Sultanate of Banjar

Sultanate of Banjar or Sultanate of Banjarmasin (Banjar: Kasultanan Banjar) was a sultanate located in what is today the South Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. For most of its history, its capital was at Banjarmasin.

Sultanate of Banjar

Kesultanan Banjar
1526–1860
Flag
Location of the capital of Banjar Sultanate
StatusSultanate
CapitalBanjarmasin, Pemakuan, Tambangan, Martapura, Kayu Tangi
Common languagesBanjar [1]
Religion
Sunni Islam
GovernmentSultanate
Sultan 
• 1526–1550
Sultan Suriansyah
• 1862–1905
Sultan Muhammad Seman
History 
• Established
1526
• Disestablished
1860
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Negara Daha
Dutch East Indies
Today part of Indonesia

History

The founder of the sultanate, Raden Samudra, was of royal lineage of the Kingdom of Negara Daha. He escaped from the Kingdom of Daha to the Barito River area, because his safety was in danger, and established a new kingdom at Banjarmasin. With help from Mangkubumi Aria Taranggana, Raden Samudra converted to Islam on 24 September 1526, changing his name to Sultan Suriansyah. Banjar at first paid tribute to the Sultanate of Demak. That state met its demise in the mid-16th century, however, and Banjar was not required to send tribute to new power in Java, the Sultanate of Pajang.

Banjar rose in the first decades of the 17th century as a producer and trader of pepper. Soon, virtually all of the southwest, southeast, and eastern areas of Kalimantan island were paying tribute to the sultanate. Sultan Agung of Mataram (1613-1646), who ruled north Java coastal ports such as Jepara, Gresik, Tuban, Madura and Surabaya, planned to colonise the Banjar-dominated areas of Kalimantan in 1622, but the plan was cancelled due to inadequate resources.

In the 18th century Prince Tamjidullah I successfully transferred power to his dynasty and set Prince Nata Dilaga as its first Sultan with Panembahan Kaharudin Khalilullah. Nata Dilaga became the first king of the dynasty as Tamjidullah I in 1772, on the day of his accession calling himself Susuhunan Nata Alam.

The son of Sultan Muhammad Aliuddin Aminullah named Prince Amir, a grandson of Sultan Hamidullah, fled to the Pasir, and requested the help of his uncle Arung Tarawe (and Ratu Dewi). Amir then returned and attacked the Sultanate of Banjar with a large force of Bugis people in 1757, and tried to retake the throne of Susuhunan Nata Alam. Fearing the loss of his throne and the fall of the kingdom to the Bugis, Susuhunan Nata Alam requested the assistance of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), who dispatched a force under Captain Hoffman. The combined force defeated the Bugis, sending Amir to flee back to Pasir. After a long time, he tried to meet with Barito Banjar nobles, who disliked the VOC. Following this, Amir was arrested and exiled to Sri Lanka in 1787, and Banjar became a Dutch protectorate.

Banjarmasin War

The Dutch increased their presence in the 19th century, taking territory from the sultanate and interfering in the appointment of its rulers. Resistance led to the Banjarmasin War (1859–1863) and the abolition of the sultanate in 1860. Afterwards, the area was governed by regents in Martapura (Pangeran Jaya Pemenang) and in Amuntai (Raden Adipati Danu Raja). The regency was finally abolished in 1884. The last claimant to the throne died in 1905.

List of Sultans of Banjar
  1. 1520-1546 Sultan Suriansyah
  2. 1546-1570 Sultan Rahmatullah bin Sultan Suriansyah
  3. 1570-1595 Sultan Hidayatullah I bin Rahmatullah
  4. 1595-1638 Sultan Mustain Billah bin Sultan Hidayatullah I
  5. 1642-1647 Sultan Inayatullah bin Mustainbillah
  6. 1647-1660 Sultan Saidullah bin Sultan Inayatullah
  7. 1660-1663 Sultan Ri'ayatullah/Tahalidullah? bin Sultan Mustainbillah
  8. 1663-1679 Sultan Amrullah Bagus Kasuma bin Sultan Saidullah
  9. 1663-1679 Sultan Agung/Pangeran Suryanata II bin Sultan Inayatullah
  10. 1679-1708 Sultan Amrullah Bagus Kasuma bin Sultan Saidullah
  11. 1708-1717 Sultan Tahmidullah I/Sultan Surya Alam bin Sultan Tahlilullah/Sultan Amrullah
  12. 1717-1730 Panembahan Kasuma Dilaga bin Sultan Amrullah
  13. 1730-1734 Sultan Hamidullah/Sultan Ilhamidullah/Sultan Kuning bin Sultan Tahmidullah I
  14. 1734-1759 Sultan Tamjidullah I bin Sultan Tahlilullah
  15. 1759-1761 Sultan Muhammadillah/Muhammad Aliuddin Aminullah bin Sultan Il-Hamidullah/Sultan Kuning
  16. 1761-1801 Sultan Tahmidullah II/Sultan Nata bin Sultan Tamjidullah I
  17. 1801-1825 Sultan Sulaiman al-Mutamidullah/Sultan Sulaiman Saidullah II bin Tahmidullah II
  18. 1825-1857 Sultan Adam Al-Watsiq Billah bin Sultan Sulaiman al-Mutamidullah
  19. 1857-1859 Sultan Tamjidullah II al-Watsiqu Billah bin Pangeran Ratu Sultan Muda Abdur Rahman bin Sultan Adam

Resistance leaders against the Dutch
  1. 1859-1862 Sultan Hidayatullah Khalilullah bin Pangeran Ratu Sultan Muda Abdur Rahman bin Sultan Adam
  2. 1862 Pangeran Antasari bin Pangeran Mashud bin Sultan Amir bin Sultan Muhammad Aliuddin Aminullah
  3. 1862-1905 Sultan Muhammad Seman bin Pangeran Antasari Panembahan Amiruddin Khalifatul Mukminin

Revival

As of 2010, the sultanate was revived for cultural purpose in Martapura by Ir. Haji Gusti Khairul Saleh,Indonesian politician & regent of Banjar Regency who claimed to be descendant of royal family.[2] He also planned to rebuild Banjar royal palace using his own private fund.[3][4][5][6]

gollark: Use Ackermann's function.
gollark: Or that you talk about how terrible the server is and how you're leaving, but about seven hours later come back and begin overhauling the rules for strictness on dubious grounds.
gollark: Allegedly.
gollark: Please stop assuming motives.
gollark: Attempting to "normalize" things by cargo-culting whatever other big servers do is not actually good.

See also
  • Banjar people

References
  1. Sosial Budaya Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan - indonesia.go.id
  2. Media, Kompas Cyber. "Kesultanan Banjar Kembali Dibangkitkan". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  3. "Sultan Banjar Minta Dibangun Prototipe Kerajaan dan Keraton Sultan Suriansyah". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  4. "Sultan Khairul Saleh Punya Obsesi, Munculkan Kembali Bangunan Kerajaan Banjar di Kuin". Banjarmasin Post (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  5. Agency, ANTARA News. "Banjarmasin Siap Bangun Keraton Banjar". ANTARA News Kalimantan Selatan. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  6. "Sultan Khairul Saleh Siapkan Kompleks Pemakaman Keluarga Kesultanan Banjar, Disini Lokasinya". Banjarmasin Post (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 August 2020.

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