List of state leaders in the 18th century

This is a list of state leaders in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, except for the many leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.

See also: List of governors of dependent territories in the 18th century

See also: List of state leaders in the 18th-century Holy Roman Empire

State leaders in the 17th century – State leaders in the 19th century – State leaders by year

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 18th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

Angola

• Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) –

• João II of Lemba, Awenekongo, Lemba claimant (1680–1716)
• Manuel of Lovata, Awenekongo, Mbamba Lovata claimant (1678–1715)
• Pedro IV, Awenekongo, Kibangu claimant (1695–1709), Manikongo (1709–1718)
• Manuel II, Manikongo (1718–1743)
• Garcia IV, Manikongo (1743–1752)
• Manuel II, Manikongo (1752–post-1758)
• Nicolau I, Manikongo (mid-18th century)
• Afonso IV, Manikongo (mid-18th century)
• António II, Manikongo (mid-18th century)
• Sebastião I, Manikongo (?–1763)
• Pedro V, Manikongo (1763–1764)
• Álvaro XI, Manikongo (1764–1778)
• José I, Manikongo (1778–1785)
• Afonso V, Manikongo (1785–1787)
• Álvaro XII, Manikongo (1787–?)
• Alexio I, Manikongo (?–1793)
• Joaquim I, Manikongo (1793–1794)
• Henrique II, Manikongo (1794–1803)

• Kingdom of Matamba (complete list) –

• Verónica I, Queen (1681–1721)
• Afonso I, King (1721–1741)
• Ana II, Queen (1741–1756)
• Verónica II, Queen (1756–1758)
• Ana III, Queen (1758–?)
• Francisco II, King (late 18th century)

• Portuguese Angola (complete list) –

Colony, 1575–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

• Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) –

• Koutou, Mfon (1672–1757)
• Mbouombouo, Mfon (1757–1814)

Central African Republic

Chad

• Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) –

• ‘Abdul Qadir I, Mbangi (1680–1707)
• Bar, Mbangi (1707–1722)
• Wanja, Mbangi (1722–1736)
• Burkomanda II Tad Lele, Mbangi (1736–1741)
• Loel, Mbangi (1741–1751)
• Hajji Mohammed al'Amin, Mbangi (1751–1785)
• ‘Abd ar-Rahman Gawrang, Mbangi (1785–1806)

• Wadai Empire (complete list) –

• Muhammad Salih Derret ibn Jawda, Kolak (1795–1803)

Congo: Belgian

• Kuba Kingdom (complete list)[1] –

• KotomBoke, Nyim (17th or 18th century)
• Golo Shanga, Nyim (18th century)
• Misha Mishanga Shanga, Nyim (18th century)
• Bokare Che, Nyim (18th century)
• Bushabun Che, Nyim (18th century)
• Koto Che, Nyim (18th century)
• Misha Pelenge Che, Nyim (18th century)
• Bope Pelenge, Nyim (18th century)
• Kata Mbula, Nyim (1776–1810)

• Lunda Empire (complete list) –

• Mbala I Yaav, Mwaant Yaav (c.1690–c.1720)
• Mukaz Munying Kabalond, Mwaant Yaav (c.1720)
• Muteba I Kat Kateng, Mwaant Yaav (c.1720–c.1750)
• Mukaz Waranankong, Mwaant Yaav (c.1750–c.1767)
• Nawej Mufa Muchimbunj, Mwaant Yaav (c.1767–c.1775)
• Cikombe Yaava, Mwaant Yaav (c.1775–c.1800)

Congo: French

• Kingdom of Loango (complete list) –

• N'Gangue M'voumbe Nombo, King (?–1766)
• N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso, King (1773–1787)

Equatorial Guinea

• Spanish Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1778–1968

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Gabon

• Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) –

• Reto Ndongo, Founder (c.1700–?)
• Ndébulia Mburu, Agamwinboni (c.1730–?)
• Rénjangué Ndongo, Agamwinboni (?–1750)
• Rénkondjé, Agamwinboni (c.1750)
• Ngwèrangu'Iwono, Agamwinboni (c.1750–1790)
• Ndombe, Agamwinboni (1790)
• Rénwombi "Mpolo", Agamwinboni (1790–1810)

São Tomé and Príncipe

• Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) –

Colony, 1470–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Africa: East

Great Lakes area

Burundi

• Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) –

• Ntare I, King (c.1680–c.1709)
• Mwezi III, King (c.1709–c.1739)
• Mutaga III, King (c.1739–c.1767)
• Mwambutsa I, King (c.1767–c.1796)
• Ntare IV, King (c.1796–c.1850)

Kenya

• Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) –

• ‘Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1746–1755)
• Masud ibn Naisr al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1755–1773)
• Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1773–1782)
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1782–1811)

Rwanda

• Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) –

• Cyilima II Rujugira, King (1675–1708)
• Kigeli III Ndabarasa, King (1708–1741)
• Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo, King (1741–1746)
• Yuhi IV Gahindiro, King (1746–1802)

Tanzania

Uganda

• Ankole (complete list) –

• Macwa, Omugabe (c.1727–c.1755)
• Rwabirere, Omugabe (c.1755–1783)
• Kahaya I, Omugabe (1783–?)

• Buganda (complete list) –

• Kayemba, Kabaka (c.1690–c.1704)
• Tebandeke, Kabaka (c.1704–c.1724)
• Ndawula, Kabaka (c.1724–c.1734)
• Kagulu, Kabaka (c.1734–c.1736)
• Kikulwe, Kabaka (c.1736–c.1738)
• Mawanda. c.1738–c.1740)
• Mwanga I, Kabaka (c.1740–c.1741)
• Namuggala, Kabaka (c.1741–c.1750)
• Kyabaggu, Kabaka (c.1750–c.1780)
• Jjunju, Kabaka (c.1780–c.1797)
• Semakookiro, Kabaka (c.1797–c.1814)

• Bunyoro (complete list) –

• Kyebambe II, Omukama
• Olimi III, Omukama (c.1710–1731)
• Duhaga, Omukama (1731–c.1782)
• Olimi IV, Omukama (c.1782–1786)
• Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama (1786–1835)

Horn of Africa area

Djibouti

Eritrea

Ethiopia

• Ethiopian Empire (complete list) –

Solomonic dynasty

• Iyasu I, Emperor (1682–1706)
• Tekle Haymanot I, Emperor (1706–1708)
• Tewoflos, Emperor (1708–1711)
• Yostos, Emperor (1711–1716)
• Dawit III, Emperor (1716–1721)
• Bakaffa, Emperor (1721–1730)
• Iyasu II, Emperor (1730–1755)
• Iyoas I, Emperor (1755–1769)

Zemene Mesafint

• Yohannes II, Emperor (1769)
• Tekle Haymanot II, Emperor (1769–1770)
• Susenyos II, Emperor (1770)
• Tekle Haymanot II, Emperor (1770–1777)
• Salomon II, Emperor (1777–1779)
• Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1779–1784)
• Iyasu III, Emperor (1784–1788)
• Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1788–1789)
• Hezqeyas, Emperor (1789–1794)
• Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1794–1795)
• Baeda Maryam II, Emperor (1795)
• Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1795–1796)
• Salomon III, Emperor (1796–1797)
• Yonas, Emperor (1797–1798)
• Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1798–1799)
• Salomon III, Emperor (1799)
• Demetros, Emperor (1799–1800)
• Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1800)
• Demetros, Emperor (1800–1801)

• Sultanate of Aussa (complete list) –

• Kadhafo, Sultan (1734–1749)
• Kadhafo Mahammad ibn Kadhafo, Sultan (1749–1779)
• Aydahis ibn Kadhafo Mahammad, Sultan (1779–1801)

• Kingdom of Garo (complete list)[2] –

• Leliso, Tato (1690–1720)
• Wako, Tato (1720–1740)
• Malko, Tato (1740–1760)
• Gabito, Tato (1760–1780)
• Chaso, usurper Tato, (1780–1790)
• Dukamo, Tato (1790–1845)

• Kingdom of Gomma (complete list)[3] –

• Mijyu, Moti (?–c.1820)
• Abba Manno, Moti (c.1820–c.1840)

• Kingdom of Gumma (complete list)[4] –

• Adam, Moti, Founder (late 18th century)
• Oncho, Moti (c.1795)

• Kingdom of Jimma (complete list) –

• Abba Faro, Moti (late 18th century)
• Abba Magal, Moti (c.1800)

• Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)[5] –

• Gali Ginocho or Tan Ginok, King (1675–1710)
• Gaki Gaocho or Otti Sheroch, King (1710–1742)
• Gali Gaocho or Kanechoch, King (1742–1775)
• Shagi Sherocho or Gali Keffoch, King (1775–1795)
• Beshi Ginocho or Kaye Sheroch, King (1795–1798)
• Hoti Gaocho or Beshi Sheroch, King (1798–1821)

• Ennarea (complete list)[6] –

• Shisafocho, Hinnare-tato (early 18th century)
• Sacho Nechocho, Hinnare-tato (c.1750)
• Tekle Sachi, Hinnare-tato (late 18th century)

• Welayta (complete list)[7] –

• Kote, Kawa (18th century)
• Libana, Kawa (18th century)
• Tube, Kawo (?–1761)
• Ogatto, Kawo (1761–1800)
• Amado, Kawo (1800–1835)

Somalia

• Warsangali Sultanate (complete list) –

• Garaad Naleye, King (1675–1705)
• Garaad Mohamed, King (1705–1750)
• Garaad Ali, King (1750–1789)
• Garaad Mohamud Ali, King (1789–1830)

Indian Ocean

Comoros

• Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) –

• Alimah III, Sultan/female ruler (c.1676–c.1711)
• Salim of Johanna, Sultan (c.1711–c.1741)
• Saidi Ahamd, Sultan (c.1741–c.1782)
• Abdallah I (Alimiah), de facto ruler (c.1782–c.1788)
• Halimah IV, Sultan (c.1788–c.1792)
• Abdallah I (Alimiah), de facto ruler (c.1792–c.1796)
• Alawi bin Husain, Sultan (1796–1816)

Madagascar

• Merina Kingdom (complete list) –

• Andriamasinavalona, King (1675–1710)
• Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka, King (1710–1730)
• Andriambelomasina, King (1730–1770)
• Andrianjafynandriamanitra, King (1770–1787)
• Andrianampoinimerina, King (1787–1810)

Mauritius

• Isle de France (complete list) –

French colony, 1715–1810

For details see France under western Europe

Seychelles

Africa: Northcentral

Libya

• Karamanli dynasty of Ottoman Tripolitania (complete list) –

• Ahmed I, Pasha (1711–1745)
• Mehmed, Pasha (1745–1754)
• Ali I, Pasha (1754–1793)
• Ali Burghul, Pasha (1793–1795)
• Ahmed II, Pasha (1795)
• Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha (1795–1832)

Tunisia

• Eyalet of Tunis –

• Ibrahim Sharif, Bey (1702–1705)

• Beylik of Tunis (complete list) –

• Al-Husayn I ibn Ali, Bey (1705–1735)
• Abu l-Hasan Ali I, Bey (1735–1756)
• Muhammad I ar-Rashid, Bey (1756–1759)
• Ali II ibn Hussein, Bey (1759–1782)
• Hammuda ibn Ali, Bey (1782–1814)

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Sudan

• Sultanate of Darfur (complete list) –

• Ahmad Bukr, Sultan (early 18th century–c.1730)
• Muhammad Dawra, Sultan (c.1730–?)
• Umar Lel, Sultan (?–c.1752/3)
• Abu'l Qasim, Sultan (c.1752/3–?)
• Muhammad Tayrab, Sultan (?–1785/6)
• Abd al-Rahman, Sultan (1785/6–c.1801)

• Funj Sultanate of Sennar (complete list) –

• Badi III, Sultan (1692–1716)[8][9]
• Unsa III, Sultan (1719–1720)
• Nul, Sultan (1720–1724)
• Badi IV, Sultan (1724–1762)

• Hamaj Regency of Sennar

• Sultans (complete list) –

• Nasir, Sultan (1762–1769)[8][9]
• Isma'il, Sultan (1768–1776)
• Adlan II, Sultan (1776–1789)
• Awkal, Sultan (1787–1788)
• Tayyib II, Sultan (1788–1790)
• Badi V, Sultan (1790)
• Nawwar, Sultan (1790–1791)
• Badi VI, Sultan (1791–1798)
• Ranfi, Sultan (1798–1804)

• Regents (complete list) –

• Muhammad Abu Likayik, Regent (1762/69–1775/6)[10]
• Badi walad Rajab, Regent (1775/6–1780)
• Rajab, Regent (1780–1786/7)
• Nasir, Regent (1786/7–1798)
• Idris wad Abu Likayik, Regent (1798–1804)

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

• Regency of Algiers (Sultans / Governors) –

Vassal state, 1671–1830

• Hadji Mustapha, Dey (1700–1710)
• Deli Ibrahim, Dey (1710)
• Ali Chauch, Dey (1710–1718), Pasha, (1718)
• Muhammad III ben Hassan, Pasha-Dey (1718–1724)
• Abdy Pasha, Pasha-Dey (1724–1732)
• Ibrahim ben Ramdan, Pasha-Dey (1732–1745)
• Kutchuk Ibrahim, Pasha-Dey (1745–1748)
• Muhammed IV, Pasha-Dey (1748–1754)
• Baba Ali II, Pasha-Dey (1754–1766)
• Muhammad V ben Othman, Pasha-Dey (1766–1791)
• Baba Hassan, Pasha-Dey (1791–1799)

Morocco

• Morocco: Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –

• Ismail Ibn Sharif, Sultan (1672–1727)
• Abu'l Abbas Ahmad, Sultan (1727–1728, 1728–1729)
• Abdalmalik, Sultan (1728)
• Ali, Sultan (1734–1736)
• Mohammed II, Sultan (1736–1738)
• Zin al-Abidin, Sultan (1741)
• Al-Mostadi, Sultan (1738–1740, 1742–1743, 1747–1748)
• Abdallah, Sultan (1729–1734, 1736–1736, 1740–1741, 1741–1742, 1743–1747, 1748–1757)
• Mohammed III, Sultan (1757–1790)
• Yazid, Sultan (1790–1792)
• Slimane, Sultan (1792–1822)

Africa: South

Botswana

Lesotho

Malawi

Mozambique

• Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) –

Colony, 1498–1972

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Namibia

• Gciriku (complete list) –

• Shimwemwe, ruler (1785–1805)

South Africa

• Zulu Kingdom (complete list) –

(1700s–1897)

• Senzangakhona kaJama, King (1781–1816)

• Dutch Cape Colony (complete list) –

British occupation, 1795–1803

• Cape Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1795–1910

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Swaziland

• Kingdom of Swaziland

• Kings (complete list) –

• Ngwane III, King (1745–1780)
• Ndvungunye, King (1780–1815)

• tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

• LaYaka Ndwandwe, Ndlovukati (1745–1780), Queen Regent (1780)
• Lomvula Mndzebele, Ndlovukati (1780–1815), Queen Regent (1815)

Zambia

• Kazembe –

• Lukwesa Ilunga, Mwata (1760–1805)

Zimbabwe

Africa: West

Benin

• Benin Empire (complete list) –

• Ore-Oghene, Oba (1689–1701)[11]
• Ewuakpe, Oba (1701–1712)
• Ozuere, Oba (1712–1713)
• Akenzua I, Oba (1713–1740)
• Eresoyen, Oba (1740–1750)
• Akengbuda, Oba (1750–1804)

• Ketu (Benin) (complete list) –

• Ajibolu, Oba (1795–1816)

• Dahomey (complete list) –

• Akaba, King (1685–1716)
• Hangbe, King (1716–1718)
• Agaja, King (1718–1740)

Vassal of the Oyo Empire, 1740–1823

• Tegbessou, King (1740–1774)
• Kpengla, King (1774–1789)
• Agonglo, King (1789–1797)
• Adandozan, King (1797–1818)

Burkina Faso

• Mossi Kingdom of Gwiriko (complete list) –

• Famaghan Wattara, ruler (1714–1729)
• Famaghan dan Tyeba, ruler (1729–1742)
• Kere Massa Wattara, ruler (1742–1749)
• Magan Wule Wattara, ruler (1749–1809)

• Mossi Kingdom of Liptako (complete list) –

• Brahima bi Saydu, Ja-oro (1758–1810)

• Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) –

• Lissoangui, Nunbado (1684–1709)
• Yendabri, Nunbado (1709–c.1736)
• Yembrima, Nunbado (1736–1791)
• Baahamma, Nunbado (1791–1822)

• Mossi Kingdom of Wogodogo (complete list) –

• Naaba Dulugu, Moogo-naaba (1783–1802)

• Mossi Kingdom of Yatenga (complete list) –

• Naaba Yadega, Yatenga naaba (c.18th century)
• Naaba Yolomfaogoma, Yatenga naaba (c.18th century)
• Naaba Kourita, Yatenga naaba (18th century)
• Naaba Geda, Yatenga naaba (18th century)
• Naaba Wobgho I, Yatenga naaba (18th century)
• Naaba Kango, Yatenga naaba (1754–1787)
• Rima Naaba Saaga, Yatenga naaba (1787–1803)

Cape Verde

• Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) –

Colony, 1462–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Gambia

Ghana

• Kingdom of Ashanti (complete list) –

• Osei Kofi Tutu I, Asantehene (c.1675/80–1717)
• Amaniampon, Regent (1717–1720)
• Opoku Ware I, Asantehene (1720–1750)
• Kusi Oboadum, Asantehene (1750–1764)
• Safo Kantanka, Regent (1764)
• Osei Kwadwo Okoawia, Asantehene (1764–1777)
• Atakora Kwame, Regent (1777)
• Osei Kwame Panyin, Asantehene (1777–1803)

Guinea

• Imamate of Futa Jallon (complete list) –

• Karamokho Alfa, Almami (c.1725–1751)
• Ibrahim Sori, Almami (1751–1784)
• Sa'id, Almami (c.1784–1797/8)

Guinea-Bissau

• Portuguese Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1474–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ivory Coast

• Gyaaman (complete list) –

• Biri Kofi Panyin, Gyaamanhene (?–1720)
• Abo Kofi, Gyaamanhene (1720–1746)
• Kofi Sono, Gyaamanhene (1746–1760)
• Agyeman, Gyaamanhene (1760–1790)
• Biri Kofi Kadyo, Gyaamanhene (1790–1810)

• Kong Empire –

• Seku Wattara, leader (1710–1735)

Liberia

Mali

• Bamana Empire –

• Bitòn Coulibaly, Faama (1712–1755)
• Dinkoro Coulibaly, Faama (1755–1757)
• Ali Coulibaly, Faama (1757–c.1759)
• Ngolo Diarra, Faama (1766–1795)
• Mansong Diarra, Faama (1795–1808)
• Da Monzon Diarra, Faama (1808–?)

Mauritania

Niger

• Sultanate of Damagaram (complete list) –

• Mallam, Sultan (1731–1746)
• Baba dan Mallam, Sultan (1746–1757)
• Tanimoun Babani, Sultan (1757–1775)
• Assafa dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1775–1782)
• Abaza dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1782–1787)
• Mallam Babou Saba, Sultan (1787–1790)
• Daouda dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1790–1799)
• Ahmadou dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1799–1812)

• Dendi Kingdom (complete list) –

• El Hadjj Hanga, Askiya (?–1761)[12]
• Samsou-Béri, Askiya (1761–1779)
• Hargani, Askiya (1779–1793)
• Samsou Keïna, Askiya (1793–1798)
• Fodi Maÿroumfa, Askiya (1798–1805)

Nigeria

• Akwa Akpa (Old Calabar)[13] –

• Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho, King (1786–1805)

• Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu): Sayfawa dynasty[14]

• Dunama VII, Mai (1696–1715)
• Hamdan, Mai (1715–1729)
• Muhammad VII of Bornu, Mai (1729–1744)
• Dunama VIII Gana, Mai (1744–1447)
• Ali III, Mai (1747–1792)
• Ahmad, Mai (1792–1808)

• Oyo Empire (complete list) –

• Ayibi, Alaafin (17th century or 18th century)
• Osiyago, Alaafin (early 18th century)
• Ojigi, Alaafin (c.1728–1730)
• Gberu, Alaafin (c.1730–1746)
• Amuniwaiye, Alaafin (1746)
• Onisile, Alaafin (1746–1754)
• Labisi, Alaafin (1754)
• Awonbioju, Alaafin (1754)
• Agboluaje, Alaafin (1754)
• Majeogbe, Alaafin (1754–1770)
• Abiodun, Alaafin (c.1770–1789)
• Awole Arogangan, Alaafin (1789–1796)
• Adebo, Alaafin (1796–1888)

• Sultanate of Kano (complete list) –

• Dadi, Sultan (1670–1703)
• Muhammad Sharif, Sultan (1703–1731)
• Kumbari, Sultan (1731–1743)
• al-Hajj Kabe, Sultan (1743–1753)
• Yaji II, Sultan (1753–1768)
• Baba Zaki, Sultan (1768–1776)
• Daud Abasama II, Sultan (1776–1781)
• Muhammad al-Walid, Sultan (1781–1805)

• Kingdom of Nri (complete list) –

• Ezimilo, Eze Nri (1701–1723)
• Èwenétem, Eze Nri (1724–1794)
• Ènweleána I, Eze Nri (1795–1886)

• Yauri Emirate –

• Muhammadu Dan Ayi dan Ahmadu Jerabana Albishir, Emir (1799–1829)

Senegal

• Jolof / Wolof Empire (complete list) –

• Bakar Penda, Buur-ba (1670–1711)
• Bakan-Tam Gan, Buur-ba (1711–1721)
• al-Buri Dyakher, Buur-ba (1721–1740)
• Birayamb, Buur-ba (1740–1748)
• Birawa Keme, Buur-ba (1748–1750)
• Lat-Kodu, Buur-ba (1750–1755)
• Bakaa-Tam Buri-Nyabu, Buur-ba (1755–1763)
• Mba Kompass, Buur-ba (1763–1800)
• Mba Buri-Nyabu, Buur-ba (1800–1818)

• Cayor (complete list) –

• Lat Sukabe, Damel (1697–1719)
• Isa-Tende, Damel (1719–1748)
• Isa Bige, Damel (1748–1749)
• Ma-Bathio Samb, Damel (1749–1757)
• Birima Kodu, Damel (1757–1758)
• Isa Bige, Damel (1758–1759)
• Birima Yamb, Damel (1759–1760)
• Isa Bige Nagone, Damel (1760–1763)
• Jor Yasin Isa, Damel (1763–1766)
• Kodu Kumba, Damel (1766–1777)
• Birima Fatim-Penda, Damel (1777–1790)
• Amari Ngone Ndèla Kumba Fal, Damel (1790–1809)

• Imamate of Futa Toro (complete list) –

• Abdelkedir, Almaami (1776–1804)

Sierra Leone

• Kingdom of Koya (complete list) –

• Naimbanna I, Bai (1680–1720)
• Naimbanna II, Bai (1720–1793)
• Farima IV, Bai (1793–1807)

Togo

Americas

Americas: North

• United States
• Presidents of the Second Continental Congress

• John Hancock, President (1775–1777)[15]
• Henry Laurens, President (1777–1778)[16]
• John Jay, President (1778–1779)[17]
• Samuel Huntington, President (1779–1781)[18]

• Presidents under the Articles of Confederation

• Samuel Huntington, President (1781)[18]
• Thomas McKean, President (1781)[19]
• John Hanson, President (1781–1782)[20]
• Elias Boudinot, President (1782–1783)[21]
• Thomas Mifflin, President (1783–1784)[22]
• Richard Henry Lee, President (1784–1785)[23]
• John Hancock, President (1785–1786)[15]
• Nathaniel Gorham, President (1786)[24]
• Arthur St. Clair, President (1787)[25]
• Cyrus Griffin, President (1788)[26]

• Presidents under the Constitution (complete list) –

• George Washington, President (1789–1797)[27]
• John Adams, President (1797–1801)[28]

Asia

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

• Dzungar Khanate (complete list) –

• Tsewang Arabtan, Khong Tayiji (1694–1727)
• Galdan Tseren, Khong Tayiji (1727–1745)
• Tsewang Dorji Namjal, Khong Tayiji (1746–1749)
• Lama Dorji, Khong Tayiji (1750–1753)
• Dawachi, Khong Tayiji (1752–1755)
• Amursana, ruler (c.1755–1757)

• Kazakh Khanate (complete list) –

• Tauke, Khan (1680–1718)

• Junior zhuz (complete list) –

• Abul Khair, Khan (1718–1748)
• Nuraly, Khan (1748–1786)
• Eraly, Khan (1791–1794)
• Esim, Khan (1795–1797)
• Aishuaq, Khan (1797–1805)

• Middle zhuz (complete list) –

• Sameke, Khan (1719–1734)
• Abilmambet, Khan (1734–1771)
• Ablai, Khan (1771–1781)
• Uali, Khan (1781–1819)

Tajikistan

• Yarkent Khanate, Western Moghulistan (complete list) –

• Akbash, Khan (1695-1705)

Tibet

• Khoshut Khanate of Tibet

• Khans (complete list) –

• Lha-bzang, Khan (1697–1717)

• Dalai Lamas (complete list) –

• Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (1697–1706)

• Tibet under Qing rule (Qing emperors / Dalai Lamas) –

Manchu overlordship, 1720-1912

For details see the Qing dynasty under Eastern Asia

Uzbekistan

• Khanate of Bukhara –

• Subhan Quli, Khan (1680–1702)[29][30][31]
• Ubaidullah, Khan (1702–1711)
• Abu'l-Faiz, Khan (1711–1747)
• Muhammad Abd al-Mumin, Khan (1747-1748)
• Muhammad Ubaidullah II, Khan (1748-1753, nominal)
• Muhammad Rahim (usurper), atalik (1753-1756), Khan (1756-1758)
• Shir Ghazi, Khan (1758-?)
• Abu'l Ghazi, Khan (1758–1785)

• Emirate of Bukhara –

• Shah Murad bin Daniyal Bey, Amir (1785–1800)

• Khanate of Kokand –

• Shahrukh Bey, Khan (c.1709–1721)
• Abdul Rahim Bey, Khan (c.1721–1733)
• Abdul Kahrim Bey, Khan (c.1733–1750)
• Abdurakhman-Batir, Khan (c.1750)
• Irdana, Khan (c.1750–1752)
• Bobobek, Khan (c.1752–1753)
• Irdana, Khan (c.1753–1764)
• Suleiman Bey, Khan (c.1764)
• Shahruhk III, Khan (c.1764)
• Narbuta Bey, Khan (c.1764–1801)

• Khanate of Khiva (complete list) –

• Ishaq Agha Shah Niyaz, Khan (1698–1701)
• Awrang II, Khan (1701–1702)
• rShakhbakht Khan, Khan (1702-03)
• Sayyid Ali Khan, Khan (1703)
• Musa, Khan (1702–1712)
• Yadigar I, Khan (1712–1713)
• Awrang III, Khan (c.1713–c.1714)
• Haji Muhammad II, Khan (c.1714)
• Shir Ghazi, Khan (1714–1727)
• Sarigh Ayghir, Khan (1727)
• Bahadur, Khan (1727–1728)
• Ilbars II, Khan (1728–1740)
• Tahir, Khan (1740–1742)
• Nurali I, Khan (1742)
• Abu Muhammad, Khan (1742)
• Abu al-Ghazi II Muhammad, Khan (1742–1747)
• Ghaib, Khan (Kaip Khan), Khan (1747–1758)
• Abdullah Qara Beg, Khan (1758)
• Timur Ghazi, Khan (1758–1764)
• Tawke, Khan (1764–1766)
• Shah Ghazi, Khan (1766–1768)
• Abu al-Ghazi III, Khan (1768–1769)
• Nurali II, Khan (1769)
• Jahangir, Khan (1769–1770)
• Bölekey, Khan (1770)
• Aqim, Khan (1770–1771, c.1772–c.1773)
• Abd al-Aziz, Khan (c.1771)
• Artuq Ghazi, Khan (c.1772)
• Abdullah, Khan (c.1772)
• Aqim, Khan (1770–1771, c.1772–c.1773)
• Yadigar II, Khan (c.1773–1775, 1779–1781, 1783–1790)
• Abu'l Fayz, Khan (1775–1779)
• Yadigar II, Khan (c.1773–1775, 1779–1781, 1783–1790)
• Pulad Ghazi, Khan (1781–1783)
• Yadigar II, Khan (c.1773–1775, 1779–1781, 1783–1790)
• Abu al-Ghazi IV, Khan (1790–1802)

• Kalmyk Khanate (complete list) –

• Ayuka, Khan (1672–1723)
• Tseren Donduk, Khan (1723–1735)
• Donduk Ombo, Khan (1735–1741)
• Donduk Dashi, Khan (1741–1761)
• Ubashi, Khan (1761–1771)
• Dodbi, Khan (1771–1781)
• As Saray, Khan (1781)

Asia: East

China: Qing dynasty

• Qing dynasty (complete list) –

• Kangxi, Emperor (1661–1722)
• Yongzheng, Emperor (1722–1735)
• Qianlong, Emperor (1735–1796)
• Jiaqing, Emperor (1796–1820)

Japan

• Tokugawa shogunate of Japan

• Emperors (complete list) –

• Higashiyama, Emperor (1687–1709)
• Nakamikado, Emperor (1709–1735)
• Sakuramachi, Emperor (1735–1747)
• Momozono, Emperor (1747–1762)
• Go-Sakuramachi, Emperor (1762–1771)
• Go-Momozono, Emperor (1771–1779)
• Kōkaku, Emperor (1780–1817)

• Shōguns (complete list) –

• Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Shōgun (1680–1709)
• Tokugawa Ienobu, Shōgun (1709–1712)
• Tokugawa Ietsugu, Shōgun (1713–1716)
• Tokugawa Yoshimune, Shōgun (1716–1745)
• Tokugawa Ieshige, Shōgun (1745–1760)
• Tokugawa Ieharu, Shōgun (1760–1786)
• Tokugawa Ienari, Shōgun (1787–1837)

• Ryukyu Kingdom: Second Shō Dynasty –

Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872

• Shō Tei, King (1669–1709)
• Shō Eki, King (1710–1712)
• Shō Kei, King (1713–1752)
• Shō Boku, King (1752–1794)
• Shō On, King (1795–1802)

Korea

• Joseon (complete list) –

• Sukjong, King (1674–1720)
• Gyeongjong, King (1720–1724)
• Yeongjo, King (1724–1776)
• Jeongjo, King (1776–1800)
• Sunjo, King (1800–1834)

Asia: Southeast

Brunei

• Bruneian Empire (complete list) –

• Nassaruddin, Sultan (1690–1710)
• Hussin Kamaluddin, Sultan (1710–1730, 1737–1740)
• Muhammad Alauddin, Sultan (1730–1737)
• Omar Ali Saifuddin I, Sultan (1740–1778)
• Muhammad Tajuddin, Sultan (1778–1804, 1804–1807)

Cambodia

• Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period (complete list) –

• Chey Chettha IV, King (1675–1695, 1696–1699, 1700–1702, 1703–1706)
• Thommoreachea III or Sri Dhamaraja III, King (1702–1703, 1706–1709, 1738–1747)
• Barom Ramadhipati or Kaev Hua III, King (1699–1700, 1710–1722)
• Satha II or Paramaraja X, King (1722–1729, 1729–1736, 1749)
• Thommoreachea IV or Sri Dhamaraja IV, King (1747)
• Ang Sngoun, King (1749–1755)
• Ang Tong, King (1755–1758)
• Outey II, King (1758–1775)
• Ang Non II, King (1775–1779)
• Ang Eng, King (1777–1796)

Indonesia

Indonesia: Java

• Blambangan Kingdom (complete list) –

• Pangeran Putr, King (1697–1736)
• Danuningrat, King (1736–1763)
• Pangeran Wilis, King (1767–1768)

• Pasuruan –

• Surapati, Wiranegara I, Sultan (1686–1706)[32]
• Wiranegara II, Sultan (1706–1707)

• Banten Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdul Mahasin Muhammad Zainulabidin, Sultan (1690–1733)[33]
• Abdul Fatah Muhammad Syafei, Sultan (1733–1748)
• Ratu Sarifah Fatima, Regent (1748–1750)
• Abu’lma’ali Muhammad Wasi al-Halimin, Sultan (1750–1753)
• Abu Nazar Muhammad Arif Zainal Asyekin, Sultan (1753–1777)
• Abdul Mofakhir Muhammad Aliuddin I, Sultan (1777–1802)

• Cirebon, Keraton Kasepuhan (complete list) –

• Sepuh II Jamaluddin, Sultan (1697–1723)[34]
• Sepuh III Muhammad Zainuddin, Sultan (1723–1753)
• Sepuh IV Muhammad Zainuddin, Sultan (1753–1773)
• Sepuh V Sapiuddin, Sultan (1773–1786)
• Sepuh VI, Sultan (1786–1791)
• Sepuh VII Joharuddin, Sultan (1791–1816)

• Cirebon, Kraton Kanoman (complete list) –

• Anom I Badruddin, Sultan (1662–1703)[34]
• Anom II, Sultan (1703–1706)
• Anom III Muhammad Alimuddin, Sultan (1719–1732)
• Anom IV Khairuddin, Sultan (1744–1797)
• Anom V Imanuddin, Sultan (1797–1807)

• Cirebon, Panembahan line (complete list) –

• Panembahan Cirebon I Muhammad Nasruddin, Sultan (1662–1714)[34]
• Panembahan Cirebon II Muhammad Muhyiddin, Sultan (1725–1731)
• Panembahan Cirebon III Muhammad Tair Yarini Sabirin, Sultan (1752–1773)

• Cirebon, Panembahan line (complete list) –

• Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin, Sultan (1697–1723)[34]
• Cirebon I Muhammad Akbaruddin, Sultan (1723–1734)
• Cirebon II Muhammad Salihuddin, Sultan (1734–1758)
• Cirebon III Muhammad Harruddin, Sultan (1758–1768)

• Bangkalan –

• Cakraningrat II, Sultan (1648–1707)[35]
• Cakraningrat III, Sultan (1707–1718)
• Cakraningrat IV, Sultan (1718–1745)
• Cakraningrat V, Sultan (1745–1770)
• Cakraningrat VI, Sultan (1770–1780)
• Cakraningrat VII, Sultan (1780–1815)

• Sumenep –

• Pulang Jiwa, Sultan (1684–1702)[36]
• Cakranegara I, Sultan (1702–1705)
• Suderma, Sultan (1705–1707)
• Cakranegara II, Sultan (1707–1737)
• Cakranegara III, Sultan (1737–1750)
• Bendara Saud, Sultan (1750–1767)
• Tirtanegara, Sultan (1767–1811)

• Pamekasan –

• Adikara I, Sultan (1685–1708)[37]
• Adikara II, Sultan (1708–1737)
• Adikara III, Sultan (1737–1743)
• Adikara IV, Sultan (1743–1750)
• Adiningrat, Sultan (1750–1752)
• Aria Cakraadiningrat I, R. Alsari, Sultan (1752–1800)
• Aria Cakraadiningrat II, R. Alsana, Sultan (1800–1804)

• Mataram Sultanate (complete list) –

• Amangkurat II, Susuhunan (1677–1703)
• Amangkurat III, Susuhunan (1703–1704)
• Pakubuwono I, Susuhunan (1704–1719)
• Amangkurat IV, Susuhunan (1719–1726)
• Pakubuwono II, Susuhunan (1726–1749)
• Pakubuwono III, Susuhunan of Mataram (1749–1755); Susuhunan of Surakarta (1755–1788)

Split into Surakarta and Yogyakarta

• Surakarta Sunanate (complete list) –

• Pakubuwono III, Susuhunan of Mataram (1749–1755); Susuhunan of Surakarta (1755–1788)[38]
• Pakubuwono IV, Sultan (1788–1820)

• Yogyakarta Sultanate (complete list) –

• Hamengkubuwono I, Sultan (1755–1792)[39]
• Hamengkubuwono II, Sultan (1792–1810, 1811–1812, 1826–1828)

• Mangkunegaran (complete list) –

• Mangkunegara I, Sultan (1757–1795)[40]
• Mangkunegara II, Sultan (1795–1835)

Indonesia: Sumatra

• Aceh Sultanate (complete list) –

• Badr ul-Alam Syarif Hasyim Jamaluddin, Sultan (1699–1702)
• Perkasa Alam Syarif Lamtui, Sultan (1702–1703)
• Jamal ul-Alam Badr ul-Munir, Sultan (1703–1726)
• Jauhar ul-Alam, Sultan (1726)
• Syamsul Alam, Sultan (1726–1727)
• Alauddin Ahmad Syah, Sultan (1727–1735)
• Alauddin Johan Syah, Sultan (1735–1760)
• Alauddin Mahmud Syah I, Sultan (1760–1781)
• Badr ul-Alam Syah, Sultan (1764–1765)
• Sulaiman Syah, Sultan (1773)
• Alauddin Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1781–1795)
• Alauddin Jauhar ul-Alam Syah, Sultan (1795–1815, 1819–1823)

• Johor Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdul Jalil Shah IV (Bendahara Abdul Jalil), Sultan (1699–1720)
• Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah I, Sultan (1718–1722)
• Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah, Sultan (1722–1760)
• Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1760–1761)
• Ahmad Riayat Shah, Sultan (1761–1761)
• Mahmud Shah III, Sultan (1761–1812)

• Sultanate of Deli (complete list) –

• Tuanku Panglima Paderap, Sultan (1698–1728)
• Tuanku Panglima Pasutan, Sultan (1728–1761)
• Tuanku Panglima Gandar Wahid, Sultan (1761–1805)

• Sultanate of Langkat –

• Bendahara Raja Badiuzzaman, Raja (1673–1750)
• Kejuruan Hitam (Tuah Hitam), Raja (1750–1818)

• Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (complete list) –

• Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah I, Sultan (1725–1746)
• Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah II, Sultan (1746–1765)
• Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Shah, Sultan (1765–1766)
• Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Shah, Sultan (1766–1780)
• Muhammad Ali Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1780–1782)
• Yahya Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1782–1784)
• Al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin Ba'alawi, Sultan (1784–1810)

• Sultanate of Serdang (complete list) –

• Kejeruan Junjungan, Raja (1728–1782)
• Al-Marhum Kacapuri, Raja (1782–1822)

• Riau-Lingga Sultanate

• Sultans –

• Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720)
• Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah, Sultan (1718–1722)
• Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah, Sultan (1722–1760)
• Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1760–1761)
• Ahmad Riayat Shah, Sultan (1761–1761)
• Mahmud Shah III, Sultan (1761–1812)

• Yang di-Pertuan Muda –

• Daeng Marewah, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1722–1728)
• Daeng Chelak, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1728–1745)
• Daeng Kemboja, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1745–1777)
• Haji, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1777–1784)
• Ali, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1784–1805)

• Jambi Sultanate –

  Sultan Sri Maharaja Batu, Sultan (1690–1721)

  Ahmad Zainuddin/ Anom Sri Ingalaga, Sultan (1770–1790)

  Ratu Seri Ingalaga, Sultan (1790–1812)

Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)

• Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate –

• Aji Muhammad Idris, Sultan (c.1732–1739)
• Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin, Sultan (1780s)

• Sultanate of Banjar (complete list) –

• Tahmidullah I, Sultan (1700–1717)
• Panembahan Kasuma Dilaga, Sultan (1717–1730)
• Hamidullah, Sultan (1730–1734)
• Tamjidullah I, Sultan (1734–1759)
• Muhammadillah/Muhammad Aliuddin Aminullah, Sultan (1759–1761)
• Tahmidullah II/Sultan Nata, Sultan (1761–1801)

• Sultanate of Sambas (complete list) –

• Muhammad Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1685–1708)
• Umar Aqam ud-din I, Sultan (1708–1732)
• Abu Bakar Kamal ud-din I, Sultan (1732–1764)
• Umar Akam ud-din II, Sultan (1764–1786)
• Achmad Taj ud-din II, Sultan (1786–1793)
• Abu Bakar Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1793–1815)

• Lanfang Republic –

• Luo Fangbo, President (1777–1795)
• Jiang Wubo, President (1795–1799)
• Yan Sibo, President (1799–1804)

• Bulungan –

• Digendung, putra Wira Keranda, Wira (1695–1731)
• Amir, Putera Wira Digendung Gelar Sultan Amiril Mukminin, Wira (1731–1777)
• Aji Muhammad, Sultan (1777–1817)

• Pontianak Sultanate (complete list) –

• Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie, Sultan (1771–1808)

Indonesia: Sulawesi

• Sultanate of Gowa –

• Abdul Jalil, Sultan (1677–1709)
• Ismail, Sultan (1709–1711)
• Sirajuddin, Sultan (1711–?)
• Najamuddin, Sultan (18th century)
• Sirajuddin, Sultan (1735–1735)
• Abdul Khair, Sultan (1735–1742)
• Abdul Kudus, Sultan (1742–1753)
• Amas Madina Batara Gowa, Sultan (1753–1767)
• I Mallisujawa Daeng Riboko Arungmampu, Sultan (1767–1769)
• Zainuddin, Sultan (1770–1778)
• I Manawari Karaeng Bontolangkasa, Sultan (1778–1810)

• Luwu –

• Settiaraja, Datu (1663–1704)
• La Onro Topalaguna, Datu (1704–1715)
• Batari Tungke, Datu (1706–1715)
• Batari Tojang, Datu (1715–1748)
• We Tenri Leleang, Datu (1748–1778)
• Tosibengngareng, Datu (1760–1765)
• La Tenri Peppang, Datu (1778–1810)

Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands

• Kingdom of Larantuka –

• Domingos Viera, Raja (c.1702)

• Bima Sultanate (complete list) –

• Hasanuddin Muhammad Ali Syah, Sultan (1697–1731)
• Alauddin Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1731–1748)
• Kamalat Syah, Sultan (1748–1751)
• Abdul Kadim Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1751–1773)
• Abdul Hamid Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1773–1817)

Indonesia: West Timor

• Wehali –

• Jacinto Correia, Liurai (c.1756)

• Amanatun (complete list) –

• Don Louis Nai Konof, Raja (pre-1751–1766)
• Don Joan Benao, Raja (1766–?)

• Amarasi (complete list) –

• Dom Affonco, Raja (c.1703)[41]
• Dom Augusto Fernandes, Raja (c.1703)
• Nai Soti, Raja (c.1714)
• Dom Luís Hornay, Raja (pre-1749–1752)
• Dom Affonco Hornay, Raja (1752–1774)
• Don Rote Ruatefu, Raja (1774–1802)

• Amabi (complete list) –

• Ama Kefi Meu, Raja (1666–1704)
• Ama Kefi, Raja (1704–1725)
• Loti, Raja (1725–1732)
• Nai Balas, Raja (1732–1755)
• Balthazar Loti, Raja (1755–1790)
• Osu I, Raja (1791–1795)
• Slolo, Raja (1795–c.1797)
• Afu Balthazar, Raja (c.1797–pre-1824)

• Sonbai Besar (complete list) –

• Dom Pedro Sonbai/ Tomenu, Emperor (c.1704–1726)[42]
• Dom Alfonso Salema/ Nai Bau Sonbai, Emperor (pre-1748–1752)
• Don Bernardo/ Nai Sobe Sonbai I, Emperor (1752–1760)
• Albertus Johannes Taffy/ Nai Tafin Sonbai, Emperor (1760–1768)
• Alphonsus Adrianus/ Nai Kau Sonbai, Emperor (1768–1802)

• Sonbai Kecil (complete list) –

• Bi Sonbai/ Usi Tetu Utang, Queen (1672–1717)[42]
• Bernardus Leu, Raja (1717–1726)
• Corneo Leu, Raja (1728–1748)
• Daniel Taffy Leu, Raja (1748–1760)
• Jacobus Albertus Taffy, Raja (1760–1776)
• Nai Kau Sonbai, Raja (1776–1783)
• Baki Bena/ Bernardus Nisnoni, Raja (1783–1795)
• Dirk Hendrik Aulasi, Raja (1795–1798)
• Nube Bena/ Pieter Nisnoni I, Raja (1798–1820)

• Amanuban (complete list) –

• Don Michel, Raja (pre-1749–1751)
• Don Louis, Raja (1751–1770)
• Don Jacobus Albertus, Raja (1770–1786)
• Tobani, Raja (1786–c.1807)

Indonesia: Maluku Islands

• Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) –

Dutch protectorate 1667–1942

• Alauddin II, Sultan (1660–1706)[43]
• Musa Malikuddin, Sultan (1706–1715)
• Kie Nasiruddin, Sultan (1715–1732)
• Hamza Tarafan Nur, Sultan (1732–1741)
• Muhammad Sahaddin, Sultan (1741–1780)
• Skandar Alam, Sultan (1780–1788)
• Muhammad Badaruddin, Sultan (1788–1797)
• Kamarullah, Sultan (1797–1826)

• Sultanate of Jailolo –

British occupation 1799–1802

• Muhammad Arif Bila, Sultan (1797–1806)[44]

• Sultanate of Tidore (complete list) –

Dutch protectorate 1657–1905

• Hamza Faharuddin, Sultan (1689–1705)[45]
• Abdul Falali Mansur, Sultan (1705–1708)
• Hasanuddin, Sultan (1708–1728)
• Amir Muiduddin Malikulmanan, Sultan (1728–1757)
• Amir Muhammad Masud Jamaluddin, Sultan (1757–1779)
• Gayjira, Sultan (regent 1779–1780)
• Patra Alam, Sultan (1780–1783)
• Hairul Alam Kamaluddin, Sultan (1784–1797)
• Nuku, Muhammad al-Mabus Amiruddin Syah, Sultan (1797–1805)

• Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) –

Dutch protectorate 1683–1915

• Said Fathullah, Sultan (1689–1714)
• Amir Iskandar Zulkarnain Saifuddin, Sultan (1714–1751)
• Ayan Shah, Sultan (1751–1754)
• Syah Mardan, Sultan (1755–1763)
• Jalaluddin, Sultan (1763–1774)
• Harun Shah, Sultan (1774–1781)
• Achral, Sultan (1781–1796)
• Muhammad Yasin, Sultan (1796–1801)

Laos

• Lan Xang (complete list) –

• Setthathirath II, King (1700–1707)

• Kingdom of Vientiane (complete list) –

• Setthathirath II, King (1707–1735)
• Ong Long, King (1735–1767)

Vassal to Burma (1765–1768)

• Ong Boun, King (1767–1778, 1780–1781)

Vassal to Siam (1778–1826)

• Phraya Supho, Siamese Governor (1778–1780)
• Ong Boun, King (1767–1778, 1780–1781)
• Nanthasen, King (1781–1794)
• Intharavong, King (1795–1805)

• Muang Phuan (complete list) –

• Kham Sattha, King (1723–1751)
• Ong Lo, King (1751–1779)
• Somphou, King (1779–1803)

• Kingdom of Champasak (complete list) –

• Nokasad, King (1713–1737)
• Sayakumane, King (1737–1791)
• Fay Na, King (1791–1811)

• Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (complete list) –

• Kingkitsarat, King (1707–1713)
• Ong Kham, King (1713–1723)
• Inthasom, King (1723–1749)
• Inthaphom, King (1749)
• Sotika Koumane, King (1749–1771)

Vassal to Burma (1765–1779)

• Suriyawong, King (1771–1779)
• Anourouth, King (1791–1817)

Malaysia: Peninsular

• Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah, Sultan, (1698–1706)
• Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I, Sultan, (1706–1710)
• Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II, Sultan, (1710–1778)
• Abdullah Mukarram Shah, Sultan, (1778–1797)
• Dziaddin Mukarram Shah II, Sultan, (1797–1803)

• Kelantan Sultanate (complete list) –

Champa dynasty

• Omar Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Sakti I, Sultan (1675–1721)

Patani dynasty

• Long Bahar, Raja (1721–1734)
• Long Sulaiman, Raja (1734–1739, 1746–1756)
• Raja Long Pandak|Long Pandak, Sultan (1756–1758)
• Raja Long Muhammad|Long Muhammad, Sultan (1758–1763)
• Raja Long Yunus|Long Yunus, Sultan (1765–1795)
• Tengku Muhammad, Sultan (1795–1800)
• Muhammad I, Sultan (1800–1835)

• Johor Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720)

• Perak Sultanate: Siak dynasty (complete list) –

• Mahmud Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1653–1720)
• Alauddin Mughayat Shah, Sultan (1720–1728)
• Muzaffar Riayat Shah III, Sultan of Upper Perak (1728–1752)
• Muhammad Mughayat Shah, Sultan of Lower Perak (1744–1750)
• Iskandar Zulkarnain, Sultan (1752–1765)
• Mahmud Shah II, Sultan (1765–1773)
• Alauddin Mansur Shah Iskandar Muda, Sultan (1773–1786)
• Ahmaddin Shah, Sultan (1786–1806)

• Terengganu Sultanate (complete list) –

• Zainal Abidin I, Sultan (1725–1733)
• Mansur Shah I, Sultan (1733–1793)
• Zainal Abidin II, Sultan (1793–1808)

• Selangor Sultanate (complete list) –

• Raja Lumu, Sultan (1745–1778)
• Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1778–1826)

• Negeri Sembilan (complete list) –

• Melewar, Yamtuan (1773–1795)
• Hitam, Yamtuan (1795–1808)

• Perlis (complete list) –

• Syed Abu Bakar Harun Jamalullail, Penghulu (1797–1825)[46]

Myanmar / Burma

• Kingdom of Mrauk U (complete list) –

• Sanda Wimala I, King (1700–1707)
• Sanda Thuriya II, King (1707–1710)
• Sanda Wizaya, King (1710–1731)
• Sanda Thuriya III, King (1731–1734)
• Naradipati II, King (1734–1735)
• Narapawara, King (1735–1737)
• Sanda Wizala, King (1737–1738)
• Madarit, King (1738–1743)
• Nara Apaya, King (1743–1761)
• Thirithu, King (1761–1762)
• Sanda Parama, King (1762–1764)
• Apaya, King (1764–1774)
• Sanda Thumana, King (1774–1777)
• Sanda Wimala II, King (1777)
• Sanda Thaditha, King (1777–1782)
• Maha Thammada, King (1782–1785)

• Toungoo dynasty (complete list) –

• Sanay Min, King (1698–1714)
• Taninganway Min, King (1714–1733)
• Mahadhammaraza Dipadi, King (1733–1752)

• Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom (complete list) –

• Smim Htaw Buddhaketi, King (1740–1747)
• Binnya Dala, King (1747–1757)

• Konbaung dynasty (complete list) –

• Alaungpaya, King (1752–1760)
• Naungdawgyi, King (1760–1763)
• Hsinbyushin, King (1763–1776)
• Singu, King (1776–1782)
• Phaungka, King (1782)
• Bodawpaya, King (1782–1819)

Philippines

• Sultanate of Sulu (complete list) –

• Shahab ud-Din, Sultan (1685–1710)
• Mustafa Shafi ud-Din, Sultan (1710–1718)
• Badar ud-Din I, Sultan (1718–1732)
• Nasar ud-Din, Sultan (1732–1735)
• Azim ud-Din I, Sultan (1735–1748, 1764–1773)
• Bantilan Muizzud-Din, Sultan (1748–1763)
• Mohammad Israel, Sultan (1773–1778)
• Azim ud-Din II, Sultan (1763–1764, 1778–1791)
• Sharap ud-Din, Sultan (1789–1808)

• Sultanate of Maguindanao (complete list) –

• Kahar Ud-din Kuda, Sultan (?–1702)
• Bayan Ul-Anwar, Sultan (1702–1736)
• Muhammad Tahir Ud-din, Sultan (1736–?)
• Pakir Maulana Kamsa, Sultan (1734–1755)
• Pahar Ud-din, Sultan (1755–?)
• Kibad Sahriyal, Sultan (c.1780–c.1805)

• Spanish East Indies, part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (complete list) –

Colony, 1565–1901

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Thailand

• Lan Na: Burmese rule (complete list) –

• Che Putarai, King (1675–1707)
• Mang Raenra, King (1707–1727)
• Thepsing, King (1727)
• Ong Kham, King (1727–1759)
• Ong Chan, King (1759–1761)
• Khihut, King (1761–1763)
• Po Aphaikhamini, King (1763–1768)
• Po Mayu-nguan, King (1768–1775)

• Ayutthaya Kingdom: Ban Phlu Luang dynasty (complete list) –

• Phetracha, King (1688–1703)
• Suriyenthrathibodi, King (1703–1709)
• Thai Sa, King (1709–1733)
• Borommakot, King (1733–1758)
• Uthumphon, King (1758)
• Ekkathat, King (1758–1767)

• Thonburi Kingdom (complete list) –

• Taksin, King (1767–1782)

• Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam (complete list) –

• Rama I, King (1782–1809)

• Lampang –

• Thipchang, King (1732–1759)
• Chaikaeo, Prince (1759–1774)
• Kawila, Prince of Lampang (1774–1782), King of Chiang Mai (1802–1813)

Timor

• Portuguese Timor (complete list) –

Colony, 1702–1975

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Vietnam

• Champa (complete list) –

• Po Saktirai da putih, King (1695–1728)
• Po Ganvuh da putih, King (1728–1730)
• Po Thuttirai, King (1731–1732)
• Po Rattirai, King (1735–1763)
• Po Tathun da moh-rai, King (1763–1765)
• Po Tithuntirai da paguh, King (1765–1780)
• Po Tithuntirai da parang, King (1780–1781)
• Chei Krei Brei, King (1783–1786)
• Po Tithun da parang, King (1786–1793)
• Po Lathun da paguh, King (1793–1799)
• Po Chong Chan, King (1799–1822)

• Revival Lê dynasty (complete list) –

• Lê Hi Tông, Emperor (1676–1704)
• Lê Dụ Tông, Emperor (1705–1728)
• Lê Duy Phường, Emperor (1729–1732)
• Lê Thuần Tông, Emperor (1732–1735)
• Lê Ý Tông, Emperor (1735–1740)
• Lê Hiển Tông, Emperor (1740–1786)
• Lê Mẫn Đế, Emperor (1787–1789)

• Nguyễn lords (complete list) –

• Nguyễn Phúc Chu, Lord (1691–1725)
• Nguyễn Phúc Chú, Lord (1725–1738)
• Nguyễn Phúc Khoát, Lord (1738–1765)
• Nguyễn Phúc Thuần, Lord (1765–1777)
• Nguyễn Phúc Dương, Lord (1776–1777)

• Trịnh lords (complete list) –

• Trịnh Căn, Lord (1682–1709)
• Trịnh Cương, Lord (1709–1729)
• Trịnh Giang, Lord (1729–1740)
• Trịnh Doanh, Lord (1740–1767)
• Trịnh Sâm, Lord (1767–1782)
• Trịnh Cán, Lord (1782)
• Trịnh Khải, Lord (1782–1786)
• Trịnh Bồng, Lord (1786–1787)

• Tây Sơn dynasty (complete list) –

• Nguyễn Nhạc, Emperor (1778–1788)
• Nguyễn Huệ, Emperor (1788–1792)
• Nguyễn Quang Toản, Emperor (1792–1802)

Asia: South

Afghanistan

• Hotak dynasty (complete list) –

• Mirwais Hotak, Emir (1709–1715)
• Abdul Aziz Hotak, Emir (1715–1717)
• Mahmud Hotaki, Emir (1717–1725)
• Ashraf Hotaki, Emir (1725–1729)
• Hussain Hotaki, Emir (1729–1738)

• Durrani Empire (complete list) –

• Ahmad Shah Durrani, Emir (1738–1772)
• Timur Shah Durrani, Emir (1772–1793)
• Zaman Shah Durrani, Emir (1793–1801)

Bengal

• Nawabs of Bengal (complete list) –

• Murshid Quli Khan, Nawab (1717–1727)
• Sarfaraz Khan, Nawab (1727–1727)
• Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, Nawab (1727–1739)
• Sarfaraz Khan, Nawab (1739–1740)
• Alivardi Khan, Nawab (1740–1756)
• Siraj ud-Daulah, Nawab (1756–1757)
• Mir Jafar Ali Khan, Nawab (1757–1760)
• Mir Qasim, Nawab (1760–1763)
• Mir Jafar Ali Khan, Nawab (1763–1765)
• Najmuddin Ali Khan, Nawab (1765–1766)
• Najabat Ali Khan, Nawab (1766–1770)
• Ashraf Ali Khan, Nawab (1770)
• Mubarak Ali Khan, Nawab (1770–1793)
• Baber Ali Khan, Nawab (1793–1810)

• Mallabhum (complete list) –

• Durjan Singha Dev, King (1682–1702)
• Raghunath Singha Dev II, King (1702–1712)
• Gopal Singha Dev, King (1712–1748)
• Chaitanya Singha Dev, King (1748–1801)

• Bhurshut (complete list) –

• Lakshminarayan, Maharaja (c.1695–1712)

• Jaintia Kingdom

• Ram Singh I, King (1694–1708)
• Jay Narayan, King (1708–1731)
• Bar Gosain, King (1731–1770)
• Chattra Singh, King (1770–1780)
• Bijay Narayan, King (1780–1790)
• Ram Singh II, King (1790–1832)

• Twipra Kingdom

• Dharma Manikya II, King (1714-1733)
• Vijay Manikya III, King (1743-1760)
• Krishna Manikya, King (1760-1761)
• Rajdhar Manikya, King (1783-1804)

Bhutan

• Bhutan (complete list) –

• Gedun Chomphel, Druk Desis (1695–1701)
• Ngawang Tshering, Druk Desis (1701–1704)
• Umze Peljor, Druk Desis (1704–1707)
• Druk Rabgye, Druk Desis (1707–1719)
• Ngawang Gyamtsho, Druk Desis (1719–1729)
• Mipham Wangpo, Druk Desis (1729–1736)
• Khuwo Peljor, Druk Desis (1736–1739)
• Ngawang Gyaltshen, Druk Desis (1739–1744)
• Sherab Wangchuck, Druk Desis (1744–1763)
• Druk Phuntsho, Druk Desis (1763–1765)
• Wangzob Druk Tenzin I, Druk Desis (1765–1768)
• Sonam Lhundub, Druk Desis (1768–1773)
• Kunga Rinchen, Druk Desis (1773–1776)
• Jigme Singye, Druk Desis (1776–1788)
• Druk Tenzin, Druk Desis (1788–1792)
• Umzey Chapchhab, Druk Desis (1792–1792)
• Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel), Druk Desis (1792–1799)
• Druk Namgyel, Druk Desis (1799–1803)

India

• British East India Company rule in India

Joint-stock colony, 1757–1858

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

See also the list of princely states of British India (alphabetical) for all princely states

Maldives

• Sultanate of the Maldives (complete list) –

Isdhoo Dynasty

• Ali V, Sultan (1701)
• Hasan X, Sultan (1701)
• Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine, Sultan (1701–1704)

Dhiyamigili dynasty

• Muhammad Imaduddin II, Sultan (1704–1720)
• Ibrahim Iskandar II, Sultan (1720–1750)
• Muhammad Imaduddin III, Sultan (1750–1757)
• Amina I, Sultana (1753–1754)
• Amina II, Sultana (1757–1759)

Huraa Dynasty

• Hasan 'Izz ud-din, Sultan (1759–1766)

Dhiyamigili dynasty

• Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din, Sultan (1766–1774)

Huraa Dynasty

• Muhammad Shamsuddeen II, Sultan (1774)
• Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din, Sultan (1774–1779)
• Hassan Nooraddeen I, Sultan (1779–1799)
• Muhammad Mueenuddeen I, Sultan (1799–1835)

Nepal

• Gorkha Kingdom –

• Prithvipati Shah, King (1673–1716)
• Nara Bhupal Shah, King (1716–1743)
• Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha (1743–1768), King of Nepal (1768–1775)

• Kingdom of Nepal

• Kings (complete list) –

• Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha (1743–1768), King of Nepal (1768–1775)
• Pratap Singh Shah, King (1775–1777)
• Rana Bahadur Shah, King (1777–1799)
• Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah, King (1799–1816)

• Mulkajis –

• Abhiman Singh Basnet, Mulkaji (1785–1794)
• Kirtiman Singh Basnyat, Mulkaji (1794–1801)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Damodar Pande, Prime minister (1799–1804)

Pakistan

• Sikh Empire –
• Jamadar Khushal Singh, Wazir (1799–1818)[47]

Sri Lanka

• Dutch Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1656–1796

For details see the Dutch Republic under Western Europe

• Kingdom of Kandy (complete list) –

• Vimaladharmasurya II, King (1687–1707)
• Vira Narendra Sinha, King (1707–1739)
• Sri Vijaya Rajasinha, King (1739–1747)
• Kirti Sri Rajasinha, King (1747–1782)
• Rajadhi Rajasinha, King (1782–1798)
• Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, King (1798–1815)

Asia: West

Bahrain

• Bahrain (complete list) –

• Ahmed ibn Muhammad ibn Khalifa, Hakim (1783–1796)
• Abdullah ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1796–1843)
• Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1796–1825)

Cyprus

Iran

• Persia (Qajar dynasty) –

• Agha Mohammad Khan, Shah (1789–1797)
• Fath-Ali, Shah (1797–1834)

Iraq

Israel

Jordan

Kuwait

• Sheikhdom of Kuwait (complete list) –

• Sabah I, Sheikh (1752–1762)
• Abdullah I, Sheikh (1762–1814)

Lebanon

Oman

• Oman (complete list) –

• Ahmad bin Said, Sultan (1749–1783)
• Said bin Ahmad, Sultan (1783–1784)
• Hamad bin Said, Sultan (1784–1792)
• Sultan bin Ahmad, Sultan (1792–1804)

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

• Emirate of Diriyah (complete list) –

• Muhammad bin Saud, Imam (1744–1765)
• Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, Imam (1765–1803)

Syria

Turkey

• Ottoman Empire

• Sultans –

• Mustafa II, Sultan (1695–1703)
• Ahmed III, Sultan (1703–1730)
• Mahmud I, Sultan (1730–1754)
• Osman III, Sultan (1754–1757)
• Mustafa III, Sultan (1757–1774)
• Abdul Hamid I, Sultan (1774–1789)
• Selim III, Sultan (1789–1807)

• Grand Viziers –

• Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1697–1702)
• Daltaban Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1702–1703)
• Rami Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1703)
• Sührablı Kavanoz Nişancı Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1703)
• Damat Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1703–1704)
• Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1704)
• Baltaji Mehmet Pasha, Grand Vizier (1704–1706)
• Çorlulu Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1706–1710)
• Köprülü Numan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1710)
• Baltaji Mehmet Pasha, Grand Vizier (1710–1711)
• Ağa Yusuf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1711–1712)
• Nişancı Süleyman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1712–1713)
• Kel Hoca Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1713)
• Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1713–1716)
• Hacı Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1716–1717)
• Tevkii Nişancı Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1717–1718)
• Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1718–1730)
• Silahdar Damat Mehmet Pasha, Grand Vizier (1730–1731)
• Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1731)
• Topal Osman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1731–1732)
• Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1732–1735)
• Gürcü Ismail Pasha, Grand Vizier (1735–1736)
• Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1736–1737)
• Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha, Grand Vizier (1737)
• Yeğen Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1737–1739)
• Ivaz Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1739–1740)
• Nişancı Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1740–1742)
• Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1742–1743)
• Seyyid Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1743–1746)
• Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1746–1747)
• Seyyid Abdullah Pasha, Grand Vizier (1747–1750)
• Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1750–1752)
• Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1752–1755)
• Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1755)
• Naili Abdullah Pasha, Grand Vizier (1755)
• Silahdar Bıyıklı Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1755)
• Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha, Grand Vizier (1755–1756)
• Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1756–1757)
• Koca Ragıp Pasha, Grand Vizier (1757–1763)
• Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha, Grand Vizier (1763)
• Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1763–1765)
• Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1765–1768)
• Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha, Grand Vizier (1768)
• Yağlıkçızade Nişancı Hacı Mehmed Emin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1768–1769)
• Moldovancı Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1769)
• Ivazzade Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1769–1770)
• Silahdar Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1770–1771)
• Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1771–1774)
• Izzet Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1774–1775)
• Moralı Derviş Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1775–1777)
• Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1777–1778)
• Kalafat Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1778–1779)
• Silahdar Karavezir Seyyid Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1779–1781)
• Izzet Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1781–1782)
• Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1782)
• Halil Hamid Pasha, Grand Vizier (1782–1785)
• Hazinedar Şahin Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1785–1786)
• Koca Yusuf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1786–1789)
• Kethüda Meyyit Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1789)
• Hassan Pasha of Algiers, Grand Vizier (1789–1790)
• Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1790–1791)
• Koca Yusuf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1791–1792)
• Melek Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1792–1794)
• Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha, Grand Vizier (1794–1798)
• Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1798–1805)

United Arab Emirates

• Emirate of Abu Dhabi –

• Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan, ruler (1761–1793)
• Shakhbut bin Dhiyab Al Nahyan, ruler (1793–1816)

• Emirate of Sharjah –

• Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi, ruler (1747–1777)
• Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi, ruler (1777–1803)

• Umm Al Quwain –

• Rashid bin Majid Al Mualla, ruler (1768–1820)

• Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah –

• Rahma Al Qasimi, ruler (1708–1731)
• Matar bin Butti Al Qasimi, ruler (1731–1747)
• Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi, ruler (1747–1777)
• Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi, ruler (1777–1803)

Yemen

• Kathiri State of Seiyun –

• Badr ibn Dscha'far al-Kathir, Sultan (1690–1707)
• 'Abdllah ibn Badr al-Kathir, Sultan (1707–1725)
• 'Amr ibn Badr al-Kathir, Sultan (1725–1760)
• Ahmad ibn 'Amr al-Kathir, Sultan (1760–1800)
• Muhsin ibn Ahmad al-Kathir, Sultan (1800–1830)

• Yemeni Zaidi State –

• al-Mahdi Muhammad, Imam (1689-1718)
• al-Mutawakkil al-Qasim, Imam (1716-1727)
• al-Mansur al-Husayn II, Imam (1727-1748)
• al-Mahdi Abbas, Imam (1748-1775)
• al-Mansur Ali I, Imam (1775-1809)

• Lower Yafa –

• Qahtan ibn Afif, ruler (1700–1720)
• Sayf ibn Qahtan al-Afifi, ruler (1720–1740)
• Ma`awda ibn Sayf al-Afifi, ruler (1740–1760)
• Ghalib ibn Ma`awda al-Afifi, ruler (1760–1780)
• Abd al-Karim ibn Ghalib al-Afifi, ruler (1780–1800)
• Ali I ibn Ghalib al-Afifi, ruler (1800–1841)

• Upper Yafa –

• `Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Harhara, Sheikh (c.1730–1735)
• Ahmad ibn `Ali Al Harhara, Sheikh (c.1735–1750)
• Salih ibn Ahmad Al Harhara, Sheikh (c.1750–1780)
• `Umar ibn Salih Al Harhara, Sheikh (c.1780–1800)

• Sultanate of Lahej –

• al-Fadl I ibn 'Ali al-Sallami al-'Abdali, Sultan (1728–1742)
• 'Abd al-Karim I ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali, Sultan (1742–1753)
• 'Abd al-Hadi ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1753–1775)
• al-Fadl II ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1775–1791)
• Ahmad I ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1791–1827)

• Mahra Sultanate –

• `Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (c.1750–1780)
• Taw`ari ibn `Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (c.1780–1800)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Montenegro

• Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (complete list) –

• Danilo I, Prince-Bishop (1696–1735)
• Sava II, Prince-Bishop (1735–1782)
• Vasilije III, Co-Prince-Bishop (1750–1766)
• Petar I, Prince-Bishop (1782–1830)

Europe: British Isles

Great Britain

• Kingdom of England (complete list) –

• William II, King (1689–1702)
• Anne, Queen (1702–1707)

• Kingdom of Scotland (complete list) –

• William II, King (1689–1702)
• Anne, Queen (1702–1707)

• Kingdom of Great Britain

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Anne, Queen (1707–1714)
• George I, King (1714–1727)
• George II, King (1727–1760)
• George III, King (1760–1820)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Walpole, Prime minister (1721–1742)
• Wilmington, Prime minister (1742–1743)
• Pelham, Prime minister (1743–1754)
• Newcastle, Prime minister (1754–1756)
• Devonshire, Prime minister (1756–1757)
• Newcastle, Prime minister (1757–1762)
• Bute, Prime minister (1762–1763)
• G. Grenville, Prime minister (1763–1765)
• Rockingham, Prime minister (1765–1766)
• Chatham (Pitt the Elder), Prime minister (1766–1768)
• Grafton, Prime minister (1768–1770)
• North, Prime minister (1770–1782)
• Rockingham, Prime minister (1782)
• Shelburne, Prime minister (1782–1783)
• Portland, Prime minister (1783)
• Pitt the Younger, Prime minister (1783–1801)

Ireland

• Kingdom of Ireland (complete list) –

• William II, King (1689–1702)
• Anne, Queen (1702–1707)
• George I, King (1714–1727)
• George II, King (1727–1760)
• George III, King (1760–1820)

Europe: Central

See also List of state leaders in the 18th-century Holy Roman Empire

• Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany

• Emperors Elect, Kings –

• Leopold I, Emperor Elect, King (1658–1705)
• Joseph I, Emperor Elect (1705–1711), King (1690–1711)
• Charles VI, Emperor Elect, King (1711–1740)
• Charles VII, Emperor Elect, King (1742–1745)
• Francis I, Emperor Elect (1745–1765), King (1745–1764)
• Joseph II, Emperor Elect (1765–1790), King (1764–1790)
• Leopold II, Emperor Elect, King (1790–1792)
• Francis II, Emperor Elect, King (1792–1806)

• Reichsvizekanzler: Vice Chancellor –

• Dominik Andreas I. von Kaunitz, Vice Chancellor (1698–1705)
• Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim, Vice Chancellor (1705–1734)
• Johann Adolf Graf von Metsch, Vice Chancellor (1734–1740)
• Johann Georg Graf von Königsfeld, Vice Chancellor (1742–1745)
• Rudolph Joseph von Colloredo, Vice Chancellor (1745–1788)
• Franz de Paula Gundaker von Colloredo, Vice Chancellor (1789–1806)

Bohemia, Hungary

Poland

• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Kingdom of Poland (complete list) –

• Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733)
• Stanisław I, King and Grand Duke (1704–1709, 1733–1736)
• August III the Saxon, King and Grand Duke (1733–1763)
• Stanisław II August, King and Grand Duke (1764–1795)

• Duchy/ Kingdom of Prussia, Electorate of Brandenburg (complete list, complete list) –

• Frederick I, Duke (1688–1701), and King of Prussia (1701–1713), Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713)
• Frederick William I, King, Elector (1713–1740)
• Frederick II the Great, King, Elector (1740–1786)
• Frederick William II, King, Elector (1786–1797)
• Frederick William III, King (1797–1840), Elector (1797–1806)

Europe: East

• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Grand Duchy of Lithuania (complete list) –

• Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733)
• Stanisław I, King and Grand Duke (1704–1709, 1733–1736)
• August III the Saxon, King and Grand Duke (1733–1763)
• Stanisław II August, King and Grand Duke (1764–1795)

• Tsardom of Russia (complete list) –

• Peter I, Tsar (1682–1721), Emperor (1721–1725)

• Russian Empire (complete list) –

• Peter I, Tsar (1682–1721), Emperor (1721–1725)
• Catherine I, Empress (1725–1727)
• Peter II, Emperor (1727–1730)
• Anna, Empress (1730–1740)
• Ivan VI, Emperor (1740–1741)
• Elizabeth, Empress (1741–1762)
• Peter III, Emperor (1762)
• Catherine II, Empress (1762–1796)
• Paul, Emperor (1796–1801)

Europe: Nordic

• Denmark–Norway (complete list / complete list) –

• Frederick IV, King (1699–1730)
• Christian VI, King (1730–1746)
• Frederick V, King (1746–1766)
• Christian VII, King (1766–1808)

Europe: Southcentral

See also List of state leaders in the 18th-century Holy Roman Empire#Italy

• Papal States (complete list) –

• Innocent XII, Pope (1691–1700)
• Clement XI, Pope (1700–1721)
• Innocent XIII, Pope (1721–1724)
• Benedict XIII, Pope (1724–1730)
• Clement XII, Pope (1730–1740)
• Benedict XIV, Pope (1740–1758)
• Clement XIII, Pope (1758–1769)
• Clement XIV, Pope (1769–1774)
• Pius VI, Pope (1775–1799)
• Pius VII, Pope (1800–1823)

Southern Italy

Europe: Southwest

Andorra

• Andorra

• Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Julià Cano Thebar, Episcopal Co-Prince (1695–1714)
• Simeó de Guinda i Apeztegui, Episcopal Co-Prince (1714–1737)
• Jordi Curado i Torreblanca, Episcopal Co-Prince (1738–1747)
• Sebastià de Victoria Emparán y Loyola, Episcopal Co-Prince (1747–1756)
• Francesc Josep Catalán de Ocón, Episcopal Co-Prince (1757–1762)
• Francesc Fernández de Xátiva y Contreras, Episcopal Co-Prince (1763–1771)
• Joaquín de Santiyán y Valdivielso, Episcopal Co-Prince (1771–1779)
• Juan de García y Montenegro, Episcopal Co-Prince (1780–1783)
• Josep de Boltas, Episcopal Co-Prince (1785–1795)
• Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros, Episcopal Co-Prince (1797–1816)

• French Co-Princes (complete list) –

• various French Co-Princes (up to 1792)

Portugal

• Kingdom of Portugal (complete list) –

• Peter II, King (1683–1706)
• John V, King (1706–1750)
• Joseph I, King (1750–1777)
• Maria I, Queen (1777–1816)

Spain

• Bourbon Spain

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Charles of Austria, as Charles III, disputed King (1703–1715)
• Philip V, King (1700–1724)
• Louis I, King (1724)
• Philip V, King (1724–1746)
• Ferdinand VI, King (1746–1759)
• Charles III, King (1759–1788)
• Charles IV, King (1788–1808)

Europe: West

French

• Anjou (complete list) –

• Louis the Beloved, Duke (1710–1715)
• Philip, Duke (1730–1733)
• Louis the Desired, Duke (1755–1795)

• Monaco (complete list) –

• Louis I, Prince (1662–1701)
• Antonio I, Prince (1701–1731)
• Louise Hippolyte, Princess (1731)
• Jacques I, Prince (1731–1733)
• Honoré III, Prince (1733–1793)

Low Countries

• County of Artois (complete list) –

• Philip V, Count (1700–1713)
• Charles IV, Count (1713–1740)
• Maria Theresa, Countess (1740–1780)

• County of Drenthe (complete list) –

• William III, Stadtholder (1696–1702)
• Second Stadtholderless Period, Stadtholder (1702–1722)
• William IV, Stadtholder (1722–1751)
• William V, Stadtholder (1751–1795)

• County of Flanders (complete list) –

• Philip VII, Count (1700–1706)
• Charles V, Count (1714–1740)
• Maria Theresa, Countess (1740–1780)
• Francis I, Count (1740–1765)
• Joseph I, Count (1780–1790)
• Leopold, Count (1790–1792)
• Francis II, Count (1792–1835)

• Lordship of Frisia (complete list) –

• John William Friso, Stadtholder (1696–1711)
• William IV, Stadtholder (1711–1747)

• Lordship of Groningen (complete list) –

• Henriette Amalia von Anhalt, Regent (1696–1707)
• John William Friso, Stadtholder (1696–1711)
• Marie Louise von Hessen-Kassel, regentess for William IV, Stadtholder (1711–1729)
• William IV, Stadtholder (1711–1747)

• Duchy of Guelders (complete list) –

• William III, Stadtholder (1675–1702)
• Second Stadtholderless Period, Stadtholder (1702–1722)
• William IV, Stadtholder (1722–1747)

• County of Holland, Lordship of Utrecht, County of Zeeland (complete list) –

• William III, Stadtholder (1672–1702)
• Second Stadtholderless Period, Stadtholder (1702–1747)

• Lordship of Overijssel (complete list) –

• William III, Stadtholder (1675–1702)
• Second Stadtholderless Period, Stadtholder (1702–1747)
• William IV, Stadtholder (1747–1751)
• William V, Stadtholder (1751–1795)

Eurasia: Caucasus

• Principality of Abkhazia (complete list) –

• Rostom, Prince (c.1700–1730)
• Manuchar, Prince (c.1730–1750)
• Zurab, Prince (c.1750–1780)
• Keilash Ahmed–Bey, Prince (c.1780–1808)

• Kingdom of Kartli (complete list) –

• David II, King (1703–1722)
• Constantine II, vassal King under the Ottomans (1722–1732)
• Teimuraz II, vassal King under the Ottomans/Persians (1732–1744)
• Erekle II, King (1744–1762)

Oceania

Pitcairn

• Pitcairn Island (complete list) –

• Fletcher Christian, Leader (1790–1793)
• Ned Young, Leader (1793–1800)
• John Adams, Leader (1800–1829)

Wallis and Futuna

• Uvea (complete list) –

• Manuka, King (1767–1810)

• Alo (complete list) –

• Mala'evaoa, King
• Nimo o le Tano'a, King
• Veliteki, King (1748–1756)
• unspecified, King (1756–1784)
• Fonati, King (1784–c.1839)

• Sigave (complete list) –

• Tuikamea, King (1784–?)
• Inosiopogoi, King (late 18th century)
• Latuka, King (?–1800)
• Vanae, King (1800–1839)

References

1. Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910 ;page 17–19
2. Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
3. C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxix
4. C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxvif
5. C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
6. Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.
7. C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.
8. MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Volume II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362.
9. Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.
10. Hamaj Regents of the Funj Sultanate of Sinnar, accessed 2/1/2017
11. Ben-Amos (1995). The Art of Benin Revised Edition. p. 32.
12. Tilho, J. (1911), Documents Scientifiques de la Mission Tilho (1906-1909) (in French), 2, Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, pp. 505–510
13. "Nigeria: Traditional polities". Rulers.Org. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
14. Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 80-94.
15. "John Hancock". History.com. Aug 21, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
16. "Henry Laurens". Charles Pickney National Historic Site. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
17. "John Jay". History.com. Aug 21, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
18. "Samuel Huntington Governor of Connecticut, 1786–1796". Museum of Connecticut History. 2015-08-14. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
19. Bomboy, Scott (March 19, 2019). "Thomas McKean: A Founding Father with a double life". National Constitution Center.org. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
20. Longley, Robert (Feb 28, 2019). "Was John Hanson the Real First President of the United States?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
21. Stanley, Bill. "Elias Boudinot". Bill Stanley and the Forgotten Fathers. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
22. "Governor Thomas Mifflin". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. August 25, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
23. "Richard Henry Lee Biography". Biography.com. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
24. "Nathaniel Gorham, Massachusetts". Constitutin Day.com. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
25. "President Arthur St. Clair". Arthur St. Clair.com. October 26, 2012. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
26. Stanley, Bill. "Cyrus Griffin". Bill Stanley and the Forgotten Fathers. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
27. "George Washington". The White House.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
28. "John Adams". The White House.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
29. László Karoly (14 November 2014). A Turkic Medical Treatise from Islamic Central Asia: A Critical Edition of a Seventeenth-Century Chagatay Work by Subḥān Qulï Khan. BRILL. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-90-04-28498-2.
30. Orvostörténeti Közlemények: Communicationes de historia artis medicinae. Könyvtár. 2006. p. 52.
31. Nil Sarı; International Society of the History of Medicine (2005). Otuz Sekizinci Uluslararası Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 1-6 Eylül 2002. Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 845.
32. De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179–84.
33. Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis, Sultan (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228–9..
34. Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
35. Sutherland (1973–1974).
36. Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
37. Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973–1974).
38. De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1232
39. De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1233
40. De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1233–4.
41. ; L.J. van Dijk, 'De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden', Indische Gids 47 1925 & 56 1934.
42. "Facts about Sonbai Kecil and Sonbai Besar by Hans Hagerdal". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
43. Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.
44. The pedigree and chronology of the sultans is only partly known; see Schurhammer, F. (1973–1982) Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times, Vol. I–IV. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute; Jacobs, Hubert (1974–1984) Documenta Malucensia, Vol. I–III. Rome: Jesuit Historical Society; Fraassen, c.van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).
45. Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c.1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.
46. "Dato' Yazid Mat, Page 4 and 5".
47. Grewal, J.S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 0-521-63764-3. Retrieved 15 April 2014.