuest 149333195.
  33. "Jewish Washington: Scrapbook of an American Community | Real Estate Boom". Jhsgw.org. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  34. "Silver Spring Shopping Center Opens Today: Comprises 19 Stores, Gas Station, Movie". The Washington Post. October 27, 1938. p. SS1. ProQuest 151050489.
  35. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. Bradley, Wendell P. (December 20, 1961). "Tawes Vows Study of Beltway Impact at Road's Opening: Study to Dispel Myth". The Washington Post. p. C1. ProQuest 141415305.
  37. "Historic Overview: Capital Beltway". Eastern Roads (Steve Anderson). March 16, 2008. Archived from the original on October 4, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
  38. "Capital Beltway History". Scott M. Kozel. November 20, 2007. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
  39. "Executive Records, Governor J. Millard Tawes, 1959–1967". Maryland State Archives. August 17, 1964. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
  40. Causey, Mike (August 18, 1964). "Throng Attends Capital Beltway's Grand Opening". The Washington Post. p. A1. ProQuest 142191843.
  41. "State officials study HOV lanes for Capital Beltway". The Gazette. September 24, 1997. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
  42. "Silver Spring: Story of an American Suburb (2002)". IMDb. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  43. https://www.facebook.com/abhabhattarai. "Discovery Communications is selling Md. headquarters and moving to New York". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  44. "Next Stop: Silver Spring". Silverspringtrain.blogspot.com. September 3, 1964. Archived from the original on August 27, 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  45. "Next Stop: Silver Spring – Trailer". November 15, 2007. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  46. Shibley, Robert; Axelrod, Emily; Farbstein, Jay; Wener, Richard (2005). Downtown Silver Spring and Discovery Communications world headquarters. Silver medal winner (PDF). Reinventing downtown : 2005 Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Bruner Foundation. pp. 47–78. ISBN 1-890286-07-9. OCLC 71837571. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 3, 2020.
  47. "Rudy Bruner Award: Downtown Silver Spring". www.rudybruneraward.org. Bruner Foundation. Archived from the original on April 3, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  48. "Takoma Voice: News". Takoma.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2004. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  49. Eugene L. Meyer, "A Dose of Art and Entertainment Revives a Suburb" Archived September 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, June 13, 2007
  50. Marc Fisher, "Public or Private Space? Line Blurs in Silver Spring" Archived October 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, June 21, 2007
  51. Ruben Castaneda, "County Opinion Rejects Photo Limits" Archived December 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, July 31, 2007
  52. "The Filmore Silver Spring". JamBase. JamBase. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  53. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved September 13, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  54. Mosk, Matthew (July 12, 2005). "Once Politically Divisive, ICC Slowly Gained Favor". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  55. Shaver, Katherine; Hosh, Kafia A. (February 23, 2011). "ICC toll road opens to traffic". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 3, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  56. Schwind, Dan (November 22, 2011). "ICC opens second segment, connecting Laurel to Gaithersburg". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on February 12, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  57. Rector, Kevin (November 22, 2011). "Final section of ICC to Laurel, new I-95 interchange to open this weekend". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  58. Thomson, Robert (November 19, 2011). "User's guide to Intercounty Connector". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  59. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2008.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  60. "Metro – Bus – Paul S. Sarbanes Transit Center in Silver Spring". Wmata.com. Archived from the original on December 9, 2015. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  61. "Purple Line Part I: To build or not to build a $2.4 billion light rail line". MarylandReporter.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  62. "2010 CENSUS – CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Four Corners CDP, MD" (Archive). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  63. "CENSUS 2000 BLOCK MAP: SILVER SPRING CDP" (Archive). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 22, 2015. Detail 1 (Archive), Detail 2 (Archive)
  64. "Contact Us Archived January 31, 2018, at the Wayback Machine." Saint Francis International School. Retrieved January 31, 2018. "1500 St. Camillus Drive Silver Spring, MD 20903"
  65. Roberts, Tom. "Maryland Catholic school finds its footing amid demographic shifts Archived February 1, 2018, at the Wayback Machine." Catholic Standard, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington. Wednesday, October 15, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  66. "MCPL: Wheaton Library". Montgomerycountymd.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2009. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  67. "MCPL: White Oak Library". Montgomerycountymd.gov. February 4, 2009. Archived from the original on October 3, 2003. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  68. "MCPL: Long Branch Library". Montgomerycountymd.gov. May 13, 2009. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  69. Michelle Chavez (January 16, 2015). "Negotiations for Arts Center at New Silver Spring Library Fall Through". 4 NBC Washington. Archived from the original on December 21, 2015. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
  70. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  71. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved March 19, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  72. "Brady Anderson Stats". Baseball Almanac. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  73. Dalsheim, Hannah (September 23, 2019). "Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Other Montgomery County Natives Nominated For Emmys". Montgomery Community Media. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  74. Rogers, Adam (June 25, 2014). "Pro dreams become a reality for Herd's Bazzie". marshallparthenon.com. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  75. "IMDB entry for Carl Bernstein". IMDb. Archived from the original on August 21, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  76. "Bassist Keter Betts Dies at Age 77". JazzTimes. August 8, 2005. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2005.
  77. "Lewis Black Is One Angry Comic". CBS News. November 5, 2006. Archived from the original on June 16, 2007. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
  78. Bartel (February 25, 2015). "Towson University grad Brandon Broady hosting new BET series". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
  79. Ben Ratliff (April 8, 2011). "He Can Sing It, if Not Speak Its". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
  80. "Rachel Carson biography". Women in History. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  81. "IMDB entry for Crystal Chappell". IMDb. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  82. "Dave Chappelle". Inside the Actors Studio. episode 10. season 12. February 12, 2006. Bravo.
  83. "IMDB entry for Connie Chung". IMDb. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  84. Ramanathan, Lavanya (August 11, 2009). "From Basement to 'Bandslam'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  85. "Davis to Ring Bell at New York Stock Exchange". NASCAR. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  86. Mary Buckheit (February 22, 2008). "Catching up with Dominique Dawes". ESPN. Archived from the original on February 29, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
  87. "IMDB entry for Cara DeLizia". IMDb. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
  88. Eddie Dean (March 13, 1998). "Hard Times and Jalapeño Bologna Internet rebel Matt Drudge's early years". Washington City Paper. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
  89. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  90. "IMDB entry for Michael Ealy". IMDb. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  91. Richard K. Rein (October 15, 1979). "Like His Daughter, Nina, Princeton Math Genius Charlie Fefferman Just Eats Up Numbers". People. 12 (16). Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
  92. "Martin Felsen biography". National Building Museum. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2014.
  93. "Artist Jason Freeny transforms familiar childhood characters into realistic anatomical models". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  94. Jackson, Christine (July 11, 2017). "GLOW's Kimmy Gatewood Talks Comedy, Big Hair, and the Joys of Wrestling". Washingtonian. Archived from the original on September 20, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
  95. "And the Heart Says Whatever". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
  96. "All Voices entry for Keith Howland". allvoices.com. Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  97. "Jazz festival expected to bring thousands to Silver Spring Saturday". The Gazette. August 8, 2005. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
  98. Ahren, Raphael (February 19, 2013). "Dov Lipman's rock solid struggle for a better Israel". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  99. "Museums: Openings". The Washington Post. September 4, 2009. p. T38. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  100. "Joey Mbu". National Football League. Archived from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  101. "NBA No. 5 Victor Oladipo". ESPN. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  102. Walker Lamond. "DC Confidential". Stop Smiling. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  103. Salisbury, Bill (December 14, 2015). "Gretchen Quie, opened governor's house to public, dies at 88". St. Paul Pioneer Press. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  104. "J. Robbins' resonance remains felt in rock circles". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on December 27, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  105. Vernon, Cheril (July 22, 2007), "'Queen of Romance' still going strong", Palestine Herald-Press, archived from the original on January 11, 2013, retrieved August 8, 2007
  106. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  107. "Norman Solomon Interview". November 27, 2007. Archived from the original on April 2, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  108. Stein, Joel (November 28, 1999). "Ben Stein Also Sings". Time. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  109. Cavna, Michael (November 1, 2013). "'Steven Universe' creator Rebecca Sugar is a Cartoon Network trailblazer". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  110. "All Music reference". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.

Further reading
  • McCoy, J, et al. (2003). Silver Spring Timeline. Retrieved August 6, 2003 from "Silver Spring history".
  • McCoy, Jerry A. and Silver Spring Historical Society. Historic Silver Spring. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2005.
  • McCoy, Jerry A. (October 20, 2010). Downtown Silver Spring (Print book). Then & now. Silver Spring Historical Society (Silver Spring, Md.). Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub. ISBN 978-0-7385-8631-1. LCCN 2010923962. OCLC 644650590. Lay summary – H-DC, H-Net Reviews (February 2011).

Documentary films
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.