Singapore Changi Airport

Singapore Changi Airport, commonly known as Changi Airport (IATA: SIN, ICAO: WSSS, FAA LID: SIN), is a major civilian airport that serves Singapore, and is one of the largest transportation hubs in Asia. It is currently rated the World's Best Airport by Skytrax for the eighth consecutive year since 2013.[10] It is the first Airport in the world to do so for eight consecutive years, and is one of the world's busiest airports by international passenger and cargo traffic.

"Changi Airport" and "Singapore Airport" redirect here. For the formerly used commercial airport in Singapore, see Paya Lebar Air Base. For another operational commercial airport in Singapore, see Seletar Airport. For the mixed-use development that includes the world's tallest indoor waterfall, see Jewel Changi Airport.

Singapore Changi Airport Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura 新加坡樟宜机场 சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி விமான நிலையம்
IATA: SIN ICAO: WSSS WMO: 48698
Summary
Airport type	Public / Military
Owner	Government of Singapore[1]
Operator	Changi Airport Group (Singapore) Pte Ltd (CAG) Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF)
Serves	Singapore
Location	Changi, East Region, Singapore
Opened	1 July 1981 (operational) 29 December 1981 (official)
Hub for	Jetstar Asia Airways Scoot SilkAir Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines Cargo FedEx Express[2]
Focus city for	All Nippon Airways[3] AirAsia Qantas
Time zone	SST (UTC+08:00)
Elevation AMSL	6.66 m / 22 ft
Coordinates	01°21′33″N 103°59′22″E
Website	changiairport.com
Map
SIN /WSSS Location in Singapore Show map of Singapore SIN /WSSS SIN /WSSS (Southeast Asia) Show map of Southeast Asia SIN /WSSS SIN /WSSS (Asia) Show map of Asia
Runways
Direction Length Surface m ft 02L/20R[N 1] 4,000 13,123 Grooved Asphalt concrete 02C/20C[N 2] 4,000 13,123 Asphalt concrete 02R/20L[N 3] 4,000 13,123 Grooved Asphalt concrete
Statistics (2019)
Passenger movements 68,300,000 Air freight movements (tons) 2,010,000 Aircraft movements 382,000 Economic impact (2017) US$36.6 billion[7] Social impact (2017) 375,000[7]
Source: Changi Airport Group[8] WAD[9]

The airport is located in Changi, at the eastern end of Singapore, approximately 20 km (12 mi)[11] from Marina Bay (Singapore's Downtown Core), on a 13-square-kilometre (5.0 sq mi) site. The airport is operated by Changi Airport Group and it is the home base of Singapore Airlines,[12] Singapore Airlines Cargo,[12] SilkAir,[12] Scoot, Jetstar Asia Airways and BOC Aviation.[12]

In 2019, Changi served 68.3 million passengers, making it the 18th busiest airport in the world.[13]

Overview

See also: History of Singapore Changi Airport and Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport

Map of Changi Airport

Changi Airport serves more than 100 airlines flying to 380 cities in around 100 countries and territories worldwide, as of 31 December 2019. About 7,400 flights arrive or depart at Changi each week – about one every 80 seconds.

For the 2019 full-year figures published by the airport, the airport handled 68,300,000 passengers (a 4.0% increase over the previous year), the most in its 38-year history.[8] This made it the seventh busiest airport by international passenger traffic in the world and the third busiest in Asia. In December 2019, Changi Airport registered a total of 6.41 million passenger movements, the highest the airport has ever achieved in a month since it opened in 1981. Its daily traffic movement record was also broken on 20 December 2019, with 226,692 passengers passing through during that day. In addition to being an important passenger hub, the airport is also one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 2.01 million tonnes of cargo in 2019. The total number of commercial aircraft movements decreased by 1.0% from the previous year to 382,000 in 2019.[8]

The airport has won over 620 awards since its opening, including 28 "Best Airport" awards in 2019 alone.[14] Changi Airport's efforts to mitigate the effects of ageing infrastructure include continual physical upgrades to its existing terminals and building new facilities to maintain its high standards in airport service quality.[15]

Passenger terminals

Changi Airport has five main passenger terminals arranged in an elongated inverted 'U' shape with Jewel in the centre of the ‘U’ shape. Currently, the airport has a designed total annual handling capacity of 85 million passengers.[16]

• Terminal 1 began operations on 1 July 1981,[17] is located at the northern end, and was renovated in 2019.[18]
• Terminal 2 began operations on 22 November 1990,[19] and is located at the eastern end. (Operations have been suspended from 1 May 2020 for 18 months.)[20]
• Terminal 3 began operations on 9 January 2008,[21] officially opened on 25 July 2008,[22] and is located at the western end.
• Terminal 4 began operations on 31 October 2017[23] and is located on the southern side, at the site of the former budget terminal. (Operations have been suspended indefinitely from 16 May 2020 due to weak demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.)[24]

There is also a privately run luxury terminal called the JetQuay CIP Terminal. It is similar to the Lufthansa First Class Terminal at Frankfurt Airport, but is open to all passengers travelling in all classes on all airlines with an access fee.[25]

The short-lived Budget Terminal was opened on 26 March 2006 and closed on 25 September 2012 to make way for Terminal 4.[26]

Mixed-use development

Further information: Jewel Changi Airport

The Rain Vortex at Jewel Changi Airport

Jewel Changi Airport, which opened on 17 April 2019, is a multi-use structure, mainly a shopping mall, interconnecting Terminals 1, 2 and 3.[27] Announced in 2013, it was a new terminal structure that is intended to be a mixed-use complex.[28] It is situated on a 3.5-hectare site where the Terminal 1 car park used to reside. Jewel was developed by Jewel Changi Airport Trustee Pte Ltd, a joint venture between Changi Airport Group and CapitaLand, through its wholly owned shopping mall business, CapitaLand Mall Asia.[29] The project cost S$1.7 billion.[30] Part of this project was planned to help expand Terminal 1 to handle 24 million passengers per year by 2018.[31]

Future terminals and projects

Terminal 5 is set to be ready in the mid 2030s. It is expected to handle 50 million passenger movements per annum.[32] The airport terminal structure is projected to be larger than terminals 1, 2 and 3 combined. It will be built on reclaimed land to the east of the present terminals. It will be funded through the newly increased levy.[33] KPF Singapore with Heatherwick Studio, Architects 61, and DP Architects will provide architectural services. Arup Singapore, Mott MacDonald Singapore and Surbana Jurong Consultants will provide engineering services. Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan said on 16 June 2020 that the Changi Terminal 5 project could be delayed by at least 2 years as a result of the Coronavirus pandemic.[34]

Operations

Terminal 2 check-in area

Terminal 3 airside area

Aerial view of Singapore Changi Airport. The forested area to the right of the airfield has since been cleared for Terminal 5.

Passenger operations

As the airport only handles international passenger traffic, all terminals in operation are equipped with immigration-processing facilities for international travel.

After recovering from a drop in passenger traffic as a result of the September 11 attacks in 2001 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, the airport saw rapid growth in traffic, which hit the 30-million mark for the first time in 2004. In March 2008, prior to the full effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2010 on the global economy, the airport was predicted to handle 50 million passengers by 2012[35] due to the opening of casinos in Singapore and the phased liberalisation of the Asean aviation sector. As predicted, the airport surpassed the 50-million mark in 2012.[15]

On 18 December 2017, the airport surpassed the 60-million mark for the first time.[36][37]

The airport saw a record 65.6 million passenger movements in 2018 - beating 2017's record of 60 million passengers with a 5.5 per cent increase.[38]

In 2019, Firefly, the sole turboprop operator in Changi Airport, moved to Seletar Airport to make way for their jet operations.[39][40][41]

In 2020, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, passenger traffic fell 32.8% due to the weakened demand for February. For the next few months, it is estimated that the numbers would drop further.[42] The pandemic also resulted in a 18-month closure of Terminal 2, starting from 1 May 2020, as the reduced passenger traffic deemed the terminal unnecessary. The previously planned expansion of Terminal 2 would therefore benefit from the closure, as a side effect, where it is believed that the 18-month closure would accelerate the expansion works by a year.[20] Airlines previously utilising Terminal 2 would be reallocated to the remaining terminals.

Cargo

The Air Cargo Division of the Changi Airport Group (CAG) manages the Changi Airfreight Centre[43] located in the north of the airport premises.[44] The airport handled 1.81 million tonnes of air cargo in 2012, making it the 7th busiest airfreight hub in the world and the fifth busiest in Asia.[45] Due to Singapore's large electronics sector, electrical components constitute a significant part of the total cargo traffic handled at the airport. Changi airport has initiated attempts to expand into the perishable air cargo market. In 2015, Changi Airport handled 1,853,087 tonnes of air freight. Air Cargo World awarded the 2013 Air Cargo Excellence Award to Changi Airport for handling more than 1,000,000 tonnes of cargo in Asia.[46]

The airport handled 2,006,300 tonnes of cargo in 2016, making it the 13th top cargo airport in the world and the sixth in the Asia Pacific region.[47]

In 2017, the airport handled 2,125,226 tonnes of cargo. The top five cargo markets for the airport were China, Australia, Hong Kong, United States and India.[48]

Key markets and destinations

In 2018, Indonesia was the largest market for the airport, followed by Malaysia, China, Thailand, Australia, India, Hong Kong, Japan, Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur was the top destination for travellers in the airport, followed by Bangkok, Jakarta, Hong Kong, Manila, Denpasar/Bali, Tokyo, Ho Chi Minh City, Taipei and Sydney.[49]

Safety and security

Singapore Airport Emergency Services Griffon 8000TD

The Changi Airport Group (CAG) manages the overall safety and security of the airport. The Airport Management Division of the CAG manages the customer aspects of the airport's security, while the Aviation Security Unit oversees the airport's compliance with aviation security (AVSEC) policies, and manages AVSEC-related projects.[44] The airport's emergency and fire-fighting services are handled by the Airport Emergency Service Division.[50] The Airport Emergency Services handles all instances of rescue and fire-fighting within the airport premises as well as in surrounding waters. It operates from two main fire stations (Station 1 by Runway 1 along West Perimeter Road and Station 2 by Runway 2), one sub-station (Domestic Fire Station), and one sea rescue base near the airport.[51]

The airport's security comes under the regulatory purview of the Airport Police Division of the Singapore Police Force (SPF). The day to day discharge of security functions at the airport is performed by auxiliary police forces including Aetos Security Management, Certis CISCO and SATS Security Services. Aetos and SATS Security Services are affiliated to the ground handling companies of Dnata and Singapore Changi Airport Terminal Services respectively.[52] On 29 April 2008, CAAS signed its then-biggest single security contract for all airport-related security services by engaging Certis CISCO to provide security services at Singapore Changi Airport, as well as Seletar Airport, Changi Airfreight Centre, and the Singapore Air Traffic Control Centre.[53] It involves the deployment of about 2,600 Certis Cisco personnel, including armed Auxiliary Police Officers and unarmed aviation security officers to perform tasks such as screening checked baggage, controlling access to restricted areas, and screening passengers before they board their aircraft.[54]

Since the 11 September 2001 attacks and the naming of the airport as a terrorist target by the Jemaah Islamiyah, the airport's security has been tightened. Singapore Armed Force and Singapore Police Force officers, armed with assault rifles or sub-machine guns, has been deployed to patrol the terminals at random intervals.[55] Officers from the Gurkha Contingent are also dispatched to patrol the transit areas of the terminal buildings. These measures come at a cost partly borne by travellers in the form of a "passenger security service charge", imposed since 2002.[56]

In 2005, an upgrade in screening technology and rising security concerns led to luggage-screening processes being conducted behind closed doors, as opposed to them being done before check-in within public view. The screening of carry-on luggage and travellers are mostly conducted at individual departure gates, while check-in luggage is screened in the backrooms and secured before loading. A perimeter intrusion detection system for Changi Airport's perimeter fence has also been put in place to further strengthen the security of the airfield, while a biometric access control system for staff movement has been put in place since 2006.[56]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Airlines	Destinations
Aeroflot	Moscow–Sheremetyevo (resumes 25 December 2020)[57]
Air China	Beijing–Capital, Chengdu, Hangzhou[58]
Air France	Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air India	Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai
Air India Express	Bangalore,[59] Chennai, Coimbatore, Kochi, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli
Air Mauritius	Kuala Lumpur–International, Mauritius
Air New Zealand	Auckland Seasonal: Christchurch[60]
Air Niugini	Port Moresby
Air Timor operated by Druk Air	Dili[61]
AirAsia	Ipoh,[62] Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Langkawi, Miri, Penang
AirAsia X	Kuala Lumpur–International[63][64]
All Nippon Airways	Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Asiana Airlines	Seoul–Incheon
Bangkok Airways	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Koh Samui
Batik Air	Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Biman Bangladesh Airlines	Dhaka
British Airways	London–Heathrow, Sydney
Cathay Pacific	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong
Cebu Pacific	Cebu, Clark, Davao, Iloilo, Manila
Citilink	Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
China Airlines	Kaohsiung, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines	Changsha,[65] Kunming, Quanzhou, Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Airlines	Guangzhou
Chongqing Airlines	Chongqing[66]
Druk Air	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[67] Guwahati, Paro
Emirates	Dubai–International, Melbourne, Penang
Ethiopian Airlines	Addis Ababa, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta,[68] Kuala Lumpur–International
Etihad Airways	Abu Dhabi
EVA Air	Taipei–Taoyuan
Fiji Airways	Nadi
Finnair	Helsinki
Garuda Indonesia	Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Surabaya
GoAir	Bangalore, Kolkata[69]
GX Airlines	Nanning
Hainan Airlines	Haikou[70]
Hebei Airlines	Hangzhou[71]
IndiGo	Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad,[72] Kolkata, Mumbai, Tiruchirappalli
Indonesia AirAsia	Bandung, Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Semarang, Yogyakarta–International[73]
Japan Airlines	Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Jetstar Airways	Denpasar/Bali, Perth
Jetstar Asia Airways	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[74] Clark,[75] Colombo–Bandaranaike (begins 26 October 2020),[76] Da Nang, Darwin, Denpasar/Bali, Haikou, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jieyang, Kuala Lumpur–International,[74] Manila,[74] Medan, Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Sanya, Siem Reap, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan, Yangon
Jeju Air	Busan[77]
Juneyao Airlines	Shanghai–Pudong[78]
KLM	Amsterdam, Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta[79]
Korean Air	Seoul–Incheon
Lion Air	Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
LOT Polish Airlines	Warsaw–Chopin[80][81]
Lufthansa	Frankfurt, Munich
Malaysia Airlines	Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching
Malindo Air	Kuala Lumpur–International
Myanmar Airways International	Yangon
Myanmar National Airlines	Yangon
Pacific Airlines	Ho Chi Minh City
Philippine Airlines	Manila
Philippines AirAsia	Cebu
Qantas[82]	Brisbane, London–Heathrow, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney
Qatar Airways	Doha
Regent Airways	Dhaka
Royal Brunei Airlines	Bandar Seri Begawan
Saudia	Jeddah
Scoot[83][84]	Amritsar, Balikpapan (begins 11 September 2020),[85] Bangkok–Don Mueang, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Cebu, Changsha,[85][86] Chiang Mai,[85] Clark, Coimbatore,[85] Denpasar/Bali, Fuzhou,[85][87] Gold Coast, Guangzhou, Haikou, Hangzhou, Hanoi, Harbin, Hat Yai, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Ipoh, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah, Jinan, Kaohsiung, Kota Bharu,[88] Kota Kinabalu,[85] Krabi, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuantan, Kuching, Kunming,[85][89] Langkawi, Luang Prabang,[85] Macau, Makassar (begins 1 October 2020),[85] Manado,[90] Manila, Mataram–Lombok (begins 23 October 2020),[85] Melbourne, Nanchang, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Osaka–Kansai, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Penang, Perth, Phuket, Qingdao, Sapporo–Chitose, Semarang (begins 23 September 2020),[85] Seoul–Incheon, Shenyang, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Thiruvananthapuram,[85] Tianjin, Tiruchirappalli, Tokyo–Narita, Vientiane,[85] Visakhapatnam,[91][85] Wuhan,[92][85] Wuxi, Xi'an, Yogyakarta–International (begins 1 September 2020),[93] Zhengzhou
Shandong Airlines	Jinan
Shenzhen Airlines	Shenzhen
Sichuan Airlines	Chengdu
SilkAir	Bandung, Bangalore,[94] Cairns, Cebu, Chengdu, Chennai,[85] Chongqing, Colombo–Bandaranaike, Da Nang, Darwin, Davao, Denpasar/Bali, Hanoi, Hyderabad, Kathmandu, Kochi,[85] Kuala Lumpur–International, Malé, Medan, Penang, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Shenzhen,[85] Siem Reap, Surabaya, Xiamen, Yangon Seasonal: Mandalay
Singapore Airlines	Adelaide, Ahmedabad, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bandar Seri Begawan, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Busan,[94] Canberra, Cape Town, Chennai, Christchurch, Colombo–Bandaranaike, Copenhagen, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali, Dhaka, Dubai–International, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Istanbul, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Kolkata,[95] Kuala Lumpur–International, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Malé, Manchester, Manila, Melbourne, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Mumbai, Munich, Nagoya–Centrair, Newark, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Perth, Phuket, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Stockholm–Arlanda, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Wellington, Yangon, Zürich Seasonal: Sapporo–Chitose
Spring Airlines	Shanghai–Pudong
SriLankan Airlines	Colombo–Bandaranaike
Swiss International Air Lines	Zürich
Thai AirAsia	Bangkok–Don Mueang, Krabi, Phuket
Thai Airways	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Thai Lion Air	Bangkok–Don Mueang
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul
United Airlines	Hong Kong,[96] San Francisco[96]
Urumqi Air	Wuhan[97]
US-Bangla Airlines	Dhaka
VietJet Air	Da Nang,[98] Hanoi,[99] Ho Chi Minh City[100]
Vietnam Airlines	Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
Vistara	Delhi,[101] Mumbai[101]
XiamenAir	Fuzhou, Xiamen

Cargo

Airlines	Destinations
AirBridgeCargo	Hong Kong, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Phnom Penh[102][103]
Air Hong Kong	Hong Kong[104]
ANA Cargo	Hong Kong, Naha[105]
Asiana Cargo	Seoul–Incheon[106]
Asialink Cargo Express	Batam
ASL Airlines Belgium	Liège, Shanghai–Pudong
Cardig Air	Balikpapan, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta[107]
Cargolux	Anchorage, Baku, Chicago–O'Hare, Doha, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur–International, Luxembourg
Cathay Pacific Cargo	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Penang
China Airlines Cargo	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Manila, Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chengdu, Shanghai–Pudong
DHL Aviation	Anchorage, Bangalore,[108] Cincinnati, Hong Kong, Leipzig/Halle,[109] Seoul–Incheon[110]
Emirates SkyCargo	Dubai–Al Maktoum,[111] Melbourne, Sydney
Etihad Cargo[112][113]	Abu Dhabi, Brisbane, Sydney
EVA Air Cargo	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Hong Kong,[114] Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan[115]
FedEx Express	Anchorage, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Memphis, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney,[116] Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita
Hong Kong Airlines	Hong Kong[117]
K-Mile Air	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
Korean Air Cargo	Hanoi, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
LOT Polish Airlines	Warsaw-Chopin (begins 27 June 2020)[118]
My Indo Airlines	Balikpapan, Jakarta–Halim Perdanakusuma, Surabaya[119]
Neptune Air	Kuala Lumpur–International[120]
Nippon Cargo Airlines	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Raya Airways	Kuala Lumpur–Subang
SF Airlines	Shenzhen
Silk Way West Airlines	Baku,[121] Dubai–Al Maktoum,[122] Kuala Lumpur–International[123]
Singapore Airlines Cargo	Adelaide, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bengaluru, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Brussels, Chennai, Coimbatore, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hanoi,[124] Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Johannesburg–OR Tambo, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Medan, Melbourne, Mumbai, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Nanjing, Sharjah, Sydney
Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines	Balikpapan, Batam, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
Turkish Airlines Cargo	Hyderabad, Istanbul–Atatürk, Karachi
UPS Airlines	Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan

Operational statistics

Operational statistics (1980-1989)
Year	Passenger movements	Passenger % change over previous year	Airfreight movements (tonnes)	Airfreight % change over previous year	Aircraft movements	Aircraft % change over previous year	Notes
1980	7,294,549	0.0	N/A	N/A	75,971	0.0
1981	8,152,158	11.7%	N/A	N/A	71,365	6.1%
1982	8,611,812	5.6%	N/A	N/A	68,159	4.5%
1983	8,679,152	0.8%	N/A	N/A	67,594	0.8%
1984	9,465,651	9.1%	N/A	N/A	70,674	4.5%
1985	9,856,830	4.1%	N/A	N/A	73,223	3.6%
1986	10,067,719	2.1%	352,806	0.0	73,022	0.3%
1987	11,203,793	11.3%	419,099	18.8%	76,276	4.5%
1988	12,595,286	12.4%	512,509	22.3%	82,930	8.7%
1989	14,136,367	12.3%	577,610	12.7%	87,421	5.4%
Sources:[125][126][127]

Operational statistics (1990-1999)
Year	Passenger movements	Passenger % change over previous year	Airfreight movements (tonnes)	Airfreight % change over previous year	Aircraft movements	Aircraft % change over previous year	Notes
1990	15,620,758	10.5%	623,841	8.0%	97,675	11.7%
1991	16,285,039	4.3%	643,209	3.1%	108,728	11.3%
1992	18,100,155	11.1%	719,004	11.7%	125,526	15.4%
1993	19,987,214	10.4%	838,416	16.6%	136,762	8.9%
1994	21,644,677	8.3%	1,009,764	20.4%	145,334	6.3%
1995	23,196,240	7.2%	1,105,773	9.5%	156,334	7.6%
1996	24,514,248	5.7%	1,190,457	7.6%	166,749	6.7%
1997	25,174,344	2.7%	1,336,254	12.2%	172,672	3.5%
1998	23,803,180	5.4%	1,283,660	4.0%	165,242	4.3%	1997 Asian financial crisis
1999	26,064,645	9.5	1,500,393	16.8	165,961	0.4
Sources:[128][129][130]

Operational statistics (2000-2009)
Year	Passenger movements	Passenger % change over previous year	Airfreight movements (tonnes)	Airfreight % change over previous year	Aircraft movements	Aircraft % change over previous year	Notes
2000	28,618,200	9.8	1,682,489	12.1	173,947	4.8
2001	28,093,759	1.83	1,507,062	11.6	179,359	3.1	September 11 attacks
2002	28,979,344	3.2	1,637,797	8.7	174,820	2.5
2003	24,664,137	14.9	1,611,407	1.6	154,346	11.7	2002–2004 SARS outbreak
2004	30,353,565	23.0	1,775,092	10.1	184,932	19.8
2005	32,430,856	6.8	1,833,721	3.3	204,138	10.3
2006	35,033,083	8.0	1,931,881	5.4	214,000	4.8
2007	36,701,556	4.8	1,918,159	0.7	221,000	3.3
2008	37,694,824	2.7	1,883,894	1.8	232,000	5.0
2009	37,203,978	1.3	1,633,791	15.3	240,360	3.6	Financial crisis of 2007–2008
Sources:[131][132][133]

Operational statistics (2010-2019)
Year	Passenger movements	Passenger % change over previous year	Airfreight movements (tonnes)	Airfreight % change over previous year	Aircraft movements	Aircraft % change over previous year	Notes
2010	42,038,777	13.0	1,813,809	11.0	263,593	9.7
2011	46,543,845	10.7	1,865,252	2.8	301,711	14.5
2012	51,181,804	10.0	1,806,225	3.2	324,722	7.6
2013	53,726,087	5.0	1,850,233	2.4	343,800	5.9
2014	54,093,070	0.8	1,843,799	0.3	341,386	0.7
2015	55,448,964	2.5	1,853,087	0.5	346,334	1.5
2016	58,698,039	5.9	1,969,434	6.3	360,490	4.1
2017	62,219,573	6.0	2,125,226	7.9	373,201	3.5
2018	65,600,000	5.5	2,150,000	1.4	386,000	3.4
2019	68,300,000	4.0	2,010,000	6.5	382,000	1.0
Sources:[134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143]

Singapore Changi Airport passenger movements from 1980 to 2019

Singapore Changi Airport aircraft movements from 1980 to 2019

Accidents and incidents

• On 26 March 1991, Singapore Airlines Flight 117, operated by an Airbus A310, was hijacked by four Pakistani terrorists. The flight landed in Changi Airport at 22:15. The Singapore Special Operations Force stormed the plane, on the morning of 27 March. All four hijackers were killed, with no fatalities among the 123 passengers and crew that were held hostage for more than eight hours.
• On 4 November 2010, Qantas Flight 32, operated by an Airbus A380-800, suffered an uncontained engine failure and made an emergency landing in Changi Airport. Upon landing, one of the engines could not be shut down due to ruptured control cables and had to be doused for three hours by airport firefighters to forcefully shut it down. There were no crew or passenger injuries, and all 469 people on board survived this incident.
• On 27 June 2016, Singapore Airlines Flight 368, operated by a Boeing 777-300ER, suffered an engine problem while flying from Singapore to Milan. During the diversionary landing in Singapore, the right engine and wing caught fire. The fire was quickly extinguished by airport fire services. There were no injuries among the 241 people on board.
• On 16 May 2017, a fire broke out at the departure hall in Terminal 2.[144] The fire caused 40 flights at Terminal 2 to be delayed and diverted to Terminal 3.[145] Terminal 2 was closed from 17:30 to 22:45.
• On 6 February 2018, a KAI T-50 Golden Eagle, part of the Black Eagles aerobatic team taking part in Singapore Airshow 2018, veered off the runway during takeoff and crashed. The resulting fire was put out by emergency services and the pilot was treated for minor injuries. Runway 1 was closed as a result and caused delays at the airport.[146]
• On 19 June 2019, unauthorised drones were spotted around Changi Airport, causing 37 flights to be delayed and a runway to be shut intermittently.[147] Another such incident took place on 24 June 2019, causing 18 flights to be delayed and 7 more diverted. The disruption was made worse by bad weather.[148]

Ground transportation

Changi Airport was built with ground-transportation considerations in mind from the onset, with the East Coast Parkway built and opened in tandem with the airport, providing a direct link to the city centre. At a distance of about 20 km (12 mi), the expressway was built almost entirely on reclaimed land, thus minimising disruptions to the existing road network in Singapore's East Coast.

Despite the four main passenger terminal buildings being relatively close to each other, the CAAS (Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore) decided to build the Changi Airport Skytrain people-mover system to facilitate quicker and more convenient transfers between the terminals for travellers. The system was upgraded in 2007 with new technologies supplied by Mitsubishi, connecting to Terminal 3 and separating checked-in passengers from the general public on distinct tracks.

Inter-terminal transportation

Changi Airport Skytrain

Changi Airport MRT station platforms

Main article: Changi Airport Skytrain

Terminals 1, 2 and 3 are connected by the free Skytrain service, which operates from 05:00 to 02:30. During non-operational hours, travellers in the transit areas may transfer within the terminals by foot via the inter-terminal travellators. For travellers in the public areas, a free shuttle bus service will connect the three terminals.[149]

All Skytrain services have been suspended from 1 May 2020 until further notice.

A complimentary 24-hour Airport Shuttle Bus service plies between Terminal 3 and Terminal 4 in both the public and transit areas. The journey takes approximately eight to 10 minutes.[150]

External connections

Mass Rapid Transit

The airport is connected to the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network via a two-stop branch of the East West line from Tanah Merah MRT station, consisting of two stations: Expo, serving the nearby Singapore Expo site; and Changi Airport. Changi Airport MRT station is located underground between Terminal 2 and Terminal 3. Direct, one-train service to the downtown and western parts of Singapore was initially in operation when the station opened on 8 February 2002. This was replaced by the current shuttle service between Tanah Merah and Changi Airport via Expo on 22 July 2003,[151] when it was found that passenger demand for this route was low.

Until Stage 3 of the Downtown line opened on 21 October 2017, passengers needed to transfer at Tanah Merah station for train service towards the city, Pasir Ris and Tuas Link. However, as of this date, passengers can now transfer at Expo for direct service to Bukit Timah and Bukit Panjang using an alternate route via the city.

As announced in the LTA's Land Transport Masterplan 2040, the new Thomson–East Coast line will be extended to Changi Airport Terminal 5 and to the current Changi Airport station, with the current EWL Branch line being converted to be part of the TEL.[152]

Bus

There are seven bus services operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses and Go-Ahead Singapore, making a loop starting from Terminal 3 to Terminal 1, and Terminal 2. Only four bus services will continue to Terminal 4 – Services 24, 34, 36 and 110. Bus stops are located at the basement bus bays of Terminals 1, 2 and 3. For Terminal 4, the bus stop is located next to Car Park 4B.

Coaches to and from Johor Bahru are also available. Operated by Transtar Travel, the service will start at coach stands at Terminals 1, 2, and 3, and end at Larkin Terminal.

There is also a free shuttle bus service plying between Changi Airport (T3) and Changi Business Park. This service is a nine-stop route, running from Mondays to Fridays, except public holidays.[153]

Taxi

Taxis are available at taxi stands located in the arrival halls of each terminal. Limousine services are also available. There is an additional airport surcharge for all trips originating from the airport.[154]

Private transport

All pick-ups by private transportation occur at the arrival pick-up points of each terminal.[155][156][157][158]

See also

• Airport Logistics Park
• History of Singapore Changi Airport
• Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport
• Jewel Changi Airport
• Kinetic Rain

References

Notes

1. Runway 02L is 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and 20R is 3,260 m (10,700 ft) with a displaced threshold of 740 m (2,430 ft). Thus aircraft landing on 20R will have to avoid touching down on the displaced threshold but may use it for departures.
2. To facilitate works for Terminal 5, Runway 02C/20C will be closed temporarily starting from October 2020.[4]
3. Runway 02R/20L is solely for use by the Republic of Singapore Air Force (see Changi Air Base).[5] It will be available for commercial use on 25 October 2020.[6]

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Bibliography

• Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1938), "Singapore's great airport", Wonders of World Aviation, pp. 128–130, illustrated description of the newly opened Singapore Airport

External links

Media related to Singapore Changi Airport at Wikimedia Commons

• Singapore Changi Airport official site
• Singapore Changi Airport JetQuay CIP Terminal official website
• Virtual reality view of Changi Airport Terminal 3
• 360° image of Changi Airport Terminal 3
• Accident history for SIN at Aviation Safety Network
• Current weather for WSSS at NOAA/NWS