Toei Ōedo Line


The Toei Ōedo Line (都営地下鉄大江戸線, Toei Chikatetsu Ōedo-sen) is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei). It commenced full operations on December 12, 2000; using the Japanese calendar this reads "12/12/12" as the year 2000 equals Heisei 12. The line is completely underground, making it the second-longest railway tunnel in Japan after the Seikan Tunnel.

Toei Ōedo Line
A Toei 12-600 series EMU used on the Ōedo Line
Overview
TypeRapid transit
LocaleTokyo
TerminiTochōmae
Hikarigaoka
Stations38
Daily ridership933,621 (2016)[1]
Operation
OpenedDecember 10, 1991 (first section)
December 12, 2000 (entire line)
OwnerTokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei)
Depot(s)Kiba
Rolling stockToei 12-000 series
Technical
Line length40.7 km (25.3 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) LIM (Linear Induction Motor)
Electrification1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Operating speed70 km/h (43 mph)
Route map
Toei Ōedo Line
km
0.0
 Tochomae
0.8
 Shinjuku-nishiguchi
 Seibu Shinjuku Line
2.2
 Higashi-shinjuku
 Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line
3.2
 Wakamatsu-kawada
3.8
 Ushigome-yanagicho
4.8
 Ushigome-kagurazaka
 Tokyo Metro Namboku Line
 JR Chūō-Sōbu Line
5.8
 Iidabashi
 Tokyo Metro Tozai Line
 Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line
 JR Chūō-Sōbu Line
 Tokyo Metro Namboku Line
6.8
 Kasuga
 Toei Mita Line
 Tokyo Metro Namboku Line (at Korakuen)
 Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (at Korakuen)
7.6
 Hongo-sanchome
 Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line
8.7
 Ueno-okachimachi
 Tokyo Metro Ginza Line (at Ueno-hirokoji)
 Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line (at Naka-okachimachi)
 JR Yamanote Line (at Okachimachi)
 JR Keihin-Tōhoku Line (at Okachimachi)
 Tsukuba Express
9.5
 Shin-okachimachi
 Tsukuba Express
10.5
 Kuramae
 Toei Asakusa Line
11.7
 Ryogoku
 JR Chūō-Sōbu Line
12.7
 Morishita
 Toei Shinjuku Line
13.3
 Kiyosumi-shirakawa
 Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line
 Kiba depot
14.5
 Monzen-nakacho
 Tokyo Metro Tozai Line
15.9
 Tsukishima
 Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line
16.7
 Kachidoki
18.2
 Tsukijishijo
19.1
 Shiodome
 Yurikamome Line
 JR Yamanote Line (at Hamamatsuchō)
 JR Keihin-Tōhoku Line (at Hamamatsuchō)
 Tokyo Monorail (at Hamamatsuchō)
20.0
 Daimon
 Toei Asakusa Line
21.3
 Akabanebashi
22.1
 Azabu-juban
 Tokyo Metro Namboku Line
23.2
 Roppongi
 Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line
24.5
 Aoyama-itchome
 Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line
 Tokyo Metro Ginza Line
 JR Chūō-Sōbu Line (at Sendagaya)
25.7
 Kokuritsu-kyogijo
 JR Yamanote Line/JR Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
27.2
 Yoyogi
 JR Saikyō Line
27.8
 Shinjuku
 Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line
 Toei Shinjuku Line thoroughfare to Keio New Line
 Odakyu Odawara Line
 Seibu Shinjuku Line
 Keio Line
 JR Saikyo Line
 JR Yamanote Line
 JR Chūō-Sōbu Line
28.6
 Tochomae
29.4
 Nishi-shinjuku-gochome
30.6
 Nakano-sakaue
 Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line
 Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Branch Line
31.6
 Higashi-nakano
 JR Chūō-Sōbu Line
32.4
 Nakai
 Seibu Shinjuku Line
33.7
 Ochiai-minami-nagasaki
35.3
 Shin-egota
36.9
 Nerima
 Seibu Ikebukuro Line
37.8
 Toshimaen
39.3
 Nerima-kasugacho
40.7
 Hikarigaoka

On maps and signboards, the line is shown in magenta (O). Stations carry the letter "E" followed by a two-digit number inside a more pinkish ruby circle (E).

Overview

The Ōedo Line is the first Tokyo subway line to use linear motor propulsion (and the second in Japan after the Osaka Metro Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line), which allows it to use smaller cars and smaller tunnels (a benefit similarly achieved by the Advanced Rapid Transit system manufactured by Bombardier). This technology, though, is incompatible with other railway and subway lines, which can only operate with vehicles utilizing conventional rotary motors, thus preventing Ōedo Line trains from operating through services onto them. Although vehicles with rotary motor propulsion can technically operate on the Ōedo Line, its smaller tunnels and loading gauge prevents such occurrences, hence making the Ōedo Line the first self-enclosed subway line in Tokyo in over 40 years, and the first such line operated by Toei.

The line is deep (as low as 48 meters below ground at points) through central Tokyo, including three underground crossings of the Sumida River. Originally budgeted at ¥682.6 billion and 6 years, the construction ended up taking nearly 10 years and estimates of the final cost of construction range from the official ¥988.6 billion to over ¥1,400 billion yen, making it the most expensive subway line ever built.[2] (Yokohama's Minato Mirai Line, however, was even costlier if measured per kilometer.)

Ridership projections originally estimated 1 million users daily, a figure scaled down to 820,000 before opening. At the end of 2006, the line was averaging 720,000 passengers/day.[3] However, its ridership has increased by about five percent each year since its opening, following new commercial and residential development around major stations such as Roppongi and Shiodome. According to the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, as of June 2009 the Ōedo Line was the fourth most crowded subway line in Tokyo, at its peak running at 178%[a] capacity between Monzen-Nakachō and Tsukishima stations.[4]

There are plans to extend the Ōedo Line westward from its current western terminus at Hikarigaoka Station through to a new terminus in Ōizumigakuenchō, 1.5 km north of Ōizumi-gakuen Station (on the Seibu Ikebukuro Line) then later towards Higashi-Tokorozawa Station (on the Musashino Line). Construction of the first segment to Ōizumigakuenchō is tentatively scheduled for before 2015, and will include the construction of three new stations, temporarily named Doshida station, Ōizumichō station and Ōizumigakuenchō station.[5] Following the awarding of the 2020 Summer Olympics to Tokyo, there has been speculation regarding the addition of another 2.7 km to the proposed extension in order to extend the line to Niiza where the shooting range for the Olympics is to be located. A decision regarding this matter is expected in 2015.[6]

Services

The Ōedo Line runs in a loop around central Tokyo before branching out towards Nerima in the western suburbs, meaning the line is shaped like a figure 6 lying on its side. It is not a true loop line: trains from the western Hikarigaoka terminus run anticlockwise around the loop and terminate at the intermediate Tochōmae Station facing towards Hikarigaoka, and vice versa. The arrangement is very much like the London Underground Circle Line since 2009, but does not share any track segments with other lines.

The full 40.7 km trip from Tochōmae around the loop and onward to Hikarigaoka takes 81 minutes. Trains operate once every three to five minutes during rush hours, and once every six minutes during off-peak weekday hours, weekends and holidays.[7]

Station list

All stations are located in Tokyo.

No. Station Japanese Distance (km) Transfers Location
Between
stations		 From E-28
E28 Tochomae 都庁前 - 0.0 E Toei Oedo Line (for Hikarigaoka and Roppongi) Shinjuku
E01 Shinjuku-nishiguchi 新宿西口 0.8 0.8
E02 Higashi-shinjuku 東新宿 1.4 2.2 F Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line (F-12)
E03 Wakamatsu-kawada 若松河田 1.0 3.2  
E04 Ushigome-yanagicho 牛込柳町 0.6 3.8  
E05 Ushigome-kagurazaka 牛込神楽坂 1.0 4.8  
E06 Iidabashi 飯田橋 1.0 5.8
Bunkyō
E07 Kasuga 春日 1.0 6.8
E08 Hongo-sanchome 本郷三丁目 0.8 7.6 M Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (M-21)
E09 Ueno-okachimachi 上野御徒町 1.1 8.7
Taitō
E10 Shin-okachimachi 新御徒町 0.8 9.5 Tsukuba Express (02)
E11 Kuramae 蔵前 1.0 10.5 A Toei Asakusa Line (A-17)
E12 Ryogoku 両国 1.2 11.7 JB Chūō-Sōbu Line Sumida
E13 Morishita 森下 1.0 12.7 S Toei Shinjuku Line (S-11) Kōtō
E14 Kiyosumi-shirakawa 清澄白河 0.6 13.3 Z Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line (Z-11)
E15 Monzen-nakacho 門前仲町 1.2 14.5 T Tokyo Metro Tozai Line (T-12)
E16 Tsukishima 月島 1.4 15.9 Y Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line (Y-21) Chūō
E17 Kachidoki 勝どき 0.8 16.7  
E18 Tsukijishijo 築地市場 1.5 18.2  
E19 Shiodome 汐留 0.9 19.1 Yurikamome (U-02) Minato
E20 Daimon 大門 0.9 20.0
E21 Akabanebashi 赤羽橋 1.3 21.3  
E22 Azabu-juban 麻布十番 0.8 22.1 N Tokyo Metro Namboku Line (N-04)
E23 Roppongi 六本木 1.1 23.2 H Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line (H-04)
E24 Aoyama-itchome 青山一丁目 1.3 24.5
E25 Kokuritsu-kyogijo 国立競技場 1.2 25.7 JB Chūō-Sōbu Line (Sendagaya) Shinjuku
E26 Yoyogi 代々木 1.5 27.2
Shibuya
E27 Shinjuku 新宿 0.6 27.8
E28 Tochomae 都庁前 0.8 28.6 E Toei Oedo Line (for Iidabashi) Shinjuku
E29 Nishi-shinjuku-gochome 西新宿五丁目 0.8 29.4  
E30 Nakano-sakaue 中野坂上 1.2 30.6 MMb Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (M-06) Nakano
E31 Higashi-nakano 東中野 1.0 31.6 JB Chūō-Sōbu Line
E32 Nakai 中井 0.8 32.4 Seibu Shinjuku Line Shinjuku
E33 Ochiai-minami-nagasaki 落合南長崎 1.3 33.7  
E34 Shin-egota 新江古田 1.6 35.3   Nakano
E35 Nerima 練馬 1.6 36.9
Nerima
E36 Toshimaen 豊島園 0.9 37.8 Seibu Toshima Line
E37 Nerima-kasugacho 練馬春日町 1.5 39.3  
E38 Hikarigaoka 光が丘 1.4 40.7  

    Rolling stock
    An Oedo Line 12-000 series trainset

    Oedo Line trains are housed and maintained at the Kiba depot, located underneath Kiba Park to the southeast of Kiyosumi-Shirakawa Station. Prior to the completion of the Oedo Line loop in 2000, servicing was performed at a depot near Hikarigaoka Station.

    Major overhaul work for Oedo Line trains is performed at the Magome depot, located south of Nishi-Magome Station on the Toei Asakusa Line. Oedo Line trains access this facility using a connecting tunnel to the Asakusa Line near Shiodome Station. Because of differences in infrastructure and technology used preventing trains on either line from accessing the other, a special Toei Class E5000 locomotive powers these ferry runs during overnight hours when the subway is closed.

    History

    The Ōedo Line was first proposed in 1968 as an incomplete loop line from Shinjuku around northern and eastern Tokyo to Azabu. This plan was amended in 1972 to complete the loop back to Shinjuku, extend it to Hikarigaoka and add a spur line to Mejiro from the northern side. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government undertook construction of the line, which was initially called Toei Line 12 (都営地下鉄12号線, Toei Chikatetsu Jūnigō-sen).

    The first segment from Hikarigaoka to Nerima began operations on December 10, 1991. The line was extended from Nerima to Shinjuku on December 19, 1997, and later from Shinjuku to Kokuritsu-Kyōgijō on April 20, 2000.

    With this extension, Shintaro Ishihara, the governor of Tokyo, named the line "Toei Oedo Line", where Oedo literally means "Great Edo", a reference to Tokyo's former name. As was the case with earlier lines, the public was initially polled to select a name; however, Ishihara rejected the chosen name, Tokyo Loop Line (東京環状線, Tōkyō Kanjō-sen), on the grounds that it would not initially form a complete loop, and that calling it such would cause confusion with the Yamanote Line and the Osaka Loop Line.

    The full line began operation on December 12, 2000. An additional station (Shiodome Station) was opened on November 2, 2002 to connect to the Yurikamome guideway transit line. Following the addition of Shiodome, the automated announcements in the trains were changed to advertise businesses and facilities near each station, a first in Tokyo (although this was already the practice on the municipal subways of Osaka and Nagoya).

    Notes

    a. ^ Crowding levels defined by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism:[8][9]

    100% — Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails.
    150% — Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper.
    180% — Commuters must fold newspapers to read.
    200% — Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines.
    250% — Commuters are pressed against each other, unable to move.
    gollark: Unless #14 was, I forgot.
    gollark: No, that was me.
    gollark: Did you know? LyricLy is reflexive, irreflexive, symmetric, antisymmetric, asymmetric, transitive, total, trichotomous, and a partial order, total order, well-order, strict weak order and total preorder.
    gollark: #15, which was mine also.
    gollark: I'm sure you'd like to think so.

    See also

    References
    1. 東京都交通局ホーム - 経営情報 - 交通局の概要 - 都営地下鉄 [Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation Home - Management Information - Overview of the Department of Transportation - Toei Subway] (in Japanese). 東京都交通局 [Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]. April 1, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-17.
    2. 都営12号線（大江戸線）環状部事業の評価（総括表） Archived 2006-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, Toei
    3. 各駅乗降人員一覧 ｜ 東京都交通局
    4. Metropolis, "Commute", June 12, 2009, p. 07. Capacity is defined as all passengers having a seat or a strap or door railing to hold on to.
    5. "Moving Towards the Early Stages of Ōedo line extension" (PDF). www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp. March 2012. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
    6. 地下鉄１２号・都営大江戸線:延伸、五輪特需に期待　射撃会場予定地、スムーズに移動　／埼玉 [Subway line 12 extension, to serve the expected exceptional demands for the Olympics. To assist the movement of people to the proposed shooting range/Saitama] (in Japanese). Mainichi Shimbun. September 11, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
    7. 平成２１年度東京都高速電車事業会計決算審査意見書
    8. https://www.mlit.go.jp/tetudo/toshitetu/03_04.html
    9. Kikuchi, Daisuke (6 July 2017). "Tokyo plans new effort to ease commuter hell on rush-hour trains". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017.
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