Trams in China

Several cities in China had tram systems during the 20th century; however, by the end of the century, only Dalian, Hong Kong and Changchun remained extant.[1] However the 21st century has seen a resurgence in tram transport systems as China attempts to combat with urban traffic congestion and pollution.

The first tram in Shanghai (1908)
Dalian historical tram. Its use is still preserved to date in limited area in the city.
Dalian modern tram. Tram type DL6WA, mark Dalianren (meaning "Dalian people") manufactured by Tram Factory of Dalian Public Transport Group. The blue one is manufactured in 2009, the other in 2001–2003.

List of historical tram systems
  • Beijing had the first tram system in China. It opened in 1899 and connected Majiapu railway station to the south gate of the city.
  • Fushun, Liaoning had a tram system circa 1902, operated by the Manchuria Railway Company with 26 trams.
  • Tianjin city, had a tram system that opened in 1906. By 1933 it had 9 miles of track and operated 116 tramcars. It was closed by 1972.
  • The Changchun tramway system started operations in 1942. By the 1950s the system covered 28 km (17 mi) with 98 cars. The system continues to operate today.
  • In Shanghai there were three tram systems - two operated by the colonial powers of Britain and France and one by a Chinese company. The British system opened in 1908 and was the largest of the three. It had 7 lines and ran 216 tramcars. The French system opened the same year and its 3 lines ran 60 tramcars. The Chinese system opened in 1913 and operated 52 tramcars over 4 lines of some 23.5 km (14.6 mi) in length.
  • In Shenyang, Liaoning, a Japanese owned electric tramway opened in 1925 and replaced an earlier horse-drawn tram system that dated from around 1907.[2] By 1937 it had expanded to cover 12 km (7.5 mi) of track and ran 21 tramcars. It was finally closed in 1973.
  • Harbin, Heilongjiang had a system from 1927 with 8 lines and about 40 trams. The system closed in 1987.
  • The city of Anshan, Liaoning, had a single tram line from 1956 till the late 1990s and the track was dug up in 2006.
  • Dalian, Liaoning opened its first tram line on September 25, 1909. It was operated by South Manchuria Railway. By 1945, the system had 11 lines. Today 2 lines remain in operation covering 23.4 km (14.5 mi). The system is in the process up being updated with a mixture of old tram cars and new modern low floor cars in operation.

New tram systems
The Zhangjiang tram opened in 2010
Huai'an Trams

Tianjin and Shanghai have recently introduced rubber tired trams for their TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram and Zhangjiang Tram respectively.

In 2011, Shenyang city decided to construct a new tram network to complement its new metro network. The first three lines of the new system were opened on August 15, 2013.[3][4] A year later, Nanjing opened the new Hexi trams just before the 2014 Youth Olympics. Since them new tram systems opened in a number of cities in China such as Qingdao, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Zhuhai, Wuhan, Huai'an and Beijing.

Hong Kong SAR

The Chinese Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong has had a tramway system since 1904. The Hong Kong Tramway is a traditional British Isles-style double-decker tramway with street running, along the north shore of Hong Kong Island. Since the 1990s, the MTR Light Rail system has opened in the north west New Territories. Despite its name, the famous Peak Tram is actually a funicular railway.

Light rail/Tram systems
Legend

     - In operation.
     - Under test run.

Lines
Line (not services) System Locale Length Stations Opened
Xijiao line Beijing Subway* Beijing 08.8 km (5.5 mi) 6 2017-12-30
Line T1 Beijing Yizhuang New Town Modern Tram Beijing 13.255 km (8.2 mi)[5] 15 2020-??-??
54 Changchun Tram Changchun 07.6 km (4.7 mi) 16 (10 shared) 1941-11-01
55 Changchun Tram Changchun 09.6 km (6.0 mi) 19 (10 shared) 1941-11-01
Line 3 Changchun Subway* Changchun 31.9 km (19.8 mi) 32 2002-10-30
Line 2 Chengdu Modern Tram Chengdu 39.3 km (24.4 mi) 35 2018-12-26
201 Dalian Tram Dalian 11.6 km (7.2 mi) 18 1909-??-??
202 Dalian Tram Dalian 12.6 km (7.8 mi) 19 1909-??-??
Gaoming Tram (TGM1) Foshan Tram Foshan 6.57 km (4.08 mi)[6] 10 2019-12-30[6]
Haizhu line (THZ1) Guangzhou Modern Tram Guangzhou 07.7 km (4.8 mi) 11 2014-12-31
Huangpu Tram Line 1 Guangzhou Modern Tram Guangzhou 07.7 km (4.8 mi)[7] 10 2020-07-01[7]
5XX, 6XX, 7XX MTR Hong Kong 36.2 km (22.5 mi) 68 1988-09-18
Hong Kong Tramways Hong Kong Tramways Hong Kong 30.0 km (18.6 mi) 120 1904-07-30
Line 1 Huai'an Modern Tram Huai'an 20.0 km (12.4 mi) 23 2015-12-28
Hexi line Nanjing Hexi Modern Tram Nanjing 07.6 km (4.7 mi) 13 2014-08-01
Qilin line Nanjing Qilin Modern Tram Nanjing 08.9 km (5.5 mi) 13 2017-10-31
Chengyang line Qingdao Modern Tram Qingdao 08.7 km (5.4 mi) 12 2016-03-05
Line 1 Sanya Modern Tram Sanya 4.5 km (2.8 mi) 6 2019-01-01
Line 1 Shanghai Zhangjiang Modern Tram Shanghai 09.8 km (6.1 mi) 15 2010-01-01
Line T1 Shanghai Songjiang Modern Tram Shanghai 2019-08-10
Line T2 Shanghai Songjiang Modern Tram Shanghai 13.9 km (8.6 mi) 20 2018-12-26
Line 1 Shenyang Hunnan Modern Tram Shenyang 12.2 km (7.6 mi) 27 (17 shared) 2013-08-31
Line 2 Shenyang Hunnan Modern Tram Shenyang 14.8 km (9.2 mi) 18 (12 shared) 2013-08-31
Line 3 Shenyang Hunnan Modern Tram Shenyang 11.3 km (7.0 mi) 18 (5 shared) 2015-06-29
Line 4 Shenyang Hunnan Modern Tram Shenyang 2019-01-05
Line 5 Shenyang Hunnan Modern Tram Shenyang 21.4 km (13.3 mi) 25 2013-08-31
Line 6 Shenyang Hunnan Modern Tram Shenyang 2019-01-05
Longhua line Shenzhen Modern Tram Shenzhen 11.7 km (7.3 mi) 20 2017-10-28
Line 1 Suzhou New District Modern Tram Suzhou 25.7 km (16.0 mi) 15 2014-10-26
Line 2 Suzhou New District Modern Tram Suzhou 18.6 km (11.6 mi) 13 2018-08-31
TEDA line TEDA Modern Tram Tianjin 07.8 km (4.8 mi) 14 2007-05-10
Line 1 Tianshui Tram Tianshui 12.926 km (8.0 mi) 12 2020-05-01[8]
Line T1 Wuhan Auto-city Modern Tram Wuhan 16.8 km (10.4 mi) 22 2017-07-28
Line T1 Wuhan Optics Valley Modern Tram Wuhan 12.5 km (7.8 mi) 17 (3 shared) 2018-04-01
Line T2 Wuhan Optics Valley Modern Tram Wuhan 19.2 km (11.9 mi) 25 (3 shared) 2018-04-01
Line 1 Zhuhai Modern Tram Zhuhai 08.9 km (5.5 mi) 14 2017-06-13

    Under construction

    Planned
    • Nanjing
      • Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Tram (南京江心洲有轨电车)
    • Tianjin (Xiqing Tram T2)[15]
    • Zhuzhou Tram (株洲有轨电车)

    Haikou, Ningbo, Quanzhou,[16] Zhengzhou, Kunshan,[17] Baotou, Korla,[17] Anshun,[17] Hangzhou,[18] Changzhou,[18] Lanzhou New Area[19], Taizhou[20] and Huangshan[21] are planning tram networks for the future.

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    See also

    References
    1. "China's Old Tram Systems - A Quick Round Up". China Rhyming. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
    2. Crush, Peter. "Kaiping Railway -China's second "first" railway". Hong Kong Railway Society. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
    3. http://zizhan.mot.gov.cn/zhuantizhuanlan/gonglujiaotong/gongjiaods/chuangjiancs/shenyang/201507/t20150720_1851415.html
    4. "Shenyang tramway opens". www.railwaygazette.com. Railway Gazette. 15 August 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
    5. "公交集团加紧推进亦庄新城现代有轨电车T1线试运行筹备工作". 2019-11-25.
    6. "定了！12月30日，高明有轨电车开通初期运营". Foshan Metro. 2019-12-29.
    7. "官宣：黄埔有轨电车1号线示范段明天开通". 2020-06-30.
    8. "【视频】5月1日10点，天水有轨电车将通车运营". 2020-05-01.
    9. "中国城市轨道交通网". www.chinametro.net. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
    10. "璧山再添利好："云巴"有轨电车动工！沿途设15个站点". 2019-02-23.
    11. "都江堰M-TR旅游客运专线本月底开工 2019年通车试运营_四川在线". sichuan.scol.com.cn. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
    12. "[都江堰市]都江堰M-TR旅游客运专线主线开始施工 计划2020年正式运营_区县要情_成都市旅游政务网 - 成都，一座来了就不想离开的城市！ - Power By D.Chain". 2018-06-12. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
    13. "嘉兴市有轨电车、火车站枢纽及沪嘉城际铁路先行工程集中开工仪式成功举行". 2019-12-30.
    14. "西安高新区有轨电车试验线环境影响评价第一次公示". 2019-09-25.
    15. "天津市西青区低运量有轨电车T2线一期工程社会稳定风险分析信息公示". 2019-12-16.
    16. fujian, chinanews. 泉州这两条现代有轨电车今年6月要开工 路线公布 | 中国新闻网-福建. www.fj.chinanews.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2018-05-06.
    17. 财政部公布第四批PPP示范项目 这三个有轨电车项目入选…… | 自由微信 | FreeWeChat. freewechat.com. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
    18. 有轨电车行业一周要闻. www.sohu.com. 2018-02-04. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
    19. 兰州新区有轨电车1、2号线建设落定--兰州新区.
    20. "2019年通车！台州市首条现代有轨电车开工建设-台州频道". tz.zjol.com.cn. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
    21. "黄石经济技术开发区·铁山区". www.hsdz.gov.cn. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
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