Shenzhen Metro

The Shenzhen Metro (simplified Chinese: 深圳地铁; traditional Chinese: 深圳地鐵; pinyin: Shēnzhèn Dìtiě) is the rapid transit system for the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong province, China. The system opened on 28 December 2004. The network underwent major expansion prior to the 2011 Summer Universiade and with three new lines in 2016. The extensions opened on 18 August 2020 put the network at 382.1 kilometres (237.4 miles) of trackage operating on 10 lines with 266 stations.[4] Shenzhen Metro 4th was longest in China and 6th longest in the world's List of metro systems in Augest 2020. By 2030 the network is planned to be 8 express and 24 non-express lines totalling 1142 kilometres of trackage.

Shenzhen Metro

Overview
Locale	Shenzhen
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	Ten: 123456791011
Number of stations	266[1]
Daily ridership	5.5 million (2017) 6.63 million (2019 Peak)[2]
Annual ridership	1.8775 billion (2018)[3]
Website	SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group) MTR Corporation (Shenzhen) (Chinese only)
Operation
Began operation	28 December 2004 (2004-12-28)
Operator(s)	SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group) MTR Corporation (Shenzhen)
Technical
System length	382.1 km (237.4 mi)[4]
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in) (Standard Gauge)
Top speed	80 km/h (50 mph) (Line 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10) 85 km/h (53 mph) (Line 3) 100 km/h (62 mph) (Line 6) 120 km/h (75 mph) (Line 11)
System map

Shenzhen Metro
Simplified Chinese	深圳地铁
Traditional Chinese	深圳地鐵
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Shēnzhèn Dìtiě Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Sàmján Dèihtít Jyutping Sam1zan3 Dei6tit3

History

Evolution of the Shenzhen metro

Early planning

In late 1983, Party Secretary of Shenzhen Mayor Liang Xiang led a team to Singapore to study its mass transit system. Upon returning it was decided that 30 meters on each side of Shennan Avenue should be protected as a green belt, and to set aside a 16-meter wide median reserved for a light rail or light metro line.[5] In 1984, the "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Master Plan (1985–2000)" pointed out that, with the growing population and traffic in Shenzhen, a light metro system would not have sufficient capacity to meet future demand. Instead the report proposed a heavy rail subway line to be built along Shennan Avenue.[6] The project was finally approved by the Central Planning Department in 1992.[7]

In August 1992, during and re-feasibility and rail network planning, The Shenzhen Municipal Government decided to move from building a light metro line to a heavy rail subway line. The rapid growth of Shenzhen City made a lower capacity light metro line impractical.[8] In 1994, Shenzhen organized the preparation of the "Shenzhen urban rail network master plan" to be incorporated into the "Shenzhen City Master Plan (1996–2010)".[9] The city's vision for an urban rail network would consists of nine lines. Of the nine transit lines, three of them would be commuter rail lines upgraded from existing national mainline railways. The total length of the proposed network would be about 270 km. The three upgraded commuter rail lines would overlap the Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway, Pinghu–Nanshan railway and Pingyan railway.[9] This plan established the basic framework for the Shenzhen Metro network.[10]

Construction suspended and restarted

In December 1995, the State Council issued the "moratorium on approval of urban rapid transit projects" to suspend approval of rail transit projects in all Chinese cities except Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. The Shenzhen Metro project was postponed.[11] In 1996, prior to the handover of Hong Kong, authorities attempted to restart construction by renaming the project "The Luohu, Huanggang / Lok Ma Chau border crossing passenger rail connection project", stressing that the project is designed to meet the potential growing demand for cross-border passenger traffic after the handover.[9]

In 1997, Shenzhen reapplied its Subway plans to the State Planning Commission, and received approval in May 1998.[8] The project was renamed the "Shenzhen Metro first phase".[12] In July 1998, SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group). was formally established.[12] By April 1999, the subway project feasibility study report has been approved by the state.

Phase I (1998-2004)

Construction of the first sections of Line 1 and Line 4 began in 1999. The grand opening of the Shenzhen Metro system occurred at 5:00pm on Tuesday, December 28, 2004. This made Shenzhen the seventh city in mainland China to have a subway after Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian and Wuhan.

Initially the trains operated at 15-minute frequencies and consisted of Line 1 services between Luohu and Shijie Zhi Chuang (now Window of the World) and the Line 4 services between Fumin and Shaonian Gong (now Children's Palace). Initially the English names of the stations were rendered in Hanyu Pinyin, but some of the names were changed to English translation with American spelling in mid-2011.

The Futian Checkpoint station opened on 28 June 2007 using the name Huanggang.[13]

Name changes

On April 23, 2008, Shenzhen Municipal Planning Bureau announced that it would change the nomenclature of Shenzhen's subway lines according to the "2007 Urban Rail Transit Plan Scheme". Instead of using numbers as the lines official designation, as typically used in other mainland Chinese metro systems, lines would be given Chinese names more akin to the Hong Kong MTR.[14] In 2010, the Scheme was reviewed and adjusted with new routes and names in addition to newly proposed lines. On 23 October 2013, the SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group) decided that current operational lines will have their number and names combined, while future lines will only be numbered.[15] Due to the change in the construction order of several lines, some numerical names have been reviewed in order to prevent big jump between numbers. By 2016, only numerical names are used.

Lines currently in operation:

Original No.	2007 Scheme	2010 Scheme	Current name
Line 1	Luobao Line	Luobao Line (Line 1)	Line 1
Line 2	Shekou Line	Shekou Line (Line 2)	Line 2
Line 3	Longgang Line	Longgang Line (Line 3)	Line 3
Line 4	Longhua Line	Longhua Line (Line 4)	Line 4
Line 5	Huanzhong Line	Huanzhong Line (Line 5)	Line 5
Line 7	Xili Line	Xili Line (Line 7)	Line 7
Line 9	Neihuan Line	Meilin Line (Line 9)	Line 9
Line 11	Airport Line	Airport Line (Line 11)	Line 11

Lines under construction:

Original No.	2007 Scheme	2010 Scheme	Current Name
Line 8	Yantian Line	Yantian Line (Line 8)	Line 2 Extension (Line 8 Phase 1)
Line 16	Pinghu Line	Bantian Line (Line 16/Line 10)	Line 10
Line 10	Bao'an Line	Nanbao Line (Line 10/Line 12)	Line 12
Line 15	Shiyan Line	Shiyan Line (Line 15/Line 13)	Line 13
Line 14	Eastern Express	Eastern Express (Line 14)	Line 14
Line 12	Pingshan Line	Longping Line (Line 12/Line 16)	Line 16
-	-	Fuyong Line (Line 20)	Line 20 (International Expo Conveyance Project)

Phase II (2007-2011)

From 2004 to 2007, there was a lack of official government interest and attention to expanding the subway after completion of Phase 1 with little or no active projects.[16] Subway construction speed was ridiculed as "earthworm speed".[17] On 17 January 2007 Shenzhen won the right to host the 2011 Universiade. In the bid Shenzhen committed to complete 155 km of subway lines before the games.[16] The mayor of Shenzhen at the time, Xu Zongheng, sharply criticized the speed and efficiency of Shenzhen's subway construction procedures and calls for reform.[18] Subsequently, the Shenzhen municipal government and various departments signed a liability form, requiring Phase II subway expansion to be completed in time for the Universiade.[19] Shenzhen Metro increased to over a hundred operating metro stations in June 2011, just before the Shenzhen Universiade games. In the span of two weeks, the network expanded from 64 km to 177 km. This expansion increased rail transit's share of total public transit trips from 6% to 29% in 2014.[20][21][22][23]

Date Opened	Line	Termini		Length in km	Stations
28 September 2009	Line 1 - section 2 (trial)	Window of the World	Shenzhen University	3.39	3
28 December 2010	Line 2 - phase 1	Chiwan	Window of the World	15.1	12
	Line 3 - phase 1	Shuanglong	Caopu	25.6	16
15 June 2011	Line 1 - section 2	Shenzhen University	Airport East	23.6	12
16 June 2011	Line 4 - phase 2 (first north extension)	Children's Palace	Qinghu	15.9	10
22 June 2011	Line 5	Qianhaiwan	Huangbeiling	40.0	27
28 June 2011	Line 2 - phase 2 (first east extension)	Window of the World	Xinxiu	20.65	17
	Line 3 - phase 2 (first south extension)	Caopu	Yitian	16.52	14

Phase III (2012-2020)

In 2010, the Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resources Committee proposed a building program (Phase III) between 2011 and 2020. In 2011 this plan was approved by the NDRC. Phase III formally commenced in May 2011 with an expected cost of 125.6 billion yuan. It will cover Lines 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11 and will extend the length of the Shenzhen Metro to 348 kilometres and 10 lines.[24][25] In June 2011, the Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resources Commission started gather public input on Phase III station names.[26] On June 28, 2016 Line 11 opened being the first subway line in Shenzhen with 8 car trains and 120 km/h maximum service speed and the first in China with a First Class service. Lines 7 and 9 followed on October 28, 2016. South extension of Line 5 opened on 28 September 2019 and west extension of Line 9 opened on 8 December 2019. Line 6 and Line 10 opened on 18 August 2020 bringing the length of the Shenzhen Metro to 382.1 km and the fourth longest in China.

Date Opened	Line	Termini		Length in km	Stations
28 June 2016	Line 11	Futian	Bitou	51.936	18
28 October 2016	Line 7	Tai'an	Xili Lake	30.173	28
	Line 9 - phase 1	Wenjin	Hongshuwan South	25.38	22
28 September 2019	Line 5 - phase 2	Qianhaiwan	Chiwan	7.65[27]	7
8 December 2019	Line 9 - phase 2	Hongshuwan South	Qianwan	10.79[28]	10
18 August 2020	Line 6 - phase 1 & 2	Science Museum	Songgang	49.4[29]	27
	Line 10	Futian Checkpoint	Shuangyong Street	29.3[30]	24

Current system

The extensions opened on 18 August 2020 put the network at 382.1 kilometres (237.4 miles)[4] of trackage operating on 10 lines with 266 stations. Shenzhen Metro 4th was longest in China and 6th longest in the world's List of metro systems in Augest 2020. Line 1 and Line 4 run to the border crossings between the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region at Luohu/Lo Wu and Futian Checkpoint/Lok Ma Chau, where riders can transfer to Hong Kong's MTR East Rail line for travel onward to Hong Kong.

Map of Shenzhen Metro

Line	Terminals (District)		Service patterns	Commencement	Latest extension	Length km	Stations	Operator
011	Luohu (Luohu)	Airport East (Bao'an)	Luohu ↔ Airport East Rush Hour: Luohu ↔ Xixiang Partial:Luohu ↔ Zhuzilin	2004	2011	41.04	30	Shenzhen Metro Group
022	Chiwan (Nanshan)	Xinxiu (Luohu)	Chiwan ↔ Xinxiu AM Rush Hour: Wanxia ↔ Xinxiu Partial:Houhai↔Xinxiu	2010	2011	35.78	29
033	Yitian (Futian)	Shuanglong (Longgang)	Yitian ↔ Shuanglong Rush Hour: Huaxin ↔ Tangkeng Partial:Yitian ↔ Tangkeng	2010	2011	41.66	30
044	Futian Checkpoint (Futian)	Qinghu (Longhua)	Futian Checkpoint ↔ Qinghu AM Rush Hour: Futian Checkpoint ↔ Hongshan	2004	2011	19.96	15	MTR Corporation (Shenzhen)
055	Chiwan (Nanshan)	Huangbeiling (Luohu)	Chiwan ↔ Huangbeiling Rush Hour: Qianhaiwan ↔ Huangbeiling Partial:Changlingpi ↔ Chiwan Changlingpi ↔ Huangbeiling	2011	2019	47.393[31]	34	Shenzhen Metro Group
066	Science Museum (Futian)	Songgang (Bao'an)	Science Museum ↔ Songgang Partial:Songgang ↔ Fenghuang Town/Science Museum↔Fenghuang Town	2020	—	49.4[32]	27
07 7	Xili Lake (Nanshan)	Tai'an (Luohu)	Xili Lake ↔ Tai'an Partial:Antuo Hill ↔ Tai'an/Xili↔Tai'an	2016	—	30.173[33]	27
09 9	Qianwan (Nanshan)	Wenjin (Luohu)	Qianwan ↔ Wenjin Partial:Shenzhen Bay Park ↔ Wenjin	2016	2019	36.18	32
1010	Futian Checkpoint (Futian)	Shuangyong Street (Longgang)	Futian Checkpoint ↔ Shuangyong Street Partial:Futian Checkpoint → Gankeng	2020	—	29.3[34]	24
11 11	Futian (Futian)	Bitou (Bao'an)	Futian ↔ Bitou Partial:Futian ↔ Songgang AM Rush Hour: Futian ↔ Airport North	2016	—	51.94	18
Total						382.1[4]	266

Line 1

Main article: Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 1 formerly known as the Luobao line runs westward from Luohu to Airport East. Trains operate every 2 minutes during peak hours and every 4 minutes at other times. The line is operated by SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group).

• 28 December 2004: Luohu – Window of the World
• 28 September 2009: Window of the World – Shenzhen University
• 15 June 2011: Shenzhen University – Airport East[35]

Line 2

Main article: Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 2 formerly known as the Shekou line runs from Chiwan to Xinxiu. It connects with Line 1 at Window of the World, with Line 4 at Civic Center, with Line 3 at Futian and with Line 1 again at Grand Theater. The line is operated by SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group).

• 28 December 2010: Chiwan – Window of the World[36]
• 28 June 2011: Window of the World – Xinxiu

Line 3

Main article: Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 3 formerly known as the Longgang line runs from Yitian to Shuanlong in Longgang, in the north-east part of the city. Construction began on 26 December 2005.[37] The line is operated by Shenzhen Metro Line 3 Operations, which has been a subsidiary of SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group) since 11 April 2011 when an 80% stake was transferred to SZMC.

• 28 December 2010: Caopu – Shuanglong
• 28 June 2011: Yitian – Caopu[38]

Line 4

Main article: Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 4 formerly known as the Longhua line runs northward from Futian Checkpoint to Qinghu. Trains operate every 2.5 minutes at peak hours and every 6 minutes during off-peak hours. Stations from Futian Checkpoint to Shangmeilin Station are underground. The line has been operated by MTR Corporation (Shenzhen), a subsidiary of MTR Corporation, since 1 July 2010.

• 28 December 2004: Fumin – Children's Palace
• 28 June 2007: Futian Checkpoint – Fumin
• 16 June 2011: Children's Palace – Qinghu

Line 5

Main article: Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 5 formerly known as the Huanzhong line runs from Chiwan in the west to Huangbeiling in the east. Construction began in May 2009 and the line opened on 22 June 2011.[39] Line 5 required a total investment of 20.6 billion RMB. The line is operated by SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group).

• 22 June 2011: Qianhaiwan – Huangbeiling
• 28 September 2019: Qianhaiwan – Chiwan

Line 6

Main article: Line 6 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 6 formerly known as the Guangming line runs from Songgang in the north to Science Museum in the south, with a length of 49.4 km and a total of 27 stations. Construction began in August 2015 and the line opened on 18 August 2020. The line is operated by SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group).

• 18 Augest 2020: Science Museum – Songgang

Line 7

Main article: Line 7 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 7 formerly known as the Xili line of the Shenzhen Metro opened on 28 October 2016, with a length of 30.173 km[33] and a total of 27 stations. It connects the Xili Lake to Tai'an. The line travels East–West across Shenzhen in a "V" shape. The line is operated by SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group).

• 28 October 2016: Xili Lake – Tai'an

Line 9

Main article: Line 9 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 9 formerly known as the Meilin line or Neihuan line of the Shenzhen Metro opened on 28 October 2016. The line runs eastward from Qianwan to Wenjin. It has 10 transfer stations. The line is 36.18 km long, running through the districts of Nanshan, Futian and Luohu. The line is operated by SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group).

• 28 October 2016: Hongshuwan South – Wenjin
• 8 December 2019: Qianwan – Hongshuwan South

Line 10

Main article: Line 10 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 10 formerly known as the Pinghu line runs from Futian Checkpoint in the south to Shuangyong Street in the north, with a length of 29.3 and a total of 24 stations. Construction began in September 2015 and the line opened on 18 Augest 2020. The line is operated by SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group).

• 18 Augest 2020: Futian Checkpoint – Shuangyong Street

Line 11

Main article: Line 11 (Shenzhen Metro)

Line 11, also known as the Airport Express, runs from Bitou in the north-east to Futian in the city centre via Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport. Construction began in April 2012 and the line opened on 28 June 2016. Line 11 runs at a higher speed of 120 km/h. The line is operated by SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group).

• 28 June 2016: Bitou – Futian

Future expansion

Phase III revised expansion

Anticipated development and growth in Longgang has prompted officials to fast-track the planning and construction of Line 10 (formerly Line 16), from Futian Free Trade Zone to Pinghu via Meilin, to start in 2015 instead of after 2020.[40][41][42] Although Line 10 is not part of the original three projects (Lines 7, 9 and 11) approved by the National Development and Reform Commission, the project was fast tracked in order to ease the pressure on Line 4 and accommodate further growth of the Longgang area.[43][44] According to the original plan, the northern section of Line 10 runs through Fenggang town of the neighboring Dongguan City. Due to legal and government coordination problems, Line 10 will temporarily terminate in Pinghu, with capability to extend further north into Dongguan.[45] In addition, extension projects of Line 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9, a total of 83.9 km of new subway, were added to the revised plan.[46]

Expected Opening	Line	Expected Terminals		Expected Length in km	Expected Stations	Current Status
October 2020[47]	Line 3 - phase 3 (second south extension)	Yitian	Futian Bonded Area	1.5	1	Under construction[48][49]
	Line 4 - phase 3 (second north extension)	Qinghu	Niuhu	10.791[50]	8	Under construction[48][51][52]
	Line 8 - phase 1	Liantang	Yantian Road	12.367[53]	7	Under construction[54][55]
	Line 2 - phase 3 (second east extension)	Xinxiu	Liantang	3.82	3	Under construction[56][48][51]

A map with Third phase lines.

Phase IV & Phase IV revised expansion

With the shortening of the Phase III implementation period,[57] a number of lines (Lines 16 and 12) planned in 2007's Phase III moved into the next phase which could possibly be completed by 2020.[58] By 2016, it was determined that Phase 4 will have an implementation period between 2017 and 2022 and consist of 274 km of new subway.[59] Lines 13 and 14 which originally had a long term 2030 completion deadline were moved to Phase IV expansion. In addition, a branch line of Line 6 will connect with the neighboring Dongguan Rail Transit system.[60] Lines 12, 13, 14, and 16 and branch of Line 6 started construction in January 2018.[23] The first phase of Line 20 was fast tracked from Phase IV to provide a shuttle between Line 11 and a new International Convention Center. The construction started in September 2016, but as for early 2019, the construction is paused because the Development and Reform Commission did not approve the project.

A map with fourth phase lines.

Phase IV expansion

Line 12, 13, 14, 16, and the branch of Line 6 was approved by the NDRC in July 2017.[61]

Expected opening	Line	Expected terminals		Expected length in km	Expected stations	Current status
2022	Line 12	Zuopaotai	Haishangtianyuan East	40.54	33	Under construction[23][62][63]
	Line 13	Shenzhen Bay Checkpoint	Shangwu	22.45	16	Under construction[23][60][64][65][66]
	Line 14	Gangxia North	Shatian	50.3[23]	17[23]	Under construction[23]
	Line 6 Branch	Guangming	Sun Yat-sen University	6.4	3	Under construction[23][60]
2023	Line 16	Universiade	Tianxin	29.2	24	Under construction[23][67][68]

Phase IV revised expansion

The Phase IV revised plan approved by the NDRC on March 26, 2020.[69]

Expected opening	Line	Expected terminals		Expected length in km	Expected stations	Current status	References
September 2021	Line 20	Airport North	International Convention Center	8.43	5	Under construction[70]
2024	Line 8 Phase 2	Yantian Road	Xiaomeisha	8.025	4	Under Construction[71]
2025	Line 3 - phase 4 (east extension)	Shuanglong	Pingdi Liulian	9.35	7	Under construction
	Line 5 West Extension (Phase 1 remaining section)	Huangbeiling	Grand Theater	2.87	3	Under Construction[72]
	Line 11 - phase 2	Futian	Hongling South	5.58	3	Under construction
	Line 13 - phase 2 (North extension)	Shangwu	Gongming North	18.8	11	Under construction
TBA	Line 6 Branch south extension	Guangmingcheng	Guangming	4.9	3	Planned
	Line 7 - East extension	Xili Lake	Xuefu Hospital	2.45	2	Planned
	Line 8 - Phase 3	Xiaomeisha	Xichong	4.26	1	Planned
	Line 12 - North extension	Haishangtianyuan East	Songgang	8.16	5	Planned
	Line 13 - South extension	Shenzhen Bay Checkpoint	Dongjiaotou	4.47	3	Planned
	Line 16 - South extension	Universiade	Xikeng	9.53	9	Planned

Long-term plan

In the Shenzhen Metro 2007 masterplan proposed four more lines (Lines 13, 14, 15 and 16) which have a planned completion target of 2030.[73] In 2016, all aforementioned lines but Line 15 were designated as part of the Phase IV expansion, moving the completion date forward from 2030 to 2022. In 2012, four further lines Qiannan (Line 17), Pinghu (Line 18), Pingshan (Line 19) and Fuyong (Line 20) where unveiled, making the total planned length of the Shenzhen Metro to 720 km spread out over 20 lines. The first phase of Line 20 was fast-tracked and included in the Phase III revised expansion with a completion date of 2018. This leaves Line 15, 17-19 and the rest of Line 20 available for the next phase (Phase V) of subway expansion. Aside from the set masterplan, at the 12th Guangdong Provincial People's Congress in January 2014,[74] it was proposed to extend Line 4 beyond the planned Phase III terminus at the Songyuan Bus Terminal in Guanlan. The proposal wanted to further extend this line to reach the future planned Dongguan Metro Line 4 at Tangxia station. This proposal aims to shorten the distance between the two cities in residents' minds, boost tourism industries in both cities and expand housing options. It would also allow for direct connection between Hong Kong and Dongguan. As the area in the proposed area is less developed, the cost in building the line is expected to be lower, with a feasibility study yet to be conducted. In addition to metro lines, 5 Pearl River Delta Rapid Transit lines connecting neighboring urban centers in the Pearl River Delta such as Dongguan, Huizhou, Foshan and Guangzhou, totaling 146 km, have also been revealed.[75] In 2016, an even more ambitious masterplan, expanding the previously planned 20 lines to 32, was unveiled. The new plan envisions a 1142 km subway network to be completed by 2030. This will allow for travel between the central and suburban districts to be shortened to 45 minutes and for public transit to make up more than 70% of all motorized trips in Shenzhen.[76]

Expected opening	Line	Expected terminals		Expected length in km	Expected stations	Current status
TBA	Bao'an-Longgang line	Shiyan	Buji East	TBC	TBC	Planned
	107 line	Hongshuwan South	Xitou	TBC	TBC	Planned
	Line 15	Dachan Bay	Mawan	TBC	TBC	Planned
	Line 17	Luohu	Pinghu	28.7	24	Planned[77]
	Line 21	TBC	TBC	TBC	TBC	Planned
	Line 22	Shangsha	Guanlan North	TBC	TBC	Planned
	Line 24	Laojie	Mawan	TBC	TBC	Planned

Ridership

Annual Ridership

Year	million riders	±% p.a.
2005[78]	58	—
2006[79]	90	+55.17%
2007[80]	118	+31.11%
2008[81]	136	+15.25%
2009[82]	138	+1.47%
2010[83]	163	+18.12%
2011[84]	460	+182.21%
2012[85]	781	+69.78%
2013[86]	914	+17.03%
2014[20]	1,037	+13.46%
2015[87]	1,122	+8.20%
2016[88]	1,297	+15.60%
2017[89]	1,654	+27.53%
2018[90]	1,878	+13.54%

Since the opening of the first phase in 2004, there has been a steady growth in passenger traffic. In 2009 and 2010, passenger traffic soared with major openings of new phase 2 lines, with a three-fold increase in passenger traffic in 2010.[91] On 12 July 2019 it set a new record for its peak ridership at 6.63 million.[2]

July is the busiest month of the year for the Shenzhen Metro, accounting for 9.3% of annual passenger traffic, while January is the least busy month, accounting for only 6.7%. This is caused by Shenzhen's large migrant worker population.[92]

Fares and tickets

Metro rides are priced according to distance travelled, and fares vary from 2 RMB to 14 RMB.[93] Since December 2010 fares are based on a usage fee (2 RMB) + a distance fee. The distance fee is 1 RMB for each 4 km from 4 km to 12 km; after that 1 RMB for each 6 km from 12 km to 24 km and finally 1 RMB for every 8 km over 24 km distance.[94] For passengers who wish to ride on business coach in line 11, they have to pay 3 times the amount of price that calculated by the regulations above.

Distance (km)	Fares (RMB)[95]
0~12	1+1/per 4 km
12~24	5+1/per 6 km
over 24	7+1/per 8 km

Children under the height of 120 cm or aged below 6 may ride for free when accompanied by an adult.[96] The metro also offers free rides to senior citizens over the age of 65, the physically disabled and military personnel. Tickets for children between 120 cm and 150 cm, or aged between 6 and 14 years, or middle school students, are half priced.

Metro fares can be paid for with single-ride tokens, multiple-ride Shenzhen Tong cards or 1- day passes.[97]

Tokens

Shenzhen Metro RFID Token

When using cash, a RFID token (NXP Mifare Classic) is purchased and used for a single, non-returnable journey. There are two different types of tokens, with green tokens for Standard Class, and yellow tokens used for Business Class which is only available on Line 11. All ticket vending machines offer both English and Chinese interface. The purchaser touches a station name to calculate the fare. After payment, a green token is dispensed, which must be scanned at the entrance station and deposited at the exit station. A penalty applies should a token be lost. Purchasers of green tokens cannot ride Business Class on Line 11 directly. Instead, they must get off at any transfer stations with Line 11 and purchase a separate yellow token.

Note that as of 2015, many machines accept only 5 or 10 RMB notes. The token(s) are only valid at the station where issued. Passengers are unable to buy an extra token for return journey prior to departure. Baggage X-Ray machines are located at each station, and may be manned during peak hours.

Shenzhen Tong cards

Main article: Shenzhen Tong

Shenzhen Tong is a pre-paid currency card similar to Oyster Card system in London and the Octopus card system used in Hong Kong. The multiple fare card stores credit purchased at stations. The card can be used by waving it in front of the card reader located at all entrances and exits to the subway system. Riders who pay for metro fare with a card receive a 5% discount. Since March 1, 2008, riders who pay for a bus fare with a card and then a subway fare within 90 minutes receive an additional 0.4 RMB discount on the subway fare. Card users pay a distance based fare.

Since June 30, 2011, cards containing both a Shenzhen Tong and Hong Kong Octopus chip have been available in both Shenzhen and Hong Kong. There are plans to further integrate the two systems, and for a new card which will be accepted all over Guangdong province and China's two SARs.[98][99]

Unlike Hong Kong Octopus Cards, Shenzhen Tong cards cannot be sold back to the stations or have faults dealt with by SZMC. Instead, the customer must go to the offices of Shenzhen Tong. Students studying in Shenzhen can use the Shenzhen Tong to receive a 50% discount.

Note that all sorts of discounts will not applicable for people who wish to ride business coach in line 11.

Metro cards can also be used on Shenzhen's public bus system.

Metro 1-day passes

Metro 1-day pass is a smart card that allowed the card holder have unlimited access of the metro system in 24 continuous hours. Passengers can purchase a 1-day pass for RMB 25 in the service center in any metro station. The pass will be activated and the passenger will have 24 continuous hour for unlimited access after the first entrance. When the pass expired, the pass is no longer available for entering a station but able to exiting a station and finish a journey in 27.5 hours. The 1-day passes are not applicable for business coach in line 11.

Station facilities, amenities and services

Some stations have toilets (free of charge), and public telephones. SZMC also operates luggage storage facilities in the concourse above Luohu Station. Mobile phone service is available throughout the system provided by China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom.[100]

Like the Hong Kong MTR, Guangzhou, and Foshan metros, station announcements are in Mandarin, Cantonese and English. Some announcements, such as train arrival, are in Mandarin and English only. Cantonese, an important local language, is chosen for the local Cantonese population as well as Cantonese speakers in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau.

Equipment

Bombardier rolling stock on Line 1

CRRC Nanjing Puzhen rolling stock on Line 4

CRRC Zhuzhou rolling stock on Line 11 (Business Class)

Rolling stock

Line 1

• 22 Bombardier Transportation Movia 456 6-car sets (101–122)
• 4 Changchun Railway Vehicles Type A 6-car sets, traction units by Bombardier Transportation (123–126)
• 26 Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works Type A 6-car sets, traction units by Siemens (127–152)
• 33 Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works Type A 6-car sets, traction units by CSR Times Electric. (153-185)

Line 2

• 35 Changchun Railway Vehicles Type A 6-car sets, traction units by Bombardier Transportation (201–235)
• 17 Changchun Railway Vehicles Type A 6-car sets, traction units by Bombardier Transportation (236–239、241–252), by CRRC Qingdao Sifang (240).
• 5 Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works Type A 6-car sets, traction units by CRRC Times Electric (253–257)

Line 3

• 43 Changchun Railway Vehicles Type B 6-car sets, traction units by Hyundai Rotem (301-343)
• 33 Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Works Type B 6-car sets, traction units by Hyundai Rotem (344-376)

Line 4

• 52 Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Works Type A 6-car sets (401-452)

Line 5

• 22 Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works Type A 6-car sets, traction units by Siemens (501–522)
• 8 Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works Type A 6-car sets, traction units by CSR Times Electric (523–530)
• 21 Changchun Railway Vehicles Type A 6-car sets, traction units by Bombardier Transportation (531–551).
• 6 Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works Type A 6-car sets, traction units by CRRC Times Electric (552–557)

Line 6

• 51 Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Works Type A 6-car sets (601–651)

Line 7

• 41 Changchun Railway Vehicles Type A 6-car sets, traction units by Bombardier Transportation (701–741)

Line 9

• 29 Changchun Railway Vehicles Type A 6-car sets, traction units by CRRC Times Electric (901–929).
• 22 Changchun Railway Vehicles Type A 6-car sets, traction units by INVT (930–951).

Line 10

• 35 Changchun Railway Vehicles Type A 8-car sets (1001–1035)

Line 11

• 33 Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works Type A 8-car sets (1101-1133)

Signalling system

On Line 1 and Line 4, Siemens Transportation Systems supplied 7 (Phase 1) and 6 (Phase 2) LZB 700 M continuous automatic control systems; 7 (Phase 1) and 6 (Phase 2) electronic Sicas ESTT interlockings; the Vicos OC 501 operations control system with 2 operations control centers, fall-back level with Vicos OC 101 and RTU (FEP), 230 (Phase 1) and 240 (Phase 2) FTG S track vacancy detection units.[101]

Line 2 and Line 5 use Casco CBTC system with 2.4 GHz frequencies, and so the system has suffered frequent problems with interference from consumer Wi-Fi equipment.[102] By the end of November 2012, CASCO solved the problem on Lines 2 and 5 by switching to their standard solution with frequency diversity on 2 different channels.

Accidents and incidents

• 4 April 2011 — One worker was killed and four others injured on April 4 when a manually controlled chain hoist broke loose in a Line 5 tunnel in Longgang district. A preliminary investigation by district safety authorities found mechanical failure was to blame.[103]
• 5 September 2012 — Service was suspended on Line 4 for several hours due to power outage.[104]
• 9 September 2013 – Three passengers abandoned in Line 1 tunnel after train door opens.[105]
• 17 February 2014 – Passenger passes out at Shuiwan station on Line 2 and dies after no help or CPR is provided for 50 minutes.[106]
• 25 June 2015 – Worker killed during tunnel collapse in Line 7 construction.[107]
• 19 April 2017 — Scaffolding for a metro station collapsed during the construction of the Line 8 on Yantian Rd, killing a worker and injuring three.[108]
• 11 May 2017 — During the construction of the extension of Line 3 heavy rains caused a partial cave in at an excavation pit for a station on the southern extension of Line 3, killing 2 workers and injuring another.[109]
• 30 October 2017 — A section of Line 9 tunnel near Shenzhen Bay Park station was damaged by unauthorized community drilling works above ground. While the damage was soon repaired, the line continued to operate at a lowered safety speed of 45 km/h for a week.[110]
• 6 December 2017 — Unauthorized drilling works for an adjacent bouldering site damaged the tunnel between Houhai and Hongshuwan South station of Line 11, causing sections of tunnel to make contact with a train and the driver to sustain minor injuries. The service of the line was disrupted for 12 hours while the line operated on modified routes, until the damage was fully repaired.[111]
• 23 December 2017 — A Line 11 train killed a suicidal man lying on the rails between Bihaiwan and Airport, disrupting the service for 80 minutes.[112]
• 5-7 July 2018 — Over a span of three days, at least seven incidents occurred, where power cables were accidentally cut at various construction sites of Shenzhen Metro, causing blackouts in large areas.[113]
• 10 July 2018 — During the construction of Line 10, workers accidentally dug up the pipes of Shenzhen Buji Water Supply Co., Ltd., disrupting water distribution system. The Shenzhen Economic and Information Commission warned and penalized the contractor responsible.[114]
• Since 9 February 2020 – Service between Futian and Xinxiu on Line 2 was suspended due to geographic movement caused by the construction of Line 14.[115]

See also

• List of Shenzhen Metro stations
• List of rapid transit systems
• Dongguan Rail Transit
• Foshan Metro
• Guangzhou Metro
• Hong Kong MTR

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External links

• SZMC (Shenzhen Metro Group) official website (in English)
• MTR Corporation (Shenzhen) official website (Chinese only)