List of wars involving Vietnam

This is a list of wars involving the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and its predecessor states.

Hồng Bàng Dynasty (2879 BC – 257 BC)

Conflict Hùng Kings
and allies
Opponents Result
Lac Viet-Au Viet War
(257 BC?)
Lạc Việt tribe Âu Việt tribe Lac Viet was annexed into Au Viet.
  • Establishment of Au Lac under Thục Dynasty

Thục Dynasty (257 BC – 207 BC or 179 BC?)

Conflict Thục Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
Baiyue-Qin War
(221 BCE214 BCE)
Baiyue tribes Qin Empire Partial victory
  • Minyue and Nanyue tribes were annexed into Qin Empire
  • Âu Lạc retained independence
Au Lac–Nanyue War
(207 BCE or 179 BC?)
Âu Lạc under Thục dynasty Nanyue under Triệu dynasty Defeat
  • Âu Lạc was annexed into Nanyue

Triệu Dynasty (207 BC – 111 BC)

Conflict Triệu Dynasty and allies Opponents Result
Han–Nam Viet War
(111 BCE)
Nanyue under Triệu dynasty Han Empire Defeat

First and Second Chinese Domination (111 BC – 544)

Conflict Yue people Opponents Result
Trưng Sisters Revolt
(4043)
Trưng Sisters rebels in Lingnan Han Empire Defeat
Lady Triệu Revolt
(248)
Lady Triệu rebels in Jiuzhen Wu Defeat
  • Lady Triệu Revolt was suppressed.
Liang–Yue War
(542545)
Lý Bí rebels in Jiaozhi Liang Victory

Early Lý Dynasty (545 – 602)

Conflict Early Lý Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
Sui-Van Xuan War
(545602)
Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty Sui Defeat

Third Chinese Domination (602 – 905)

Conflict Yue people Opponents Result
Mai Hắc Đế Revolt
(722)
Mai Hắc Đế rebels in Annam Great Tang Defeat
Phùng Hưng Revolt
(791)
Phùng Hưng rebels in Annam Great Tang Defeat

Autonomous era under Khúc Family (905 – 938) and Ngô Dynasty (938 – 967)

Conflict Khúc Family
and allies
Opponents Result
First Southern Han–Annam War
(930931)
Dương Đình Nghệ forces in Annam Great Han Victory
  • Beginning of autonomous era of Vietnam under Khúc Family
Second Southern Han-Annam War
(938)
Ngô Quyền forces in Annam Great Han Victory
  • Establishment of Ngô dynasty
  • Beginning of independence era of Vietnam

Warlord era (944 – 968) and Đinh Dynasty (968 – 980)

Conflict Đinh Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
12 Warlords Rebellion
(944968)
Đinh Bộ Lĩnh clan 11 Warlords Victory for Đinh Bộ Lĩnh clan
  • Unification of Vietnam into Đại Cồ Việt
  • Establishment of Đinh dynasty

Early Lê Dynasty (9801009)

Conflict Early Lê Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
First Dai Co Viet-Song War
(981)
Đại Cồ Việt under Early Lê dynasty Great Song Victory
  • Establishment of Early Lê dynasty
Champa-Dai Co Viet War
(982)
Đại Cồ Việt under Early Lê dynasty Champa Victory

Later Lý Dynasty (10091225)

Conflict Later Lý Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
Champa–Dai Co Viet War
(1044)
Đại Cồ Việt under Later Lý dynasty Champa Victory
Champa–Dai Viet War
(1069)
Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty Champa Victory
Lý–Song War
(10751077)
Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty Great Song Indecisive
Dai Viet-Khmer War
(1123–1150)[1]
Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty Khmer Empire
Champa
Victory

Trần Dynasty (12251400)

Conflict Trần Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
First Dai Viet-Mongol War
(12571258)
Đại Việt under Trần dynasty
Champa
Mongol Empire Victory
Second Dai Viet-Mongol War
(12841285)
Đại Việt under Trần dynasty
Champa
Great Yuan Victory
Third Dai Viet-Mongol War
(12871288)
Đại Việt under Trần dynasty
Champa
Great Yuan Victory
Champa–Dai Viet War
(13671396)
Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa Defeat in early periods, Victory in final periods

Hồ Dynasty (14001407)

Conflict Hồ Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
Champa–Dai Ngu War
(14001407)
Đại Ngu under Hồ dynasty Champa Victory[2] [3]
Dai Ngu-Ming War
(14061407)
Đại Ngu under Hồ dynasty Great Ming Defeat

Fourth Chinese Domination (14071427)

Conflict Yue people Opponents Result
Later Trần revolt
(14071413)
Later Trần rebels in Jiaozhi Great Ming Defeat
Lam Sơn uprising
(14181427)
Lam Sơn rebels in Jiaozhi Great Ming Victory
  • Establishment of Later Lê dynasty

Later Lê Dynasty (14281778)

Conflict Later Lê Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
Champa-Dai Viet War
(1446)
Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Champa Victory
Dai Viet-Lan Xang War
(14781480)[4]
Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Lan Xang
Muang Phuan
Lan Na
Indecisive
Champa–Dai Viet War
(1471)
Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Champa Victory
Trần Cảo Rebellion
(15161521)
Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Trần Cảo's rebels Victory
  • Trần Cảo rebellion was suppressed
Lê-Mạc Civil War
(15331677)
Southern Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Northern Đại Việt under Mạc dynasty Victory for Later Lê dynasty
  • Re-establishment of Later Lê Dynasty
First Trịnh–Nguyễn Civil War
(16271672)
Đàng Ngoài under Later Lê dynasty and Trịnh lords
Dutch East India Company
Đàng Trong under Nguyễn lords Indecisive
Dutch-Nguyễn War
(1643)
Đàng Trong under Nguyễn lords Dutch East India Company Victory for Nguyễn lords
Cambodian Civil War
(1714-17)[5]
Kaev Hua III
Nguyễn lords
Thommo Reachea III
Ayutthaya Kingdom
Defeat for Nguyễn lords
Dai Viet-Siam War
(17691773)[6][7]
Đàng Trong under Nguyễn lords Thonburi Kingdom Defeat
Second Trịnh–Nguyễn Civil War
(17741775)
Đàng Ngoài under Later Lê dynasty
Trịnh lords
Đàng Trong under Nguyễn lords Victory for Trịnh lords

Tây Sơn Dynasty (17781802)

Conflict Tây Sơn Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
Tây Sơn–Nguyễn Civil War
(17721777)[8]
Tây Sơn rebels Đàng Trong under Nguyễn lords Victory for Tây Sơn rebels
Dai Viet-Siam War
(1785)
Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty Rattanakosin Kingdom
Đàng Trong under Nguyễn lords
Victory
  • Near-annihilation of Siamese force.
Tây Sơn–Trịnh Civil War
(1775-1786)[8]
Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty Đàng Ngoài under Trịnh lords Victory for Tây Sơn dynasty
Dai Viet-Qing War
(17881789)
Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty Qing Empire
Later Lê dynasty
Victory for Tây Sơn dynasty
Tây Sơn–Nguyễn Civil War
(17781802)[8]
Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty Gia Long leading the Nguyễn lords Regime change

Nguyễn Dynasty (18021887)

Conflict Nguyễn Dynasty
and allies
Opponents Result
Cambodian Rebellion
(18111812)
Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
Ang Chan forces of Khmer
Rattanakosin Kingdom
Ang Snguon forces of Khmer
Victory
  • Ang Chan regained the throne of Cambodia
Chao Anu Rebellion
(18251828)
Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
Anouvong forces of Laos
Rattanakosin Kingdom Defeat
Siamese–Vietnamese War
(18311834)
Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Rattanakosin Kingdom Victory
Lê Văn Khôi revolt
(18331835)
Việt Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Lê Văn Khôi rebels
Rattanakosin Kingdom
Victory
Dai Nam-Siam War
(18411845)
Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Rattanakosin Kingdom Inconclusive
Cochinchina Campaign
(18581862)
Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Second French Empire
Spain
Defeat
Tonkin Campaign
(18831886)
Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
Qing under Qing Empire
Black Flag Army
 France Defeat
Sino-French War
(18841885)
Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty
Qing under Qing Empire
Black Flag Army
 France Both sides claimed victory[9] [10]

French Indochina (18871945)

Conflict French Indochina
and allies
Opponents Result
Cần Vương Rebellion
(18851896)
 France
French Indochina
Cần Vương forces Victory
  • Insurrection crushed.
Yên Thế Insurrection
(18841913)
 France
French Indochina
Hoàng Hoa Thám forces Victory
  • Insurrection crushed.
Franco-Siamese War
(1893)
 France
French Indochina
Rattanakosin Kingdom Victory
  • Laos ceded to French Indochina.
Cochinchina uprising
(1916)
 France
French Indochina
Cochinchina rebels Victory
  • Uprising crushed.
Thái Nguyên uprising
(1917)
 France
French Indochina
Thái Nguyên rebels Victory
  • Uprising crushed.
Yên Bái mutiny
(1930)
 France
French Indochina
Nationalist forces Victory
  • Mutiny defeated.
Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets
(19301931)
 France
French Indochina
Communist forces Victory
  • Uprising crushed.
Japanese invasion of Indochina
(1940)
 France
French Indochina
 Japan Defeat
  • Japanese occupied Northern French Indochina
Franco-Thai War
(19401941)
 France
French Indochina
 Thailand Military Indecisive
Thai Political victory
  • Disputed enclaves returned to Thailand.
Southern uprising
(1940)
 France
French Indochina
 Japan
Communist forces Victory
  • Uprising crushed.
Bắc Sơn uprising
(1940)
 France
French Indochina
 Japan
Communist forces Victory
  • Uprising crushed.

Modern Vietnam (1945present)

Conflict Vietnam
and allies
Opponents Result President
Operation Masterdom
(19451946)
Viet Minh United Kingdom
British India
France
French Indochina
Japan
Defeat (for Viet Minh)
Hồ Chí Minh
First Indochina War
(19461954)[lower-alpha 1]
Viet Minh
Pathet Lao
Khmer Issarak
 France
State of Vietnam
Kingdom of Cambodia
Kingdom of Laos
Victory (for Viet Minh and allies)
Laotian Civil War
(19531975)

Pathet Lao
 North Vietnam

 Kingdom of Laos
 United States
 South Vietnam
 Thailand
Victory
  • Establishment of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Vietnam War
(19551975)[lower-alpha 2]
North Vietnam
Viet Cong
Khmer Rouge
Pathet Lao
 China
 Soviet Union
 North Korea
South Vietnam
United States
 South Korea
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Taiwan
 Thailand
 Philippines
Kingdom of Laos
Khmer Republic
Victory (for North Vietnam and allies)
Cambodian Civil War
(19671975)

National United Front of Kampuchea
Khmer Rouge
Khmer Rumdo
Khmer Việt Minh
 North Vietnam
Việt Cộng

Kingdom of Cambodia (1967–1970)
Khmer Republic (1970–1975)
 United States
 South Vietnam
Victory
Insurgency in the Central Highlands
(19751992)
 Vietnam FULRO Victory
  • Insurgency quelled
Tôn Đức Thắng
Insurgency in Laos
(19752007)
 Vietnam
 Laos
Hmong insurgents Victory
  • Insurgency quelled
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
(19771989)[lower-alpha 3]
 Vietnam
FUNSK
Khmer Rouge
KPNLF
FUNCINPEC
 Thailand
Victory
  • Removal of the Khmer Rouge from power
  • 1991 Paris Peace Accords
Sino-Vietnamese War
(1979)
 Vietnam  China Both sides claimed victory
  • Chinese withdrawal from Vietnam
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979–90
(19791990)
 Vietnam  China Inconclusive
  • Normalization of bilateral relations
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
Thai–Laotian Border War
(19871988)
 Vietnam
 Laos
 Thailand Victory
Võ Chí Công

Notes

  1. Official start date at December 19, 1946, when France captured Hanoi. However, the conflict started already in September 1945, when British troops took Saigon during Operation Masterdom. The Haiphong conflict, lasting from March 3, 1946 until 1947, also lead to tensions between France and China.
  2. Start date remains disputed, but North Vietnam did not intervene before 1959. Includes the Laotian Civil War, the North Vietnamese invasion of Laos and the Cambodian Civil War. First battle between the South Vietnamese army and FNL occurred at September 26, 1959; Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960 The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1, Chapter 5, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), Section 3, pp. 314–346; International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College.
  3. See also: Vietnamese border raids in Thailand.

Citations

  1. Kohn, p. 524.
  2. Dupuy, p. 483.
  3. Kohn, p. 522.
  4. Stuart-Fox, pp. 65-67.
  5. Kohn, p. 445.
  6. Kohn, p. 447.
  7. Dupuy, p. 768.
  8. Kohn, p. 523.
  9. Chen
  10. Elleman, p. 297.
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References

Chen, King C. "China's War Against Vietnam, 1979: A Military Analysis". School of Law University of Maryland. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
Dupuy, R. Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor N. (1993). The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present (Fourth ed.). New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-270056-1.
Elleman, Bruce A. (2001). Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795-1989. Routledge. ISBN 0415214742.
Kohn, George Childs (1999). Dictionary of Wars (Revised ed.). New York: Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-3928-3.
Stuart-Fox, Martin (1998). The Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang: Rise and Decline. White Lotus Press. ISBN 974-8434-33-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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