Voiced bilabial stop
The voiced bilabial stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨b⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial stop occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter ⟨b⟩ in obey [obeɪ](obeI).
| Voiced bilabial stop | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| b | |||
| IPA Number | 102 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | b | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0062 | ||
| X-SAMPA | b | ||
| Braille |  | ||
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| Audio sample | |||
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source · help | |||
Features
Features of the voiced bilabial stop:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a stop.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Varieties
| IPA | Description |
|---|---|
| b | plain b |
| bʷ | labialised |
| b̜ʷ | semi-labialised |
| b̹ʷ | strongly labialised |
| bʲ | palatalised |
| bʱ | breathy voiced |
| bˠ | velarised |
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | бгъу/bg"u |  | 'nine' | ||
| Arabic | Standard[1] | باب/baab/bāb | [baːb] | 'door' | See Arabic phonology |
| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | baba | [baːba] | 'father' | ||
| Armenian | Eastern[2] | բարի/bari | | 'kind' | |
| Basque | bero | [beɾo] | 'hot' | ||
| Bengali | বলো/balo | [bɔlo] | 'say!' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology | |
| Catalan[3] | bèstia | [ˈbɛstiə] | 'beast' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chinese | Southern Min | 閩/ ban | [ban] | 'Fujian province' | Only in colloquial speech. |
| Wu | 皮/ bi | [bi] | 'skin' | ||
| Xiang | 浮/ baw | [bau] | 'to float' | ||
| Czech | bota | [ˈbota] | 'boot' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch[4] | boer | [buːr] | 'farmer' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | aback | | 'aback' | See English phonology | |
| Esperanto | batalo | [baˈtalo] | 'war' | See Esperanto phonology | |
| Filipino | buto | [buto] | 'bone' | ||
| French[5] | boue | [bu] | 'mud' | See French phonology | |
| Georgian[6] | ბავშვი/ bavshvi | [ˈbavʃvi] | 'child' | ||
| German | aber | | 'but' | See Standard German phonology | |
| Greek | μπόχα / bócha | [ˈbo̞xa] | 'reek' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Gujarati | બક્રી/bakri | [bəkri] | 'goat' | See Gujarati phonology | |
| Hebrew | בית/bait | [bajit] | 'house' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | |
| Hindi | बाल/baal | [bɑːl] | 'hair' | Contrasts with aspirated version ⟨भ⟩. See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Hungarian | baba | [ˈbɒbɒ] | 'baby' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Italian[7] | bile | [ˈbile] | 'rage' | See Italian phonology | |
| Japanese[8] | 番 / ban | [baɴ] | '(one's) turn' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Kabardian | бгъуы/bg"uy | | 'nine' | ||
| Korean | 지붕 / jibung | [t͡ɕibuŋ] | 'roof' | See Korean phonology | |
| Kurdish | Northern | bav | [bɑːv] | 'father' | See Kurdish phonology |
| Central | باوک/bâwk | [bɑːwk] | |||
| Southern | باوگ/bâwig | [bɑːwɨg] | |||
| Luxembourgish[9] | geblosen | [ɡ̊əˈbloːzən] | 'blown' | More often voiceless [p].[9] See Luxembourgish phonology | |
| Macedonian | убав/ubav | [ˈubav] | 'beautiful' | See Macedonian phonology | |
| Malay | baru | [bäru] | 'new' | ||
| Maltese | għatba | [aːtˈba] | 'threshold' | ||
| Marathi | बटाटा/baṭaaṭaa | [bəˈʈaːʈaː] | 'potato' | See Marathi phonology | |
| Nepali | बाटो/baṭo | [bäʈo] | 'path' | See Nepali phonology | |
| Norwegian | bål | [ˈbɔːl] | 'bonfire' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Persian | خوب/ khub | [xub] | 'good' | See Persian phonology | |
| Pirahã | pibaóí | [ˈpìbàóí̯] | 'parent' | ||
| Polish[10] | bas | | 'bass' | See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese[11] | bato | [ˈbatʊ] | 'I strike' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Punjabi | ਬਿੱਲੀ/billi | [bɪlːi] | 'cat' | ||
| Romanian[12] | bou | [bow] | 'bull' | See Romanian phonology. | |
| Russian[13] | рыба/ryba | [ˈrɨbə] | 'fish' | Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology | |
| Serbo-Croatian[14] | биће / biće | [bǐːt͡ɕě] | 'creature' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Slovak | byť | [bi̞c̟] | 'to be' | ||
| Spanish[15] | invertir | [ĩmbe̞ɾˈt̪iɾ] | 'to invest' | See Spanish phonology | |
| Swedish | bra | [ˈbɾɑː] | 'good' | May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology | |
| Thai | บำบัด/bambat | [bam.bat̚] | 'therapy' | See Thai phonology | |
| Turkish | bulut | [ˈbuɫut̪] | 'cloud' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Ukrainian[16] | брат | [brɑt̪] | 'brother' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Urdu | بال/baal | [bɑːl] | 'hair' | Contrasts with aspirated version(بھ). See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| West Frisian | bak | [bak] | 'tray' | ||
| Yi | ꁧ / bbo | [bo˧] | 'mountain' | ||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[17] | bald | [bal͡d] | 'few' | |
gollark: We should not meet as this would provide information about my location and appearance.
gollark: Some hard things are satisfying to work on because of being intellectually challenging and such, but not exactly hard*ships* like "hmm I have cancer now" or "I accidentally lost all my money to a swarm of bees".
gollark: Some difficult things are just interesting puzzly things which are frustrating at worst.
gollark: Some hardships are really awful and do not give you much feeling of reward for overcoming it. Some you *can't* really overcome (with current technology) e.g. terminal cancer.
gollark: Yes, there is not *actually* any enforced symmetry like this.
See also
- Betacism
- List of phonetics topics
Notes
- Thelwall (1990:37)
- Dum-Tragut (2009:13)
- Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- Gussenhoven (1992:45)
- Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
- Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
- Okada (1999:117)
- Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
- Jassem (2003:103)
- Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- DEX Online :
- Padgett (2003:42)
- Landau et al. (1999), p. 66.
- Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
- Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
- Merrill (2008:108)
References
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
- Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
- Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
- Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
- Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
- Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
External links
- List of languages with [b] on PHOIBLE
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