International Phonetic Association

The International Phonetic Association (IPA; French: Association phonétique internationale, API) is an organization that promotes the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science. The IPA's major contribution to phonetics is the International Phonetic Alphabet—a notational standard for the phonetic representation of all languages. The acronym IPA refers to both the association and the alphabet. On 30 June 2015, it was incorporated as a British private company limited by guarantee.[2][3]

"ICPhS" redirects here. For the non-governmental organization, see International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies.
International Phonetic Association
AbbreviationIPA
Formation1886
FounderPaul Passy
TypePrivate company limited by guarantee
PurposeScientific study of phonetics
President
Michael Ashby[1]
Key people
Main organ
Journal of the International Phonetic Association
Websitewww.internationalphoneticassociation.org

The IPA also publishes the Journal of the International Phonetic Association. In addition, it arranges for the quadrennial International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS)[4] through its affiliate, the Permanent Council for the Organization of ICPhS.

Early history

In 1886, a small group of language teachers in Paris formed an association to encourage the use of phonetic notation in schools to help children acquire realistic pronunciations of foreign languages and also to aid in teaching reading to young children. The group, led by Paul Passy, called itself initially Dhi Fonètik Tîtcerz' Asóciécon (the FTA). In January 1889, the name of the Association was changed to L'Association Phonétique des Professeurs de Langues Vivantes (AP), and, in 1897, to L'Association Phonétique Internationale (API)—in English, the International Phonetic Association (IPA). The IPA's early peak of membership and influence in education circles was around 1914, when there were 1751 members in 40 countries. World War I and its aftermath severely disrupted the Association's activities, and the Journal did not resume regular publication until 1922.

Development of the Alphabet
Main article: History of the International Phonetic Alphabet

The group's initial aim was to create a set of phonetic symbols to which different articulations could apply, such that each language would have an alphabet particularly suited to describe the sounds of the language. Eventually it was decided that a universal alphabet, with the same symbol being used for the same sound in different languages was the ideal, and development of the International Phonetic Alphabet progressed rapidly up to the turn of the 20th century. Since then, there have been several sets of changes to the Alphabet, with additions and deletions that the progress of the science of phonetics has indicated.

Examinations

The IPA also has given examinations in phonetics since 1908, awarding Certificates of Proficiency in the phonetics of English, French, or German.

gollark: As far as I know hosting videos isn't very hard in these modern days of the interwebs, but monetizing them is more problematic.
gollark: Compile them into one large video of destroying lots of invasive pests?
gollark: Cool, looks very mountainous.
gollark: There was something in the xkcd what if book about a fungus thing with a toxin that stops some RNA polymerases working, which has presumably similar effects. Apparently you die within a few days.
gollark: Hmm, that is many lizards. I've noticed while on holidays that they seem to be quite prevalent in hotter countries in Europe and stuff, but basically not at all here.

See also

References
  1. Keating, Patricia (7 July 2019). "New officers for the Association". International Phonetic Association. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  2. About the Association
  3. "The International Phonetic Association". Companies House.
  4. IPA: Conferences

Further reading
  • International Phonetic Association. (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.