Interleukin 19

Interleukin 19 (IL19) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL19 gene on the chromosome 1.[5]

IL19
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1N1F
Identifiers
Aliases	IL19, IL-10C, MDA1, NG.1, ZMDA1, Interleukin 19, IL-19
External IDs	OMIM: 605687 MGI: 1890472 HomoloGene: 17813 GeneCards: IL19
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q32.1 Start 206,770,764 bp[1] End 206,842,981 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1|1 E4 Start 130,932,656 bp[2] End 130,940,115 bp[2]
Gene ontology Molecular function • cytokine activity • GO:0001948 protein binding Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular Biological process • interleukin-6 biosynthetic process • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway • positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway • positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway • signal transduction • reactive oxygen species metabolic process • apoptotic process • immune response • regulation of receptor activity • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway • negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	29949	329244
Ensembl	ENSG00000142224	ENSMUSG00000016524
UniProt	Q9UHD0	Q8CJ70
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_013371 NM_153758 NM_001369605	NM_001009940 NM_001355135
RefSeq (protein)	NP_037503 NP_715639 NP_001356534	NP_001009940 NP_001342064
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 206.77 – 206.84 Mb	Chr 1: 130.93 – 130.94 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Structure

The IL-19 gene contains 7 exons and is found on chromosome 1. Secreted IL-19 is made from 159 amino acids that create alpha-helix structure.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 cytokine subfamily. This cytokine is found to be preferentially expressed in monocytes and less in B lymphocytes. The IL-19 gene is expressed in resting monocytes and B cells. It is up-regulated in monocytes following stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), lipopolysaccharide, or Pam3CSK4.[6]

Immunoregulation function

IL-19 increases the production of Th2 cytokines in T-lymphocytes and induces expression of IL-10 in monocytes.

Disorder of the IL-19 production probably has an effect to different allergic reactions and other Th1 type athopic and skis pathogeneses, e.g. psoriasis [7].

IL-19 also forms homologs with IL-20 and IL-24 and thus is able to bind the interleukin-20 receptor complex and lead to the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 is necessary for embryonal development and Th17 differentiation [8]. The IL-20 receptors are predominantly found in the mesenchymal region of tissues, lungs and reproduction organs.

A similar cytokine in mouse is reported to up-regulate the expression of IL6 and TNF-alpha and induce apoptosis, which suggests a role of this cytokine in inflammatory responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the distinct isoforms have been described.[5]

IL-10 family

Interleukin-19 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 family of cytokines along with several other interleukins including IL-10, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and several virus-encoded cytokines. It signals through the same cell surface receptor (IL-20R) that is used by IL-20 and IL-24.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142224 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016524 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: Interleukin 19".
6. Chang C, Magracheva E, Kozlov S, Fong S, Tobin G, Kotenko S, et al. (January 2003). "Crystal structure of interleukin-19 defines a new subfamily of helical cytokines". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (5): 3308–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208602200. PMID 12403790.
7. Witte E, Kokolakis G, Witte K, Philipp S, Doecke WD, Babel N, et al. (November 2014). "IL-19 is a component of the pathogenetic IL-23/IL-17 cascade in psoriasis". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 134 (11): 2757–2767. doi:10.1038/jid.2014.308. PMID 25046339.
8. "IL19 interleukin 19 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-07-30.

External links

• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9UHD0 (Interleukin-19) at the PDBe-KB.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.