Kalinga (province)

Kalinga is a landlocked province in the Philippines situated within the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Tabuk and borders Mountain Province to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east, Cagayan to the northeast, and Apayao to the north. Kalinga and Apayao are the result of the 1995 partitioning of the former province of Kalinga-Apayao which was seen to better service the respective needs of the various indigenous peoples in the area.

Kalinga
Province
Province of Kalinga[1]
Flag Seal
Location in the Philippines
Coordinates: 17°45′N 121°15′E
Country	Philippines
Region	Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
Founded	May 8, 1995
Capital	Tabuk
Government
• Type	Sangguniang Panlalawigan
• Governor	Ferdinand B. Tubban
• Vice Governor	Dave Q. Odiem
• Congressman	Allen Jesse C. Mangaoang
Area [2]
• Total	3,231.25 km^2 (1,247.59 sq mi)
Area rank	41st out of 81
Highest elevation (Mount Binuluan)	2,329 m (7,641 ft)
Population  (2015 census)[3]
• Total	212,680
• Rank	71st out of 81
• Density	66/km^2 (170/sq mi)
• Density rank	78th out of 81
Divisions
• Independent cities	0
• Component cities	1 Tabuk
• Municipalities	7 Balbalan Lubuagan Pasil Pinukpuk Rizal Tanudan Tinglayan
• Barangays	152
• Districts	Lone district of Kalinga
Time zone	UTC+8 (PHT)
ZIP code	3800–3808
IDD : area code	+63 (0)74
ISO 3166 code	PH-KAL
Spoken languages	Kalinga Ilocano Gaddang Tagalog English
Website	www.kalinga.gov.ph

Unbeknownst to many, President Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Lubuagan town the seat of government for 73 days from 6 March 1900 to 18 May 1900 before finally fleeing to Palanan.[4][5]

Etymology

The province's name is derived from the Ibanag and Gaddang noun "kalinga", which means "enemy", "fighter", or "headtaker".[6]

Geography

The mountains of Kalinga in Lubuagan

Kalinga covers a total area of 3,231.25 square kilometres (1,247.59 sq mi)[7] occupying the central section of the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. The province is bordered by Mountain Province to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east, Cagayan to the northeast, and Apayao to the north..

The topography of Kalinga province is rugged and sloping, with mountain peaks ranging from 1,500 to 2,500 metres (4,900 to 8,200 ft) in elevation. The province's western side is characterised by sharp, crested, interlinking peaks of steep slopes, isolated flatlands, plateaus and valleys. The eastern lands are mainly of rolling and gradually sloping foothills.

Large swaths of the province's lowlands are open grassland suitable for pasture, while the highlands have extensive areas of tropical rainforest. In higher elevations to the west, particularly in the mountains of Balbalan, lie some of the most intact pine forests of Luzon island. Rizal and Tabuk with their flatlands are the biggest rice producers. Next in rice production are the mountainous area, and of note are the rice terraces of Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pasil, Pinukpuk, Tinglayan, and Tanudan.

Climate

The province experiences an average temperature ranging from 17 to 22 °C (63 to 72 °F) with Type 3 weather patterns. The dry season extends from November to April, while the rest of the year is considered the rainy season, the heaviest rains usually occurring from July to October.

Hydrology

The Chico River passing through Tinglayan

The province is drained mainly by the Chico River, with its headwaters in the Mountain Province and emptying into the Cagayan River. The Chico River has several tributaries: Bunog River in Tinglayan in the south; the Tanudan and Biga Rivers in the east; Pasil River in the central area; and Poswoy, Dao-angan, Mabaca and Saltan Rivers in the west.

Several small lakes can also be found in Kalinga.

Administrative divisions

Butchered remains of a Rhinoceros philippinensis found in Rizal, Kalinga. An evidence of early hominins in the Philippines about 709,000 years ago.

Kalinga comprises one component city and seven municipalities, all encompassed by a single legislative district.

Tabuk was proclaimed a component city in 2007, but in November 2008 the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that its cityhood was unconstitutional. However, Tabuk had its city status reinstated by the Supreme Court on December 22, 2009.[8]

Political divisions

City or municipality [lower-roman 1] Population ±% p.a. Area[7] Density Barangay (2015)[3] (2010)[9] km^2 sq mi /km^2 /sq mi Balbalan 5.7% 12,195 12,082 +0.18% 542.69 209.53 22 57 14 Lubuagan 4.1% 8,733 9,369 −1.33% 234.20 90.43 37 96 9 Pasil 4.5% 9,644 9,626 +0.04% 189.00 72.97 51 130 14 Pinukpuk 15.1% 32,026 29,596 +1.51% 743.56 287.09 43 110 23 Rizal 8.0% 17,038 15,942 +1.27% 231.00 89.19 74 190 14 Tabuk † 52.0% 110,642 103,912 +1.20% 700.25 270.37 160 410 42 Tanudan 4.5% 9,534 8,529 +2.14% 307.55 118.75 31 80 16 Tinglayan 6.1% 12,868 12,557 +0.47% 283.00 109.27 45 120 20 Total 212,680 201,613 +1.02% 3,231.25 1,247.59 66 170 152  †  Provincial capital and component city      Municipality The globe  icon marks the city/town center.

Barangays

The 7 municipalities and 1 city of the province comprise a total of 152 barangays, with Bulanao in Tabuk City as the most populous in 2010, and Anggacan Sur in Tanudan as the least. If cities are excluded, Pinukpuk Junction in Pinukpuk municipality has the highest population.[7]

Further information: List of barangays in Kalinga

Demographics

Population census of Kalinga

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1918 27,467 —     1939 31,320 +0.63% 1948 36,777 +1.80% 1960 59,927 +4.15% 1970 86,597 +3.75% 1975 102,110 +3.36% 1980 114,382 +2.29%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1990 137,055 +1.83% 1995 154,145 +2.23% 2000 174,023 +2.63% 2007 182,326 +0.64% 2010 201,613 +3.73% 2015 212,680 +1.02%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[3][9][10]

Population by ethnicity (2000)[11]
Ethnicity				Number
Kalinga			111,774 (64.37%)
Ilocano			41,633 (23.98%)
Kankanaey			4,421 (2.55%)
Ibontoc			2,804 (1.61%)
Tagalog			2,227 (1.28%)
Applai			1,730 (1.00%)
Others			8,115 (4.67%)
Not Reported			930 (0.54%)
Other foreign ethnicity			4 (0.002%)

The population of Kalinga in the 2015 census was 212,680 people,[3] with a density of 66 inhabitants per square kilometre or 170 inhabitants per square mile.

On the 2000 census survey, Kalinga people comprised 64.37% (111,774) of the total provincial population of 173,638. Ilocanos came in second at 23.98% (41,633), while other ethnic groups in the province were the Kankanaey at 2.55% (4,421), Bontoc at 1.61% (2,804), Tagalog at 1.28% (2,227) and Applai at 1% (1,730).[11]

The primary language spoken is Kalinga, including its dialects of Balangao, Butbut, Limos, Lower Tanudan, Lubuagan, Mabaka, Madukayang, Southern Kalingan, and Upper Tanudan. Gaddang, as well as Ilocano, Tagalog, and English are also spoken in as lingua francas with varying degrees of proficiency.

Culture

100-year old Apo Whang Od, the embodiment of Kalinga tattoo artistry.

A student from Tinglayan, vested in traditional garb and holding a handcrafted weapon.

There are many sub-tribes in the province. The strong sense of tribal membership and filial loyalty results in frequent tribal unrest and occasional outright war. Due to the mountainous terrain and warrior-culture of the people, the Kalinga were able to preserve their culture despite centuries of occupation in the lowlands by the Spaniards, Americans, and the Japanese.

The Kalinga people are highlanders and the most extensive rice farmers of the Cordillera peoples, having been blessed with some of the most suitable land for both wet and dry rice farming. Like the Ifugao, the Kalinga are prolific terrace builders. The Kalinga are also skilled craftsmen, well-versed in basketry, loom weaving, metalsmithing, and pottery, the last centred in the lower Chico River Valley.

On February 22, 2019, the Department of Tourism announced the bid of Digdiga Ni Tupayya, a Kalinga courtship dance, to be included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.[12][13]

Historic figures

• Macli-ing Dulag - a Kalinga warrior and leader (pangat) who opposed the Chico River Dam Project. Murdered by military personnel under the command of dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Dulag's death is remembered as one of the two occasions for the declaration of Cordillera Day in the entire Cordillera Administrative Region. His name has been inscribed in the heroes' marker in Quezon City.
• Whang-od - a Kalinga master tattooist (mambabatok) and recipient of the prestigious Dangal ng Haraya Award.
• Alonzo Saclag - Awarded as a National Living Treasure for his efforts to preserve the culture of Kalinga through performing arts.

References

1. (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Kalinga; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Kalinga)
2. "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
3. Census of Population (2015). Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
4. "History". Municipality of Lubuagan. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
5. "Municipality of Lubuagan". Department of Interior and Local Government-Cordillera Administrative Region. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
6. http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph:81/CC01/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v27.pdf
7. "Province: Kalinga (province)". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
8. Pulta, Benjamin B. (23 December 2009). "SC reverses self, upholds creation of 16 cities". The Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
9. Census of Population and Housing (2010). Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities (PDF). NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
10. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
11. "Females Better Educated in Kalinga; Table 5. Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: Kalinga, 2000". Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 May 2002. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
12. Geminiano, Pamela Mariz (22 February 2019). "DOT eyes Kalinga courtship dance in UNESCO heritage list". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on 14 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
13. http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062739

External links

• Media related to Kalinga (province) at Wikimedia Commons
• Geographic data related to Kalinga (province) at OpenStreetMap