List of transport megaprojects
This is a list of megaprojects. Care should be taken in comparing the cost of projects from different times, even a few years apart due to inflation; comparing nominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading.
According to the Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management in 2017, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people".[1]
Completed projects
Project | Description | Location | Approximate cost (in billions USD) | Start of construction | Year of completion | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karachi-Lahore Motorway | Motorway | ![]() |
11.5 | 2015 | 2019 | ![]() |
|
Otoyol 5 | Highway | ![]() |
7[2] | 2013 | 2016(Phase I) 2019(Phase II) |
![]() |
Including Osman Gazi Bridge.[3] |
Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel | Road Tunnel | ![]() |
3.1[4] | 2013 | 2019 | ![]() |
|
Confederation Line | Rapid transit | ![]() |
3.9 | 2013[5] | 2019 (stage 1) 2024 (stage 2) |
![]() |
$2.1 billion + $3.0 billion CA$)[6] |
Santiago Metro Line 3 | Rapid Transit Line | ![]() |
1.7 | 2012 | 2019 | ||
Crimean Bridge | Rail/road bridge | ![]() |
3.7[7] | 2015 | 2018 (road bridge) 2019 (rail bridge) |
![]() |
|
Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge | Bridge–tunnel | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
17 | 2009 | 2018 | ![]() |
|
New Tappan Zee Bridge | Bridge Replacement | ![]() |
3.9 | 2013 | 2018 | ![]() |
|
Abuja Light Rail (phase 1 nearing completion) | Light Rail, Commuter Rail | ![]() |
2.7[9] | 2007 | 2018 (phases ongoing) | ![]() |
|
Noord/Zuidlijn | Rapid transit line | ![]() |
4.4[10] | 2002 | 2018 | ![]() |
(€3.1bn) |
Klang Valley MRT Line 1 | Rapid Transit | ![]() |
11.7[11] | 2012 | 2017 | ![]() |
(MYR36B) |
Ionia Odos | Freeway | ![]() |
1.8[12] | 2007 | 2017 | ![]() |
(€1.4bn) |
German Unification Transport Projects (Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit) | Transport project to achieve the German Unity | ![]() |
42[13] | 1991 | 2016 – continues expansion until 2020 | ![]() |
|
AVE - Spain's high-speed railway network | High-speed railway | ![]() |
44[14] | 1992 | 2016 - continues expansion | ![]() |
40[14] billion euros |
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge | Bridge | ![]() |
2[15] | 2013 | 2016 | ||
Evergreen Point Floating Bridge | Road Bridge | ![]() |
4.56[16] | 2012 | 2016 | ![]() |
|
Eurasia Tunnel | Undersea tunnel | ![]() |
1.3[17] | 2011 | 2016 | ![]() |
|
Gotthard Base Tunnel | Railway tunnel | ![]() |
10.6[18] | 1999 | 2016 | ![]() |
(CHF 9.56 billion) |
World Trade Center Transportation Hub | Transit center and retail | ![]() |
3.9[19] | 2006 | 2016 | ![]() |
|
Blanka tunnel complex | Road tunnel | ![]() |
1.75[20] | 2006 | 2015 | ![]() |
|
Adler–Krasnaya Polyana road and railway | Freeway and railway | ![]() |
9.4[21] | 2014 | ![]() |
||
Budapest Metro Line 4 | Rapid Transit line | ![]() |
2.1[22][23] | 2004 | 2014 | ![]() |
(HUF 452bn) |
Marina Coastal Expressway | Highway | ![]() |
3.4[24][25] | 2008 | 2013[26] | (S$4.3 bn) | |
Marmaray Tunnel | Undersea railway tunnel | ![]() |
4.5[27] | 2004 | 2008(Phase I) 2013(Phase II) |
![]() |
Deepest immersed tube tunnel in the world. |
Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge | Road bridge | ![]() |
6.4 | 2002 | 2013 | ![]() |
|
Russky Bridge | Road Bridge | ![]() |
1.1[28] | 2008 | 2012 | ![]() |
|
Freeway Durango-Mazatlán and Baluarte Bridge | Freeway and road bridge | ![]() |
1.46[29][30] | 2008 | 2012 | ![]() |
|
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge | Bridge | ![]() |
1.5[31] | 2007 | 2011 | ![]() |
|
Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway | High-speed rail | ![]() |
33.1[32] | 2008 | 2011 | ![]() |
(RMB 220.9bn) |
Clem Jones Tunnel | Road tunnel | ![]() |
3.4[33] | 2006 | 2010 | ![]() |
(AUD3.2bn) |
CBD and South East Light Rail | Light Rail | ![]() |
1.58 | 2019 | |||
Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway | High-speed rail | ![]() |
18.5[34] | 2005 | 2009 | ![]() |
(RMB 116.6bn) |
Egnatia Odos | Freeway | ![]() |
8.4[35] | 1994 | 2009 | ![]() |
(€5.9bn) |
Incheon Bridge | Bridge | ![]() |
1.4 | 2005 | 2009 | ![]() |
(KRW 1.25tn) |
Sound Transit | Light rail, Commuter rail, Express bus service | ![]() |
3.9 | 1997 | 2009 - continues expansion | ![]() |
|
Bologna–Florence high-speed railway | High-speed rail | ![]() |
6.9 | 1996 | 2009 | (€5.2 billion) | |
Milan–Bologna high-speed railway | High-speed rail | ![]() |
9.1 | 1993 | 2008 | (€6.9 billion) | |
Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway | High-speed rail | ![]() |
3.2 | 2005 | 2008 | (RMB 20.42bn) | |
High Speed 1 | High-speed rail | ![]() |
8.4[37] | 1998 | 2007 | ![]() |
(GBP5.2bn) |
Lötschberg Base Tunnel | Railway tunnel | ![]() |
4.6 | 1999 | 2007 | ![]() |
(CHF 4.3 billion) |
Copenhagen Metro phase 1-3 | Metro system | ![]() |
1.47[38] | 1996 | 2007 | ![]() |
11,400,000,000 DKK |
"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project | Road tunnel | ![]() |
22[39] | 1991 | 2007 | ![]() |
14.6 billion USD |
Colorado T-REX Project (TRansportation EXpansion) | Highway & light rail upgrade | ![]() |
1.7[40] | 2001 | 2006 | ![]() |
|
Shanghai Maglev Train | Maglev | ![]() |
1.33 | 2001 | 2004 | ![]() |
(RMB 10bn) |
Red Line | Rapid Transit | ![]() |
4.5[41] | 1986 | 2000 | ![]() |
|
Toei Ōedo Line | Rapid Transit | ![]() |
18.4[42] | 1988 | 2000 | ![]() |
(¥1.400 billion) |
Jubilee Line Extension | Metro line | ![]() |
6.83 (2010USD)[43] | 1993 | 1999 | ![]() |
3.5 billion GBP |
Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project | 17 bridges connecting the islands of Honshū and Shikoku | ![]() |
48[44] | 1978 | 1999 | ![]() |
4 trillion Yen |
Øresund Bridge | Rail/road bridge/tunnel | ![]() ![]() |
5.7[45] | 1995 | 1999 | (DKK30.1bn) | |
Great Belt Fixed Link | Rail/road bridge/tunnel | ![]() |
3.5 | 1988 | 1998 | ![]() |
(DKK21.4bn) |
Vasco da Gama Bridge | Road bridge | ![]() |
1.3[46] | 1995 | 1998 | ![]() |
(€897m / 180bn PTE) |
Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge | Road bridge | ![]() |
5[47] | 1988 | 1998 | ||
Channel Tunnel | Continental railway tunnel | Strait of Dover, English Channel between the ![]() ![]() |
15.4[48] | 1988 | 1994 | ![]() |
(GBP9.5bn) |
Interstate Highway System | Network of limited-access roadways | ![]() |
114[49] | 1956 | 1992[50][51] | ![]() |
425 billion in 2006 dollars[52] |
Baikal–Amur Mainline | Railway | ![]() |
15[53] | 1974 | 1984 | ![]() |
|
Bay Area Rapid Transit | Rapid transit system | ![]() |
1.586[54] | 1964 | 1976 - continues expansion | $9.69 billion adjusted for inflation | |
Saint Lawrence Seaway | Canal system | St Lawrence River and North American Great Lakes between the ![]() ![]() |
0.470[55] | 1954 | 1959 | ![]() |
|
Caracas-La Guaira highway | Highway | ![]() |
0.06[56][57] | 1950 | 1953 | ![]() |
|
Trans-Siberian Railway | Railroad | ![]() |
0.770[58] | 1891 | 1916 | ![]() |
|
Panama Canal | Canal | ![]() |
0.375[59] | 1881 | 1914 | ![]() |
|
First Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad | ![]() |
0.1[60] | 1863 | 1869 | ![]() |
$1.92 billion adjusted for inflation |
Suez Canal | Canal | ![]() |
0.082[61] | 1859 | 1869 | ![]() |
|
Under construction
Project | Description | Location | Approximate cost (in billions USD) | Start of construction | Planned year of completion | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Çanakkale 1915 Bridge | Bridge | ![]() |
4[62] | 2017 | 2022 | ![]() |
Will span two continents. |
Green Line Extension | Light Rail | ![]() |
1[63] | 2012 | 2021 | ||
Kınalı-Balıkesir Motorway | Motorway | ![]() |
2[64] | 2017 | 2023 | ![]() |
|
Crossrail 1 | Railway, Commuter rail, Rapid transit | ![]() |
23.0[65] | 2007 |
2021 |
A new 73m (117 km) railway line in England, serving London, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Essex. | |
Sha Tin to Central Link | Railway | ![]() |
12 | 2012 | 2020-2021 | ![]() |
|
Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link | Undersea tunnel | ![]() ![]() |
8.57[66] | 2019[66] | 2028[66] | ||
Lagos-Kano Standard Gauge Railway (under construction, phase 1 completed) | Railway | From ![]() |
8.3[67] | 2011 | 2020 (phase 2) | ||
Lagos-Calabar Railway | Railway | ![]() |
11.9[68] | 2020 (expected) | TBA | ||
Lagos Rail Mass Transit | Rapid Transit, Commuter Rail | ![]() |
3.6[69][70] | 2009 | 2022 | ||
Badagry Deep Sea Port | Seaport | ![]() |
2.3[71] | 2016 | 2018 (phase 1)[72] | ||
Fourth Mainland Bridge | Bridge | ![]() |
4.2[73] | 2018 (expected) | TBA | ||
Northern Latitudinal Railway | railway | ![]() |
3.03[74] | 2018 | 2023 | ||
Lekki Port | Seaport | ![]() |
1.6[75] | 2015 | 2018 (phase 1) | ||
Honolulu Rail Transit | Railway | ![]() |
10 | 2011 | 2021 (Phase 1) 2022 (Phase 2)
2025 (Phase 3) |
||
California High-Speed Rail | High-speed railway | ![]() |
80.3[76] | 2015 | 2033 (Phase I) |
![]() ![]() Locations of planned California High-Speed Rail route. Phase I: black; Phase II: dark blue. (The separate XpressWest system is shown in light blue.) Route is approximate in some places. |
|
China Pakistan Economic Corridor | Economic corridor | ![]() ![]() |
46 | 2015 | 2020 | ![]() |
|
Barcelona Metro line 9
(under construction) |
Rapid transit line | ![]() |
26.3[77][78] | 2009 | 2026 | (€19bn) | |
Santiago Metro Line 7 | Rapid transit line | ![]() |
2.9 | 2017 | 2025 | ||
Cross River Rail (under construction) | Rapid transit | ![]() |
4.3[79][80] | 2017 | 2024[79] | AUD $5.4 billion | |
Sydney Metro | Rapid transit | ![]() |
13 | 2013 | Northwest: 2019
City and Southwest: 2024 |
AUD $20.3 billion (Stage 1 and 2) | |
Second Avenue Subway Phase 2
(under construction) |
Rapid transit line | ![]() |
6[81] | 2021 (expected) | 2026 Phase 2 | ![]() |
|
Orange Line (Lahore Metro) (Under Construction) | Rapid Transit | ![]() |
1.6 | 2015 | 2020 | ||
Thameslink Programme | Commuter rail upgrade | ![]() |
8.9-9.7[82] | 2009 | 2021 | (GBP5.5-6.0bn) | |
NHDP | Highway upgrade | ![]() |
71[83] | 2000 | 2018 | NH 47 between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu, India. |
(INR 4.5 trillion).This project will be completed by early 2018 and will be supersized by Bharatmala project. |
Highway Vespucio Oriente | Road tunnel | ![]() |
1.1 | 2017 | 2022 | ![]() |
|
Highway Costanera Central | Road tunnel | ![]() |
1.2 | 2017 | 2024 | ||
Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway | Railway | ![]() |
2 | 2001 | 2018 | ||
Tunnel Agua Negra Pass | Road tunnel | ![]() ![]() |
1.5 | 2018 | 2025 | ![]() |
|
WestConnex | Road tunnel | ![]() |
11.3 ($15 billion AUD) | 2015 | Stage 1 & 2- 2019 (expected)
Stage 3- 2023 (expected) |
![]() |
|
Fastracks | Light Rail, Commuter Rail | ![]() |
6.5[84] | 2006 | 2044 (expected) | ||
City Rail Link | Commuter rail | ![]() |
2.4[85] | 2015 | 2024
(expected) |
(NZD$3.5bn) | |
Eglinton Crosstown | Light rail | ![]() |
5.230[86] | 2010 | 2022 | ||
Bar-Boljare highway | Highway | ![]() |
3.7[87][88] | 2015[89] | 2019 | (2.77 billion €) | |
Grand Paris Express | Automated rapid transit | ![]() |
27 | 2014 | from 2020 to 2030 | ![]() |
4 new lines, 200 km, 72 new stations |
Scarborough Subway Extension | Rapid transit | ![]() |
2.6 | 2018 (expected) | 2023 | CA$3.4 billion[90] | |
Ohio River Bridges Project | Road bridges and interchange reconfiguration | ![]() |
2.3[91] | 2014 | 2024 | ||
Tehran-Shomal Freeway, 121 km | Freeway | ![]() |
1.7[92] | 2017 | ![]() |
(HUF 452bn) | |
Stuttgart 21 | Railway & Urban Development | ![]() |
7.4 | 2010 | 2025 | ![]() |
estimates up to 6.8 bn € |
Birmingham Northern Beltline (I-422) | Highway | ![]() |
5.445 | 2014 | 2047 | ||
Brenner Base Tunnel | Railway tunnel | ![]() ![]() |
10.7 | 2008 | 2026 | (€8.7 bn) | |
Koralm Tunnel | Railway tunnel | ![]() |
6.6 | 2009 | 2022-26 | (€5.4 bn, est. 10+ bn[93]) | |
Semmering Base Tunnel | Railway tunnel | ![]() |
4.0 | 2012 | 2024 | (€3.3 bn) | |
Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor | High Speed Railway | ![]() |
16 | 2019 | 2022 | ||
Bharatmala | Highway building and upgradation | ![]() |
100 | 2017 | 2022 | ||
Sagarmala | Port | ![]() |
120 | 2017 | 2025 | ||
Réseau express Métropolitain (REM) | Light Metro | ![]() |
4.8 | 2018 | 2023 | ![]() |
67 km of rails, 26 stations, automated light metro at $CDN 6.4bn |
Metro: All Change | Rapid transit | ![]() |
1.3 | 2010[94] | 2024 | ||
High Speed 2 | High Speed Railway | ![]() |
106.4[95] | 2017[96] | 2033 | ![]() |
330mi/530 km of High Speed track,[97] 5 stations and West Coast Mainline integration |
Northern Powerhouse Rail | Railway & Urban renewal | ![]() |
39[98] | 2018[99] | 2026[100] | ![]() |
Links Liverpool, Sheffield, Kingston-upon-Hull & Newcastle-upon-Tyne to High Speed 2. |
Link light rail Blue Line | Light rail line | ![]() |
3.7 | 2016 | 2023-4 | ![]() |
|
Regional Connector | Light rail tunnel | ![]() |
1.245 | 2014 | 2022 | ![]() |
Proposed
Airport projects
Airport | Location | IATA Code | Passengers (total) | Year completed | Cost (in US Dollars) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abu Dhabi International Airport | ![]() | AUH | 20,000,000 | 1982 | 6.8 billion |
Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas International Airport Terminals 4 and 4S | ![]() | MAD | 57,891,340 | 2006 | 8.7 billion |
Al Maktoum International Airport | ![]() | DWC | 410,278 (expected: 260 million) | 2010 | 32 billion |
Athens International Airport | ![]() | ATH | 16,225,885 | 2001 | 3 billion |
Bandung Majalengka International Airport | ![]() | KJT | 29,000,000 (expected) | 2018 | 15 billion |
Barcelona–El Prat Airport | ![]() | BCN | 50,172,457 | 4 billion | |
Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport | ![]() | BER | 28,000,000 (expected)[114] | 2020 (expected) | 10 billion (as of 2018)[115] |
Changi Airport Terminal 3 | ![]() | SIN | 22,000,000 | 2008 | 1.4 billion[116] |
Changi Airport Terminal 4 | ![]() | SIN | 65,628,000 | 2017 | 1 billion[117] |
Ciudad Real Central Airport | ![]() | CQM | Ceased operations in 2012 (expected: 10 million) | 2009 | 1.41 billion |
Clark International Airport | ![]() | CRK | 2,664,378 | 10 billion | |
Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport | ![]() | SCL | 30,000,000 | 2021 (expected) | 1 billion |
Denver International Airport | ![]() | DEN | 50,167,485 | 1995 | 4.8 billion |
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport | ![]() | CAN | 59,732,147 | 2004 | 3 billion |
Hong Kong International Airport | ![]() | HKG | 70,502,000 | 1998 | 20 billion[118] |
Incheon International Airport | ![]() | ICN | 28,677,161 | 2001 | 5 billion (Phase 1)
2.6 billion (Phase 2) |
Istanbul New Airport | ![]() | IST | 52,578,008[119] | 2018 | 29 billion (including side projects)[120] |
Kansai International Airport | ![]() | KIX | 27,987,564 | 1994 | 20 billion |
King Abdulaziz International Airport | ![]() | JED | 18,000,000 | 1981 | 7.2 billion[121] |
King Shaka International Airport | ![]() | DUR | 7,500,000 | 2010 | 1 billion |
Kuala Lumpur International Airport | ![]() | KUL | 52,643,511 | 1998 | 3.5 billion |
Kuala Namu International Airport | ![]() | KNO | 12,245,116 | 2013 | 4.4 billion[122] |
Long Thanh International Airport | ![]() | N/A | 100,000,000 (expected) | 2020 (expected) | 10 billion |
Navi Mumbai International Airport | ![]() | NMU | 60,000,000 (expected) | 2023 (expected) | 2 billion |
New Chennai International Airport | ![]() | N/A | 35,000,000 (expected) | 2021 (expected) | 1 billion |
Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal C | ![]() | EWR | 33,399,207 | 2003 | 1.2 billion |
New Islamabad International Airport | ![]() | IBD | 5,140,585 | 2018 | 3.91 billion |
New Lisbon Airport | ![]() | N/A | 50,000,000 (expected) | 2022 (expected) | 4.5 billion |
New Mexico City International Airport | ![]() | MEX | Ceased operations in 2018 (expected: 125 million) | 2018 | 13 billion |
Suvarnabhumi Airport | ![]() | BKK | 55,892,428 | 2006 | 3.8 billion |
Central Transport Hub | ![]() | N/A | ~ 45,000,000 (expected) | 2027 (expected) | 4.2-5.0 billion (expected, without rail component and road component) |
Western Sydney Airport | ![]() | SWZ | 10,000,000 (initially) 82,000,000 (by 2036) | 2026 (expected) | 3.3 billion |
- John F. Kennedy Airport
- Hartsfield-Jackson Airport, the busiest in the world.
- O'Hare Airport
- Terminal 3 at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
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gollark: Yes, well.
gollark: And just randomly tries different things until I say that they look less wrong.
gollark: Oh, and he is apparently entirely incapable of generalization or remembering things from more than 15 seconds ago.
gollark: He doesn't understand some things, which is fine I guess, but he also doesn't seem to understand the things he needs to understand to understand those things either, and seems to think he's done with things when the arbitrary computer marking thing™ says so even when it's repeatedly blatantly wrong, and wants me to just give him answers so he'll apparently learn from them.
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|journal=
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