MAP2K2

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K2 gene.[5] It is more commonly known as MEK2, but has many alternative names including CFC4, MKK2, MAPKK2 and PRKMK2.[6]

Main article: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

MAP2K2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1S9I, 4H3Q
Identifiers
Aliases	MAP2K2, CFC4, MAPKK2, MEK2, MKK2, PRKMK2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 601263 MGI: 1346867 HomoloGene: 48591 GeneCards: MAP2K2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19p13.3 Start 4,090,321 bp[1] End 4,124,129 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10 C1|10 39.72 cM Start 81,105,915 bp[2] End 81,133,975 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • transferase activity • nucleotide binding • protein kinase activity • PDZ domain binding • scaffold protein binding • protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity • metal ion binding • kinase activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity • protein tyrosine kinase activity • ATP binding • MAP kinase kinase activity • protein serine/threonine kinase activity Cellular component • late endosome • Golgi apparatus • membrane • focal adhesion • intercellular junction • peroxisomal membrane • extracellular region • early endosome • endoplasmic reticulum • mitochondrion • perinuclear region of cytoplasm • cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane • microtubule • cell nucleus • cytoplasm • cytosol • cell membrane Biological process • phosphorylation • regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport • peptidyl-serine autophosphorylation • negative regulation of gene expression • positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity • protein phosphorylation • activation of MAPK activity • peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • regulation of Golgi inheritance • regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade • MAPK cascade • ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • proteolysis in other organism • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • regulation of mitotic cell cycle • regulation of apoptotic process • signal transduction by protein phosphorylation • stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade • activation of protein kinase activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5605	26396
Ensembl	ENSG00000126934	ENSMUSG00000035027
UniProt	P36507	Q63932
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_030662	NM_023138 NM_001347144 NM_001358539
RefSeq (protein)	NP_109587	NP_001334073 NP_075627 NP_001345468
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 4.09 – 4.12 Mb	Chr 10: 81.11 – 81.13 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase is known to play a critical role in mitogen growth factor signal transduction. It phosphorylates and thus activates MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1.

The activation of this kinase itself is dependent on the Ser/Thr phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinase kinases.

The inhibition or degradation of this kinase is found to be involved in the pathogenesis of Yersinia and anthrax.[7]

Interactions

MAP2K2 has been shown to interact with MAPK3[8][9][10] and ARAF.[11]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000126934 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000035027 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Zheng CF, Guan KL (Jun 1993). "Cloning and characterization of two distinct human extracellular signal-regulated kinase activator kinases, MEK1 and MEK2". J Biol Chem. 268 (15): 11435–9. PMID 8388392.
6. "MAP2K2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
7. "Entrez Gene: MAP2K2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2".
8. Marti, A; Luo Z; Cunningham C; Ohta Y; Hartwig J; Stossel T P; Kyriakis J M; Avruch J (Jan 1997). "Actin-binding protein-280 binds the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) activator SEK-1 and is required for tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of SAPK in melanoma cells". J. Biol. Chem. UNITED STATES. 272 (5): 2620–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.5.2620. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9006895.
9. Butch, E R; Guan K L (Feb 1996). "Characterization of ERK1 activation site mutants and the effect on recognition by MEK1 and MEK2". J. Biol. Chem. UNITED STATES. 271 (8): 4230–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.8.4230. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8626767.
10. Zheng, C F; Guan K L (Nov 1993). "Properties of MEKs, the kinases that phosphorylate and activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases". J. Biol. Chem. UNITED STATES. 268 (32): 23933–9. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8226933.
11. Yin, Xiang L; Chen She; Yan Jun; Hu Yun; Gu Jian X (Feb 2002). "Identification of interaction between MEK2 and A-Raf-1". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Netherlands. 1589 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00188-4. ISSN 0006-3002. PMID 11909642.

Further reading

• Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87–94. doi:10.2174/1570162052773013. PMID 15638726.
• Stove V, Verhasselt B (2006). "Modelling thymic HIV-1 Nef effects". Curr. HIV Res. 4 (1): 57–64. doi:10.2174/157016206775197583. PMID 16454711.
• Charest DL, Mordret G, Harder KW, et al. (1993). "Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase p44erk1". Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (8): 4679–90. PMC 360094. PMID 7687743.
• Dérijard B, Raingeaud J, Barrett T, et al. (1995). "Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms". Science. 267 (5198): 682–5. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..682D. doi:10.1126/science.7839144. PMID 7839144.
• Alessi DR, Saito Y, Campbell DG, et al. (1994). "Identification of the sites in MAP kinase kinase-1 phosphorylated by p74raf-1". EMBO J. 13 (7): 1610–9. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06424.x. PMC 394991. PMID 8157000.
• Zheng CF, Guan KL (1993). "Properties of MEKs, the kinases that phosphorylate and activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (32): 23933–9. PMID 8226933.
• Wu J, Harrison JK, Dent P, et al. (1993). "Identification and characterization of a new mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MKK2". Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (8): 4539–48. PMC 360070. PMID 8393135.
• Moriguchi T, Gotoh Y, Nishida E (1996). "Activation of two isoforms of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase in response to epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor". Eur. J. Biochem. 234 (1): 32–8. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.032_c.x. PMID 8529659.
• Butch ER, Guan KL (1996). "Characterization of ERK1 activation site mutants and the effect on recognition by MEK1 and MEK2". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (8): 4230–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.8.4230. PMID 8626767.
• Papin C, Denouel A, Calothy G, Eychène A (1996). "Identification of signalling proteins interacting with B-Raf in the yeast two-hybrid system". Oncogene. 12 (10): 2213–21. PMID 8668348.
• Downey GP, Butler JR, Brumell J, et al. (1996). "Chemotactic peptide-induced activation of MEK-2, the predominant isoform in human neutrophils. Inhibition by wortmannin". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (35): 21005–1011. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.35.21005. PMID 8702863.
• Khoo S, Cobb MH (1997). "Activation of mitogen-activating protein kinase by glucose is not required for insulin secretion". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (11): 5599–604. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.5599K. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5599. PMC 20824. PMID 9159118.
• Li CJ, Ueda Y, Shi B (1997). "Tat protein induces self-perpetuating permissivity for productive HIV-1 infection". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (15): 8116–20. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.8116L. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.8116. PMC 21566. PMID 9223324.
• Menegon A, Leoni C, Benfenati F, Valtorta F (1997). "Tat protein from HIV-1 activates MAP kinase in granular neurons and glial cells from rat cerebellum". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238 (3): 800–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7393. PMID 9325171.
• Denouel-Galy A, Douville EM, Warne PH (1998). "Murine Ksr interacts with MEK and inhibits Ras-induced transformation". Curr. Biol. 8 (1): 46–55. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70019-3. PMID 9427625.
• Gibellini D, Bassini A, Pierpaoli S (1998). "Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein induces the rapid Ser133 phosphorylation and activation of CREB transcription factor in both Jurkat lymphoblastoid T cells and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells". J. Immunol. 160 (8): 3891–8. PMID 9558095.
• Duesbery NS, Webb CP, Leppla SH (1998). "Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor". Science. 280 (5364): 734–7. Bibcode:1998Sci...280..734D. doi:10.1126/science.280.5364.734. PMID 9563949.
• Ganju RK, Munshi N, Nair BC (1998). "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Modulates the Flk-1/KDR Receptor, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, and Components of Focal Adhesion in Kaposi's Sarcoma Cells". J. Virol. 72 (7): 6131–7. PMC 110419. PMID 9621077.
• Tanimura S, Chatani Y, Hoshino R (1998). "Activation of the 41/43 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is required for hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell scattering". Oncogene. 17 (1): 57–65. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201905. PMID 9671314.

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P36507 (Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2) at the PDBe-KB.