Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway

Guangshen railway or Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway (Chinese: 广深铁路 or 广深线), also known as the Chinese section of the Kowloon–Canton railway (廣九鐵路華段) in 1911–1949, is a railway in Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China, between Guangzhou and Shenzhen. It is operated by Guangshen Railway Co., Ltd., a publicly traded company.

This article is about the Chinese Section of the Kowloon–Canton railway. For the British Section of the Kowloon–Canton railway, see East Rail Line. For the company that operates the railway, see Guangshen Railway (company).
Not to be confused with Guangzhou–Shenzhen intercity railway.

Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway
CRH6A at Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway in Guangzhou in March 2018
Overview
Native name广深铁路
广深线
TypeHigher-speed rail
StatusOperational
LocaleGuangzhou
Dongguan
Shenzhen
TerminiGuangzhou
Shenzhen
Stations22
Line number4
Operation
Opened8 October 1911
OwnerChina Railway
Operator(s)Guangshen Railway Co., Ltd.
Rolling stockCRH1A EMU (Guangshen intercity train)
Technical
Line length147 km (91.342 mi)
Number of tracks4
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
ElectrificationCatenary (25 kV AC 50 Hz AC)
Operating speed200 km/h (120 mph) (tracks 1 and 2)
140 km/h (87 mph) (tracks 3 and 4)
Route map
Jingguang railway, Guangmao railway 
Guangzhou
0 km
Yunlu
4 km
Guangzhou East
8 km
Shipai
12 km
Jishan
20 km
Xiayuan
27 km
Nangang
32 km
Xintang
39 km
Shapu
45 km
Xiancun
51 km
Shitan
60 km
Honghai
64 km
Shilong
69 km
Dongguan
72 km
Chashan
75 km
Nanshe
78 km
Hengli
84 km
Changping
90 km
Jingjiu railway 
Zhangmutou
103 km
Tangtouxia
114 km
Shigu
119 km
Pinghu
127 km
Pinghu South
Pingyan railway to Yantian District in Shenzhen 
Pingnan railway to Shenzhen West 
Shenzhen East
139 km
Sungang
144 km
Shenzhen
147 km
Lo Wu Bridge, the border between HKSAR & Shenzhen
East Rail Line of MTR 
Guangshen Railway
Simplified Chinese广深铁路
Traditional Chinese廣深鐵路
Kowloon–Canton railway, Chinese section
Simplified Chinese广九铁路华段
Traditional Chinese廣九鐵路華段

With a length of 147 kilometres, it was the first railway in the People's Republic of China to reach the speed of 220 km/h in some sections, though it is limited to about 180 km/h during commercial operation. Now it has four tracks between Guangzhou East and Shenzhen railway station. Line 1 and 2 are up-direction and down-direction 200-km/h (currently restricted to 180 km/h in operation) passenger lines for CRH EMU respectively, and Line 3 and 4 are up-direction and down-direction 160-km/h (currently restricted to 140 km/h in operation) mixed passenger and freight line respectively. In order to reduce the interference to passenger trains in the daytime from lower-speed freight trains, most freight trains will be scheduled to run at night.

Guangshen railway connects with several other important railways to different directions. It links Jingguang railway and Guangmao railway in Guangzhou, Jingjiu railway in Dongguan (with which shares two regular speed track), and the East Rail Line to Hong Kong at the southern end of the railway. Besides, there are some branch lines along Guangshen Railway, such as Pingyan railway to Yantian Port, Pingnan railway to Shenzhen West railway station and also the line to Huangbu Port.

Cross-border services from Hong Kong to Dongguan (Changping), Guangzhou East, Foshan and Zhaoqing, as well as to Beijing West and Shanghai use its route.

History

The idea of constructing a railway linking Canton (now Guangzhou) and Kowloon in Hong Kong, a British crown colony germinated in the late Qing dynasty. In 1899, Britain and the Qing government agreed to construct the Kowloon–Canton railway (KCR, also known as Canton-Kowloon Railway), but Britain postponed the construction as Britain was busy at the Second Boer War in Africa. In 1907, Qing government and Britain formally signed an agreement in Peking on issuing a £100-million bond as part of loan for the construction of the Chinese section of the Kowloon–Canton railway. In July 1907, construction of the British Section of the KCR began. The construction of Chinese section was delayed and only started in 1909. Under the loan contract, China needed to employ the British engineers for the construction of Chinese section, but China still employed famous Chinese railway engineers, Zhan Tianyou, as a consultant. On 8 October 1911, the Chinese section of KCR with total length of 142.77 km (88.71 mi)was opened.[1] The northern end of railway at that time was located in Dashatou (大沙頭), Guangzhou, where was demolished in 1951. The through train service between Kowloon and Guangzhou also started to operate at the same time.

After the establishment of People's Republic of China in October 1949, the 'Chinese section of the Canton–Kowloon railway' was renamed 'Guangshen railway', and repair the railroad damaged during the war. In 1967, railway department carried out a comprehensive maintenance on Guangshen railway to improve the transport capacity. From 1980s, since the economic reform policy of China, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was established. The rapid economic development in the Pearl River Delta region brought large amount of importing goods and passengers to the railway. Therefore, the second line of Guangshen Railway was constructed during 1984–1987 in order to meet the huge demand. Simultaneously Guangshen Railway Company (the predecessor of Guangshen Railway Company), which was directly subordinated to the Guangzhou Railway Bureau (now Guangzhou Railway Group), was established. This company was in charge of the construction works and operational management of Guangshen Railway. In 1987, Guangshen railway became the first double-track railway in Guangdong province.

Logo of the Guangshen Railway Company (in Shenzhen East railway station)
  • Bond agreement signed in 1907
  • Foundation ceremony of the Chinese Section of KCR in 1909. Group photo of both Chinese and British officials.

Indeed, Guangshen railway is the first place in China to carry out successfully speed-up on the existing railroad. At the beginning of the 1990s, Guangzhou Railway Bureau and the Ministry of Railways carried out the pre-feasibility research about raising the maximum speed of passenger trains to 160 km/h. At 28 December 1991, the construction of the third line of Guangshen railway, and the speed-up improvement works of original double tracks started. In October 1994, the maximum speed of a train reached 174 km/h during the test. At 22 December 1994, the first sub-high speed (160 km/h) passenger train in China started commercial operation between Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

Fourth track of Guangshen railway under construction

In 1998, the electrification of two sub-high speed lines of Guangshen railway was finished. After the improvement the 200 km/h high speed trains are allowed to run on the existing subhigh speed railroad. A Swedish-built X 2000 tilting train called 'Xinshisu' began to serve intercity train service between Guangzhou and Shenzhen, as well as the through train to Hong Kong. The train are 165m long, consisting of a power car, five passenger cars, and a trailing car. The non-power cars can have a pitch of up to 8 degrees. They are noted for being very quiet (less than 65 dBA) even at 200 km/h.

Construction of the fourth track was commenced at 31 December 2005, and was finished at 18 April 2007 in time for the Sixth Speed-Up Campaign. Since then Guangshen railway has been the first four-track railway in mainland China and it allows passenger trains and freight trains to run on separate lines.

Guangshen intercity trains
Tickets of intercity trains
CRH1A running on Guangshen railway

As of 2007, intercity train service between Guangzhou and Shenzhen uses 8-car CRH1A highspeed EMU. There are 100 pairs of trains operated daily, in which 98 pairs will stop for 1.5 minutes at three stations: Zhangmutou, Dongguan and Shilong. On the 'As-frequent-as-buses' basis, one pair of trains is dispatched every 5 minutes on average during peak hours. The fastest journey time is 52 minutes between Guangzhou East and Shenzhen for D7002 and D7008 with no stop.

Rolling stock
TimeRolling stocks using by Guangshen intercity trains
Before 1966SL6 steam locomotive hauling 21 Series / 22 Series railway carriages
1966–mid-1970sSL6 steam locomotive / Dongfanghong1 / DF diesel locomotive (from 1972) hauling 21 Series / 22 Series railway carriage
Dongfanghong1 / DF diesel locomotive(from 1972) hauling 24 Series railway carriages with air-conditioning (91/92 Express)
1970s–late 1994Locomotives: DF3 / ND2 / DF4B (from 1985) / DF9 diesel locomotive(from 1990s)
Passenger coaches: 24 Series with air-conditioning / 25 Series / 22 Series / 22 Series railway carriages with air-conditioning
Late 1994–1998Locomotives:DF4B / DF9 / DF11 diesel locomotive
Passenger coaches:22 Series / Double-deck 25B Series with air-conditioning / 25Z Series
1998–2004DF4B diesel locomotive hauling 22 Series / Double-deck 25B Series with air-conditioning /
SS8 electric locomotive / DF11 diesel locomotive hauling 25Z Series / 25C Series railway carriage
DDJ1 EMU(1999–2000)
Xianfenghao EMU(2001)
X2000 tilting train
DJJ1 EMU (Blue Arrow)(from 2001)
2004–2006DF4B diesel locomotive hauling Double-deck 25B Series with air-conditioning /
SS8 electric locomotive / DF11 diesel locomotive hauling 25Z Series / 25C Series railway carriage
X2000 tilting train / DJJ1 EMU (Blue Arrow)
2007–DF11 diesel locomotive hauling 25Z Series railway carriage (Until 25 April 2007)
DF4B diesel locomotive hauling Double-deck 25B Series with air-conditioning (Until 30 June 2007)
DJJ1 EMU (Blue Arrow) (Until 25 April 2007)
CRH1A EMU (from 1 February 2007)

Stations

Stations with services

Most of the stations on the line are now abandoned for passenger service. Currently, the only stations on the line offering passengers service are, in order:

Station
No.		 Station Name Chinese Distance
km		 PRD MIR (CR C-train)
transfers/connections		 Metro
transfers/connections		 Location
GZQ Guangzhou 广州 0 0  GFZ *  GQ   2   5  Yuexiu Guangzhou
GGQ Guangzhou East
Guangzhoudong		 广州东 8 8  SS *  1   3  Tianhe
RTQ Dongguan 东莞 64 72  2  Shilong Dongguan
DAQ Changping 常平 18 90 Changping
ZOQ Zhangmutou 樟木头 13 103 Zhangmutou
PHQ Pinghu 平湖 24 127 Longgang Shenzhen
BJQ Shenzhen East
Shenzhendong		 深圳东 12 139 3 5
SZQ Shenzhen 深圳 8 147 1 East Rail Luohu

All existing stations

Cross-Line Traffic

There are services of EMUs using Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway as part of the route. 12 daily trains are offered between Guangzhou East Railway Station and Chaoshan Railway Station, one of which will continue to Xiamen. Starting 10 July 2019, there will also be a daily service between Shenzhen Railway Station and Huaiji Railway Station on Guiyang-Guangzhou HSR.[2]

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See also

References
  1. "Canton-Kowloon Chinese Railway 5% Loan – 1938". Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
  2. "深圳站7月将开行第一对跨线动车组列车(深圳到肇庆怀集) – 深圳本地宝". jt.sz.bendibao.com. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  1. Top class; Chinese: 特等站
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