List of wars involving Thailand

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Thailand, its predecessor states, and by Siamese people, from antiquity to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Thailand by Thailand military.

Ayutthaya Kingdom

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Ayutthaya–Lan Na War
(1441–1474)[1]

Location: Northern Ayutthaya, Southern Lan Na[2]

War elephants depicted from a later Siam–Burma war.
Ayutthaya Kingdom[1] Kingdom of Lanna[1][3] Stalemate[3]
First Siege of Ayutthaya
(1547–1549)

Location: Upper Tenessarim coast, western and central Siam

Painting by Prince Narisara Nuvadtivongs, depicting Queen Suriyothai (center) on her elephant putting herself between King Maha Chakkraphat (right) and the Viceroy of Prome (left).
Ayutthaya Kingdom Toungoo Dynasty Siamese defensive victory
  • The Burmese command decided to withdraw
  • Burma claims to regain Upper Tenasserim down to Tavoy (Dawei)
Second Siege of Ayutthaya
"War over the White Elephants"

(1563–64)

Location:Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, Sukhothai

Ayutthaya Kingdom Toungoo Dynasty
Vassal Lan Na
Vassal Sukhothai
Burmese victory
  • Ayutthaya becomes a Burmese vassal state
Third Siege of Ayutthaya
(1568–70)

Location:Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet and Lan Xang

Ayutthaya Kingdom
Kingdom of Lan Xang
Toungoo Dynasty
Vassal Sukhothai
Burmese victory
  • Ayutthaya remains a Burmese vassal state
Fourth Siege of Ayutthaya
"Naresuan the Great campaigns to free Ayutthaya"

(1584–1593)

Location: Ayutthaya Kingdom and lower Tanintharyi Region

Elephant battle between Naresuan and Mingyi Swa during the Battle of Nong Sarai as wall murals in Phra Ubosot, Wat Suwan Dararam, Ayutthaya, Thailand.
Ayutthaya Kingdom Toungoo Dynasty Siamese victory
Siamese–Cambodian war
(1591–1594)

Location: Cambodia

Ayutthaya Kingdom Cambodia Kingdom Siamese victory
  • Sacking the city Longvek on 3 January 1594.
First Siamese invasions of Burma
(March 1594 –November 1605)

Location: Southern and central Burma

King Naresuan entered Pegu, mural painting by Phraya Anusatchitrakon, Wat Suwandararam, Ayutthaya.
Ayutthaya Kingdom Toungoo Dynasty Siamese victory
  • Siamese controlled the entire Tenasserim coast
  • Lan Na becomes Siamese vassal from 1602–1614
Burmese–Siamese war
(1613–14)

Location: upper Tenasserim coast and Lan Na

Ayutthaya Kingdom Toungoo Dynasty Burmese victory
  • Burma regains upper Tenasserim coast to Tavoy
  • Burma regains Lan Na
Second Siamese invasions of Burma
(1662–1664)

Location: Northern Siam and Tenasserim coast

Ayutthaya Kingdom Toungoo Dynasty Burmese defensive victory
  • Burma defends upper Burma
  • Status quo ante bellum
Burmese–Siamese war
(1675–76)

Location: Tenasserim coast

Ayutthaya Kingdom Toungoo Dynasty Burmese and Siamese defensive victory
  • Burma defends upper Tenasserim coast
  • Siam defeats counter Burmese invasion
Anglo-Siamese War
(1687–1688)

Location: Mergui and Coromandel coast

Ayutthaya Kingdom England
East India Company
Inconclusive
  • East India Company fails to blockade the port of Mergui
  • The ports of Siam were closed to East India Company vessels until 1708
  • The East India had resumed trade using foreign-flagged vessels as early as 1705
Siege of Bangkok
(June 1688 - November 13, 1688)

Location: Bangkok, Thailand

Siege of the French fortress in Bangkok by the Siamese revolutionary forces of Phetracha in 1688.
Ayutthaya Kingdom
Supported by:
: Dutch East India Company
 Kingdom of France
French East India Company
Decisive Siamese victory
  • French negotiated retreat
Burmese–Siamese war
(1700–1701)

Location: Ayutthaya Kingdom

Ayutthaya Kingdom Toungoo Dynasty Siamese defensive victory
  • Siam defeats Burmese invasion
Fifth Siege of Ayutthaya
(1759–1760)

Location: Tenasserim, Siam

Siege of the French fortress in Bangkok by the Siamese revolutionary forces of Phetracha in 1688.
Ayutthaya Kingdom Konbaung Dynasty Burmese victory
  • Burma captures the Tennasserim coast down to TavoyMergui frontier
Sixth Siege of Ayutthaya
(1765-1767)

Location: Tenasserim coast, Gulf of Siam coast, Suphanburi, Ayutthaya [[File:Burmese-Siamese war (1765-1767) map - EN - 001.jpg|thumb|left|{{unbulleted list|Sketch-map showing Burmese forces' advance towards Ayutthaya:|]]

Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) Konbaung Dynasty (Burma) Burmese victory

Thonburi Kingdom

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Siamese–Vietnamese War
(17691773)[4][5]

Location:

Thonburi Kingdom (Siam) Đàng Trong under Nguyễn lords Indecisive
Burmese–Siamese War
(1775-1776)

Location: Northern and central Siam, Lan Na

Thonburi Kingdom (Siam) Konbaung Dynasty (Burma) Siamese victory

Rattanakosin Kingdom

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Burmese–Siamese War
(1785-1786)

Location: Southern and western Siam, Lan Na

Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam) Konbaung Dynasty (Burma) Siamese victory
Burmese–Siamese War
(1787)

Location: Tenasserim coast

Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam) Konbaung Dynasty (Burma) Burmese defensive victory
Burmese–Siamese War
(1809-1812)

Location: Junk Ceylon, Southern Siam, Tenasserim coast

Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)
Kedah
Konbaung Dynasty (Burma) Siamese victory
First Anglo-Burmese War
(1824-1826)

Location: Burma, East Bengal, Assam, Manipur, Cachar and Jaintia

The storming of one of the principal stockades, near Yangon (Rangoon), 8 July 1824
British Empire

Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam) (Nominally)

Burmese Empire British victory
Lao rebellion
(1826–1828)

Location: Khorat Plateau, Thailand; Central and Southern Laos

Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam) Kingdom of Vientiane
Kingdom of Champasak
Military support:
Kingdom of Vietnam
Siamese victory
Siamese–Vietnamese War
(1831–1834)

Location: Cambodia, Southern Vietnam

Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam) Nguyễn dynasty Vietnamese victory
Lê Văn Khôi revolt
(1833–1835)

Location: Southern Vietnam

The French-built Citadel of Saigon was taken over by the rebels on 18 May 1833 and held more than two years until September 1835.
Lê Văn Khôi rebels
Supported by:
Siam
Nguyễn dynasty Decisive Nguyễn dynasty victory
Siamese–Vietnamese War
(1841–1845)

Location: Cambodia, Southern Vietnam

A map showing the movement of Vietnamese troops (from June to December 1845) in Vietnam-Siamese War (1841–1845).
Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)
Khmer anti-Vietnamese rebels
Nguyễn dynasty Stalemate
Burmese–Siamese War
(1849–1855)

Location: Kengtung, Trans-Salween region

A watercolor of 3 Burmese infantry soldiers in 1855. It was not until soldiers like this were dispatched to combat the Siamese invasion that Siam was finally driven out of Burma.
Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam) Konbaung Dynasty (Burma) Burmese defensive victory
Haw wars
(1865–1890)

Location: Northern Laos, western Vietnam, northern Thailand

A Siamese army during Haw wars in 1865
Siam Haw rebels (Red flag and Striped flag bands) Siamese victory
Franco-Siamese War
(1893)

Location: French Indochina, Siam

French ships Inconstant and Comète under fire in the Paknam incident, 13 July 1893
Kingdom of Siam French Republic French victory; Entente Cordiale
World War I
(1917-1918)

Location: Europe

(Clockwise from the top)
Allied Powers:
Central Powers: Allied victory

After 1932 revolution

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Boworadet rebellion
(1933)

Location: Central Thailand, Bangkok and Ratchaburi

Siamese soldiers during the rebellion
Revolutionary Siamese Government (Khana Ratsadon) Prince Boworadet and other royalists and his allies Decisive win for the Siamese Government
Franco-Thai War
(1940-1941)

Location: French Indochina

French Indochina
 Thailand  Vichy France Indecisive
  • On Japanese decision, disputed territories in French Indochina ceded by France to Thailand
World War II
(1942-1945)

Location: Southeast Asia

(clockwise from top left)
Axis Powers: Allied Powers: Allied victory
Malayan Emergency
(1948-1960)

Location: Malay Peninsula, Southeast Asia

Australian Avro Lincoln bomber dropping 500lb bombs on communist rebels in the Malayan jungle (c.1950)
Commonwealth forces:
 United Kingdom

Australia
New Zealand
Supported by:
 Thailand
(Thai–Malaysian border)

Communist forces:
Malayan Communist Party
  • Malayan National Liberation Army

Supported by:
China[6][7][8]
Viet Minh
(until 1954)
 North Vietnam
(from 1954)[9][10][11]
 Soviet Union[8][12]
 Indonesia[7][8]

British/Commonwealth victory
Chinese Civil War
(1949-1961)

Location: Mainland China (including Hainan) and its coast, China–Burma border

FClockwise from the top: Communist troops at the Battle of Siping; Muslim soldiers of the NRA; Mao Zedong in the 1930s; Chiang Kai-shek inspecting soldiers; CCP general Su Yu investigating the troops shortly before the Menglianggu Campaign
 Republic of China Supported by:  People's Republic of China Supported by: Chinese Communist Party victory
Korean War
(1950-1955)

Location: Korean Peninsula, Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan, Korea Strait, China–North Korea border

Clockwise from top: A column of the U.S. 1st Marine Division's infantry and armor moves through Chinese lines during their breakout from the Chosin Reservoir • UN landing at Incheon harbor, starting point of the Battle of Incheon • Korean refugees in front of a U.S. M46 Patton tank • U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Baldomero Lopez, landing at Incheon • F-86 Sabre fighter aircraft
 South Korea

United Nations[lower-alpha 1]

Military stalemate
Vietnam War
(1955-1975)

Location: South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand

Clockwise, from top left: U.S. combat operations in Ia Đrăng, ARVN Rangers defending Saigon during the 1968 Tết Offensive, two A-4C Skyhawks after the Gulf of Tonkin incident, ARVN recapture Quảng Trị during the 1972 Easter Offensive, civilians fleeing the 1972 Battle of Quảng Trị, and burial of 300 victims of the 1968 Huế Massacre.
North Vietnamese and National Liberation Front victory
Laotian Civil War
(1959-1975)

Location: Kingdom of Laos

Laos
 Kingdom of Laos
Forces Armées Neutralistes
(from 1962)
 United States
 South Vietnam
 Thailand
Pathet Lao
Forces Armées Neutralistes
(1960–1962)
Patriotic Neutralists
(from 1963)
 North Vietnam
Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese victory
Communist insurgency in Thailand
(1959-1975)

Location: Thailand (primarily northeast Thailand)

Ta Ko Bi Cave, a former hideout used by communist rebels.
 Thailand

 Taiwan (until July 1967)

 United States

 Malaysia

Supported by:
 Indonesia (from 1968)[28]

Communist Party of Thailand

Pathet Lao
Khmer Rouge (until 1978)
Malayan Communist Party
Supported by:
 North Vietnam (until 1976)
 Vietnam (from 1976)
 China (1971–1978)
 Soviet Union
 North Korea

Thai government victory
  • Amnesty declared on 23 April 1980 by the Thai government
  • Order 66/2523 signed by Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda
  • Communist insurgency declines and ends in 1983
Cambodian Civil War
(1968-1975)

Location: Cambodia

US tanks entering a town in Cambodia in 1970.
Cambodia
(1967–1970)
Khmer Republic
(1970–1975)
 United States
 South Vietnam
GRUNK (1970–1975)

 North Vietnam
Việt Cộng

Khmer Rouge victory
Communist insurgency in Malaysia
(1968-1989)

Location: Malaysian Peninsular and Sarawak

Sarawak Rangers (present-day part of the Malaysian Rangers) consisting of Ibans leap from a Royal Australian Air Force Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter to guard the Malay–Thai border from potential Communist attacks in 1965, two years before the war starting in 1968.
Anti-communist forces:
 Malaysia[29]
 Thailand[30][31]

Supported by:
 United Kingdom[32]
 Australia
 New Zealand[33]
 United States
 South Vietnam (until 1975)

Communist forces:

Malayan Communist Party[34]

  • Malayan National Liberation Army[34]

Communist Party of Thailand (until 1983)
Supported by:
 China[35][36]
 Soviet Union[35]
 Vietnam (until late 1970s)
North Kalimantan Communist Party

Peace agreement reached
Third Indochina War
(1975-1991)

Location: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, China

 China
Democratic Kampuchea

Lao royalists
Hmong insurgents
FULRO
 Thailand
Supported by:
 United States
 North Korea[39]

 Vietnam
Laos
People's Republic of Kampuchea
Communist Party of Thailand
  • Pak Mai

Supported by:
Warsaw Pact countries (until 1991) [39]

Vietnamese border raids in Thailand
(1979–1989)

Location: Thai–Cambodian border, Gulf of Thailand

 Thailand
CGDK[40]

Supported by:
 United States
 China

 Vietnam
People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–89)
State of Cambodia (1989)
Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Poland[41]
 Czechoslovakia[42]
 East Germany[43]
  • Destruction of numerous guerrilla bases and refugee camps along the Thai–Cambodian border
  • Isolated outbreaks of open hostility between Vietnamese and Thai troops
  • Withdrawal of Vietnamese troops from the border in 1989
Thai–Laotian Border War
(1987-1988)

Location: Chat Trakan District, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand
Botene District, Sainyabuli Province, Lao PDR

Sarawak Rangers (present-day part of the Malaysian Rangers) consisting of Ibans leap from a Royal Australian Air Force Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter to guard the Malay–Thai border from potential Communist attacks in 1965, two years before the war starting in 1968Noen 1428 (Hill 1428), the battlefield of Thai–Laotian Border War of 1988, view from Phu Soidao National Park, Chat Trakan, Phitsanulok.
 Thailand  Laos
 Vietnam
Peace talks in Bangkok
Persian Gulf War
(1990-1991)

Location: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf

Clockwise from top: USAF F-15Es, F-16s, and a F-15C flying over burning Kuwaiti oil wells; British troops from the Staffordshire Regiment in Operation Granby; camera view from a Lockheed AC-130; the Highway of Death; M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle.
 Kuwait
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Saudi Arabia
 Egypt
 France
Iraq Coalition victory
International Force East Timor
(1999-2000)

Location: East Timor

Australian members of International Force East Timor (INTERFET), talk to a citizen in Dili, East Timor, in February 2000.
International Force:
  • Australia – 5,500
  • New Zealand – 1,200
  • Thailand – 1,600
  • Brazil 
  • Canada 
  • Fiji 
  • France 
  • Germany 
  • Ireland 
  • Italy 
  • Jordan 
  • Kenya 
  • Malaysia 
  • Norway 
  • Pakistan 
  • Philippines 
  • Portugal 
  • Singapore 
  • South Korea 
  • United Kingdom 
  • United States [46]
Insurgents: Conflict ended
  • Defeat of pro-Indonesian militia
  • Stabilisation of East Timor
Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa
(2002-present)

Location: Horn of Africa, Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel

French Naval commandos (green) and United States soldiers from the 3rd Infantry Regiment (tan) participate in an exercise at Djibouti in June 2004.
 NATO:

CJTF-HOA allies:

Non-NATO allies:

Dai Hong Dan incident:

Insurgents:

Pirates:

Ongoing
  • 21 high level Al-Shabaab leaders killed[51]
gollark: `openbox --reconfigure`, nobody.
gollark: Well, enjoy your [CURRENCY UNIT]s.
gollark: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Backlight
gollark: I think I use a CLI tool called `light`.
gollark: You need 45 cents?

See also

Notes

  1. On 9 July 1951 troop constituents were: US: 70.4%, ROK: 23.3% other UNC: 6.3%[13]

References

  1. Jumsai 1976, p. 54.
  2. Jumsai 1976, pp. 54–57.
  3. Jumsai 1976, pp. 58–61.
  4. Kohn, p. 447.
  5. Dupuy, p. 768.
  6. John W. Garver (1 December 2015). China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China. Oxford University Press. pp. 219–. ISBN 978-0-19-026106-1.
  7. A. Dahana (2002). "China Role's in Indonesia's "Crush Malaysia" Campaign". Universitas Indonesia. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  8. Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid (2013). "Malaysia-Indonesia Relations Before and After 1965: Impact on Bilateral and Regional Stability" (PDF). Programme of International Relations, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  9. Ching Fatt Yong (1997). The origins of Malayan communism. South Seas Society. ISBN 978-9971-936-12-9.
  10. T. N. Harper; Timothy Norman Harper (9 April 2001). The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00465-7.
  11. Major James M. Kimbrough IV (6 November 2015). Disengaging From Insurgencies: Insights From History And Implications For Afghanistan. Pickle Partners Publishing. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-1-78625-345-3.
  12. Geoffrey Jukes (1 January 1973). The Soviet Union in Asia. University of California Press. pp. 302–. ISBN 978-0-520-02393-2.
  13. Kim, Heesu (1996). Anglo-American Relations and the Attempts to Settle the Korean Question 1953–1960 (PDF) (Thesis). London School of Economics and Political Science. p. 213. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  14. Young, Sam Ma (2010). "Israel's Role in the UN during the Korean War" (PDF). Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. 4 (3): 81–89. doi:10.1080/23739770.2010.11446616. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2015.
  15. "Post-War Warriors: Japanese Combatants in the Korean War−− | The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus". apjjf.org.
  16. Edles, Laura Desfor (1998). Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: the transition to democracy after Franco. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0521628853.
  17. Edwards, Paul M. (2006). Korean War Almanac. Almanacs of American wars. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 528. ISBN 978-0816074679. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017.
  18. Kocsis, Piroska (2005). "Magyar orvosok Koreában (1950–1957)" [Hungarian physicians in Korea (1950–1957)]. ArchivNet: XX. századi történeti források (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magyar Országos Levéltár. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  19. "Romania's "Fraternal Support" to North Korea during the Korean War, 1950–1953". Wilson Centre. December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  20. Stueck 1995, p. 196.
  21. Millett, Allan Reed, ed. (2001). The Korean War, Volume 3. Korea Institute of Military History. U of Nebraska Press. p. 541. ISBN 978-0803277960. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2015. India could not be considered neutral.
  22. Birtle, Andrew J. (2000). The Korean War: Years of Stalemate. U.S. Army Center of Military History. p. 34. Archived from the original on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2007.
  23. Weil, Thomas E. et. al. Area Handbook for Brazil (1975), p. 293
  24. "Chapter Three: 1957–1969 Early Relations between Malaysia and Vietnam" (PDF). University of Malaya Student Repository. p. 72. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  25. Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Profiles of Malaysia's Foreign Ministers) (PDF). Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia). 2008. p. 31. ISBN 978-9832220268. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015. The Tunku had been personally responsible for Malaya's partisan support of the South Vietnamese regime in its fight against the Vietcong and, in reply to a Parliamentary question on 6 February 1962, he had listed all the used weapons and equipment of the Royal Malaya Police given to Saigon. These included a total of 45,707 single-barrel shotguns, 611 armoured cars and smaller numbers of carbines and pistols. Writing in 1975, he revealed that "we had clandestinely been giving 'aid' to Vietnam since early 1958. Published American archival sources now reveal that the actual Malaysian contributions to the war effort in Vietnam included the following: "over 5,000 Vietnamese officers trained in Malaysia; training of 150 U.S. soldiers in handling Tracker Dogs; a rather impressive list of military equipment and weapons given to Viet-Nam after the end of the Malaysian insurgency (for example, 641 armored personnel carriers, 56,000 shotguns); and a creditable amount of civil assistance (transportation equipment, cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime with arms, equipment and training was regarded by some quarters, especially the Opposition parties, as a form of interfering in the internal affairs of that country and the Tunku's valiant efforts to defend it were not convincing enough, from a purely foreign policy standpoint.
  26. "Why did Sweden support the Viet Cong?". HistoryNet. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  27. "Sweden announces support to Viet Cong". HISTORY.com. Retrieved 20 July 2016. In Sweden, Foreign Minister Torsten Nilsson reveals that Sweden has been providing assistance to the Viet Cong, including some $550,000 worth of medical supplies. Similar Swedish aid was to go to Cambodian and Laotian civilians affected by the Indochinese fighting. This support was primarily humanitarian in nature and included no military aid.
  28. Wassana Nanuam (August 2015). "Engagement of Malaysia and Indonesia on Counter Insurgency in the South of Thailand" (PDF). Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  29. Nazar bin Talib, pp.16–22
  30. Chin Peng, pp.479–80
  31. NIE report
  32. A Navaratnam, p. 10
  33. A. Navaratnam, p.10
  34. A. Navaratnam, pp.3–5
  35. Leszek Buszynski (13 September 2013). Soviet Foreign Policy and Southeast Asia (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. pp. 78–. ISBN 978-1-134-48085-2.
  36. John W. Garver (1 December 2015). China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China. Oxford University Press. pp. 219–. ISBN 978-0-19-026106-1.
  37. A. Navaratnam, pp.189–90"
  38. Chin Peng, pp.189–99
  39. Spencer C. Tucker, Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History, p.155
  40. since 1982, the KR, the KPNLF and the ANS formed the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea.
  41. "Diplomats Recall Cambodia After the Khmer Rouge - The Cambodia Daily". The Cambodia Daily. 5 April 2003. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  42. Weiss, Thomas G.; Evans, Gareth J.; Hubert, Don; Sahnoun, Mohamed (2001). The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. International Development Research Centre (Canada). p. 58. ISBN 9780889369634. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  43. https://www.rbth.com/arts/2016/03/19/when-moscow-helped-topple-the-khmer-rouge_576789
  44. "Den 1. Golfkrig". Forsvaret.dk. 24 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  45. Cross, Lyle. "East Timor: A Case Study in C4I Innovation". US Navy Information Technology Magazine. Department of Navy (US). Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  46. Pike, John. "Pirates". Global security. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  47. "Eritrea 'arming' Somali militia". BBC News. 27 July 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  48. "UN probes Eritrea arms in Somalia – Africa". Al Jazeera English. 16 May 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  49. Gettleman, Jeffrey (27 July 2007). "A U.N. Report on Somalia Accuses Eritrea of Adding to the Chaos". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  50. "Somalia Leaders Killed". New America Foundation. 740 15th Street, N.W., Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005. May 19, 2016.
  51. "Royal Thai Navy Anti-Piracy Fleet" (Press release). Royal Thai Embassy in Singapore. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  52. Panrak, Patcharapol (8 July 2011). "Thai navy returns to Somalia for 2nd anti-piracy tour". Pattaya Mail. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.