Voiceless uvular trill

The voiceless uvular trill is less common than its voiced counterpart.

Voiceless uvular trill
ʀ̥
IPA Number	123 402A
Encoding
X-SAMPA	R\_0
Audio sample
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Features

Features of the voiceless uvular trill:

• Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.

• Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.

• Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.

• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.

• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Baïnounk Gubëeher	Some speakers[1]				Word-final allophone of /r/.
Dutch	Standard Dutch	goed	[ʀ̥uːt]	'good'	Allophone of /r/ before voiceless consonants and word-finally for speakers with an uvular /r/.[2] Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology
French	Belgian[3]	triste	[t̪ʀ̥is̪t̪œ]	'sad'	Allophone of /r/ after voiceless consonants; can be a fricative [χ] instead.[3] See French phonology
German	Standard[4]	treten	[ˈtʀ̥eːtn̩]	'to step'	Possible allophone of /r/ after voiceless consonants for speakers that realize /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ].[4] See Standard German phonology
	Chemnitz dialect[5]	Rock	[ʀ̥ɔkʰ]	'skirt'	In free variation with [ʁ̞], [ʁ], [χ] and [q]. Doesn't occur in the coda.[5]
Limburgish	Hasselt dialect[6]	geer	[ɣeːʀ̥]	'odour'	Possible word-final allophone of /r/; may be alveolar [r̥] instead.[7]
Spanish	Ponce dialect[8]	perro	[ˈpe̞ʀ̥o̞]	'dog'	This and [χ] are the primary realizations of /r/ in this dialect.[8] See Spanish phonology

See also

• Index of phonetics articles
• Uvular trill

Notes

1. Cobbinah (2013), p. 166.
2. Verhoeven (2005), p. 245.
3. Demolin (2001), pp. 65, 67-68, 70-71.
4. Krech et al. (2009), p. 86.
5. Khan & Weise (2013), p. 235.
6. Peters (2006).
7. While Peters (2006) does not state that explicitly, he uses the symbol ⟨r̥⟩ for many instances of the word-final /r/.
8. "ProQuest Document View - The Spanish of Ponce, Puerto Rico: A phonetic, phonological, and intonational analysis".

References

• Cobbinah, Alexander Yao (2013), Nominal classification and verbal nouns in Baïnounk Gubëeher (PDF), University of London
• Demolin, Didier (2001), "Some phonetic and phonological observations concerning /ʀ/ in Belgian French", in van de Velde, Hans; van Hout, Roeland (eds.), 'r-atics, Brussels: Etudes & Travaux, pp. 61–73, ISSN 0777-3692
• Khan, Sameer ud Dowla; Weise, Constanze (2013), "Upper Saxon (Chemnitz dialect)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (2): 231–241, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000145
• Krech, Eva Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian (2009), Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6
• Peters, Jörg (2006), "The dialect of Hasselt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 117–124, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002428
• Verhoeven, Jo (2005), "Belgian Standard Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 243–247, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002173