Alanine aminopeptidase

Membrane alanyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) also known as alanyl aminopeptidase (AAP) or aminopeptidase N (AP-N) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ANPEP gene.

This article is about the cell membrane alanyl aminopeptidase. For the cytosolic alanine aminopeptidase, see NPEPPS.
ANPEP
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesANPEP, APN, CD13, GP150, LAP1, P150, PEPN, alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane
External IDsOMIM: 151530 MGI: 5000466 HomoloGene: 68163 GeneCards: ANPEP
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 15 (human)[1]
Band15q26.1Start89,784,895 bp[1]
End89,815,401 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

290

16790

Ensembl

ENSG00000166825

ENSMUSG00000039062

UniProt

P15144

P97449

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001150
NM_001381923
NM_001381924

NM_008486

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001141
NP_001368852
NP_001368853

NP_032512

Location (UCSC)Chr 15: 89.78 – 89.82 MbChr 7: 79.82 – 79.86 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Aminopeptidase N is located in the small-intestinal and renal microvillar membrane, and also in other plasma membranes. In the small intestine aminopeptidase N plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. Its function in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other cell types is less clear. The large extracellular carboxyterminal domain contains a pentapeptide consensus sequence characteristic of members of the zinc-binding metalloproteinase superfamily. Sequence comparisons with known enzymes of this class showed that CD13 and aminopeptidase N are identical. The latter enzyme was thought to be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides by diverse cell types, including small intestinal and renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and synaptic membranes from the CNS. Defects in this gene appear to be a cause of various types of leukemia or lymphoma.[5]

AAP is also used by some viruses as a receptor to which these viruses bind to and then enter cells. It is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E, feline coronavirus serotype II (FCoV-II), TGEV, PEDV[6] and canine coronavirus genotype II (CCoV-II).[7]

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References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000166825 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039062 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: ANPEP alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase N, aminopeptidase M, microsomal aminopeptidase, CD13, p150)".
  6. Jaimes JA, et al. (2020). "A tale of two viruses: the distinct spike glycoproteins of feline coronaviruses". Viruses. 12 (1). doi:10.3390/v12010083. PMC 7019228. PMID 31936749.
  7. Licitra BN, et al. (2014). "Genotypic characterization of canine coronaviruses associated with fatal canine neonatal enteritis in the United States". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 52 (12): 4230–4238. doi:10.1128/JCM.02158-14. PMC 4313292. PMID 25253797.

Further reading


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