Tilquiapan Zapotec

Tilquiapan Zapotec (Zapoteco de San Miguel Tilquiápam) is an Oto-Manguean language of the Zapotecan branch, spoken in southern Oaxaca, Mexico.

Tilquiapan Zapotec
San Miguel Tilquiápam
RegionOaxaca in Mexico
Native speakers
5,000 (2007)[1]
Oto-Manguean
Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3zts
Glottologtilq1235[2]

Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec is close enough to be considered a dialect, and Ocotlán Zapotec is also close. They were measured at 87% and 59% intelligibility, respectively, in recorded text testing.[3]

Sounds

Vowels
Vowel phonemes of Tilquiapan Zapotec[4]
Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Mid ɘ o
Open a

Each vowel can also be glottalized, a phenomenon manifested as either creaky voice throughout the vowel or, more commonly, as a sequence of a vowel and a glottal stop optionally followed by an echo of the vowel.[5]

Consonants
Consonant phonemes of Tilquiapan Zapotec[6]
Bilabial Dental/
Alveolar		 Post-
alveolar		 Palatal Velar
plain labialized
Nasal m nː n
Plosive pː b tː d tːʃ dʒ kː ɡ kːʷ ɡʷ
Fricative sː z ʃː ʒ
Approximant central j
lateral l͡d l

As with other Zapotec languages, the primary distinction between consonant pairs like /t/ and /d/ is not of voicing but between fortis and lenis (measured in length[7]), respectively, with voicing being a phonetic correlate.[6] There are two exceptions to this in Tilquiapan:

  • The contrast between fortis /nː/ and lenis /n/
  • The contrast between fortis /ld/ and lenis /l/

Neither is voiceless, but /nˑ/ is pronounced a little longer and /ld/ replaces /l/ in certain causative verbs in ways similar to other fortis/lenis consonantal changes (e.g. [blaˀa] 'get loose' vs. [bldaˀa] 'let loose').[6]

Notes
  1. Tilquiapan Zapotec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tilquiapan Zapotec". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Egland, Cruz Ramos & Bartholomew (1978)
  4. Merrill (2008), p. 109
  5. Merrill (2008), p. 110
  6. Merrill (2008), p. 108
  7. See Nellis & Hollenbach (1980)
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gollark: Not very sure, no.
gollark: In summer there are sometimes service outages because it runs out of clouds.
gollark: We use cloud hosting. I have a bunch of radio antennas and transceivers pointing to some nearby clouds for data storage.

References
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