Voiced alveolar implosive

The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɗ⟩. The IPA symbol is lowercase letter d with a rightward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter.

"Alveolar implosive" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, see Voiceless alveolar implosive.
Voiced alveolar implosive
ɗ
IPA Number162
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɗ
Unicode (hex)U+0257
X-SAMPAd_<
Braille
Audio sample
source · help

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar implosive:

  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.

Occurrence
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Arabic Bahrani Arabic دار [ɗaːr] 'house' Corresponds to [d] in Standard Arabic and other varieties. See Arabic phonology
Ega[1][ɗá]'hide'
Fulaɗiɗi[ɗiɗi]'two'
Goemaiḍal[ɗal]'to swallow'
Hausaɗaiɗai[ɗei̯ɗei̯]'one at a time'
Jamaican[2]dem[ɗem]'them'Allophone of /d/ in the onset of prominent syllables
Kalabari[3]ḍa[ɗà]'father'
Karajáti[ɗi]'bone'
Khmerដប់[ɗɑp]'ten'
Mono[4]ku‘da[kūɗā]'debt'
Ongota[ɡaːɗa]'dull'
Paumarí[5]'bo'da[ɓoɗa]'old'
Seereer-Siin[6]biɗ[biɗ]'flower'Contrasts phonemically with voiceless implosive
Sindhiڏر[ɗarʊ]'crevice'
Tera[7]ɗana[ɗàna]'to talk'
Tukang Besi[piɗi]'rubbish'
Vietnamese[8]đuôi[ɗuəj]'tail'In free variation with [ʔd]. See Vietnamese phonology
Wambule[ɗi]'name'


gollark: It encourages people to not write code which can deal with sudden interuptions.
gollark: Persistence somewhat bad.
gollark: Although it never actually got much use beyond as a fun toy, sadly.
gollark: It's mostly used on SC, though, where ender chest bulk item-stealing is against the rules.
gollark: The thing is designed to only leave items in insecure public ender chests for ~0.1 seconds at most.

See also

Notes
  1. Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
  2. Devonish & Harry (2004:456)
  3. Harry (2003:113)
  4. Olson (2004:233)
  5. Everett (2003:23)
  6. Mc Laughlin (2005:100)
  7. Tench (2007:228)
  8. Thompson (1959:458–461)

References
  • Connell, Bruce; Ahoua, Firmin; Gibbon, Dafydd (2002), "Ega", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (1): 99–104, doi:10.1017/S002510030200018X
  • Devonish, H; Harry, Otelamate G. (2004), "Jamaican phonology", in Kortman, B; Shneider E. W. (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English, phonology, 1, Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, pp. 441–471
  • Everett, Daniel L. (2003), "Iambic Feet in Paumari and the Theory of Foot Structure", Linguistic Discovery, 2 (1), doi:10.1349/ps1.1537-0852.a.263, ISSN 1537-0852
  • Harry, Otelemate (2003), "Kalaḅarị-Ịjo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 113–120, doi:10.1017/S002510030300121X
  • Keer, Edward (1999), Geminates, The OCP and The Nature of CON, Rutgers University
  • Mc Laughlin, Fiona (2005), "Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 201–214, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002215
  • Olson, Kenneth S. (2004), "Mono" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 233–238, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001744
  • Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
  • Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
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