IL2RA

Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (also called CD25) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL2RA gene.[5]

IL2RA
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1Z92, 2B5I, 2ERJ, 3IU3, 3NFP
Identifiers
Aliases	IL2RA, CD25, IDDM10, IL2R, TCGFR, p55, IMD41, interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha
External IDs	OMIM: 147730 MGI: 96549 HomoloGene: 360 GeneCards: IL2RA
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 10 (human)[1] Band 10p15.1 Start 6,010,689 bp[1] End 6,062,370 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2 A1|2 8.91 cM Start 11,642,807 bp[2] End 11,693,193 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • drug binding • Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity • interleukin-2 receptor activity • interleukin-2 binding • GO:0001948 protein binding Cellular component • integral component of membrane • membrane • cell membrane • cell surface • external side of plasma membrane • intracellular • interleukin-2 receptor complex Biological process • Notch signaling pathway • positive regulation of T cell differentiation • regulation of T cell tolerance induction • inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus • negative regulation of defense response to virus • immune system process • activation-induced cell death of T cells • negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation • MAPK cascade • T cell homeostasis • regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation • cell surface receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of T cell proliferation • negative regulation of immune response • immune response • positive regulation of T cell proliferation • cellular proliferation • inflammatory response • negative regulation of inflammatory response • positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation • apoptotic process • regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway • interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3559	16184
Ensembl	ENSG00000134460	ENSMUSG00000026770
UniProt	P01589	P01590
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000417 NM_001308242 NM_001308243	NM_008367
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000408 NP_001295171 NP_001295172	NP_032393
Location (UCSC)	Chr 10: 6.01 – 6.06 Mb	Chr 2: 11.64 – 11.69 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor alpha (IL2RA) and beta (IL2RB) chains, together with the common gamma chain (IL2RG), constitute the high-affinity IL2 receptor. Homodimeric alpha chains (IL2RA) result in low-affinity receptor, while homodimeric beta (IL2RB) chains produce a medium-affinity receptor. Normally an integral-membrane protein, soluble IL2RA has been isolated and determined to result from extracellular proteolysis. Alternately-spliced IL2RA mRNAs have been isolated, but the significance of each is currently unknown.[6]

Description

It is a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes. Though IL2RA has been used as a marker to identify CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in mice, it has been found that a large proportion of resting memory T cells constitutively express IL2RA in humans.[7]

IL2RA is expressed in most B-cell neoplasms, some acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, neuroblastomas, mastocytosis and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. It functions as the receptor for HTLV-1 and is consequently expressed on neoplastic cells in adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia. Its soluble form, called sIL-2R may be elevated in these diseases and is occasionally used to track disease progression.

Clinical significance

Chagas disease

Infection by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, characterized by a reduction in the amount of IL2RA expressed on the surface of immune cells. This leads to chronic immune suppression, becoming increasingly severe over the course of many years and ultimately resulting in death if left untreated.

Multiple sclerosis

The multiple sclerosis drug daclizumab binds to and blocks IL2RA.[8]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134460 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026770 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Leonard WJ, Donlon TA, Lebo RV, Greene WC (Aug 1985). "Localization of the gene encoding the human interleukin-2 receptor on chromosome 10". Science. 228 (4707): 1547–9. doi:10.1126/science.3925551. PMID 3925551.
6. "Entrez Gene: IL2RA interleukin 2 receptor, alpha".
7. Triplett, Todd A.; et al. (July 2012). "Defining a functionally distinct subset of human memory CD4+ T cells that are CD25POS and FOXP3NEG". European Journal of Immunology. 42 (7): 1893. doi:10.1002/eji.201242444. PMID 22585674.
8. "Zinbryta Summary of Product Characteristics" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 2016.

Further reading

• Kuziel WA, Greene WC (June 1990). "Interleukin-2 and the IL-2 receptor: new insights into structure and function". J. Invest. Dermatol. 94 (6 Suppl): 27S–32S. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12875017. PMID 1693645.
• Waldmann TA (February 1991). "The interleukin-2 receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (5): 2681–4. PMID 1993646. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
• Vincenti F (September 2004). "Interleukin-2 receptor antagonists and aggressive steroid minimization strategies for kidney transplant patients". Transpl. Int. 17 (8): 395–401. doi:10.1007/s00147-004-0750-3. PMID 15365604.

External links

• Mouse CD Antigen Chart
• Human CD Antigen Chart
• CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells gradually accumulate in gliomas during tumor growth and efficiently suppress antiglioma immune responses in vivo
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P01589 (Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha) at the PDBe-KB.