Kabayan, Benguet

Kabayan, officially the Municipality of Kabayan (Ilocano: Ili ti Kabayan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Kabayan), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Benguet, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 15,260 people.[3]

Kabayan
Municipality
Municipality of Kabayan
Seal
Map of Benguet with Kabayan highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Kabayan Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 16°37′N 120°50′E
Country	Philippines
Region	Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
Province	Benguet
District	Lone District
Barangays	13 (see Barangays)
Government  [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
• Mayor	Faustino M. Aquisan
• Vice Mayor	Basilio Louie A. Daoal
• Congressman	Nestor B. Fongwan
• Electorate	9,285 voters (2019)
Area  [2]
• Total	242.69 km^2 (93.70 sq mi)
Population  (2015 census)[3]
• Total	15,260
• Density	63/km^2 (160/sq mi)
• Households	3,483
Economy
• Income class	4th municipal income class
• Poverty incidence	10.37% (2015)[4]
• Revenue (₱)	75,898,617.56 (2016)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	2606
PSGC	141107000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)74
Climate type	tropical rainforest climate
Native languages	Kankanaey language Ibaloi Ilocano Tagalog

Kabayan is the site of centuries-old Ibaloi mummies buried inside caves scattered around its villages.[5]

The third highest mountain in the Philippines, Mount Pulag, is located in the territorial boundary of the vegetable farming town.

Etymology

The name Kabayan was derived from the term Kaba-ayan, from the Ibaloi word ba-ay, a root crop vine thriving in the place. Most of the early Ibaloi settlements, in the area, which include Eddet and Duacan, were named after grasses in the heavily-forested area.[6]

History

Pre-colonial period

The first Ibaloi settlers in Benguet arrived at Imbose (or Embosi), located in present-day Kabayan.[6][7]

Mummification of the dead was practiced long before Spanish colonizers reached the place.[6][8]

Spanish period

In the late 1800s, Spanish colonizers reached Kabayan via trails constructed throughout the mountain region. Organized into three rancherias, namely Adaoay, Kabayan, and Lutab (or Dutab), Kabayan was registered under the comandancia politico-militar of Benguet in 1846.[6][7] Lutab (currently barangay Poblacion or Kabayan Central[9]) was later integrated into the Kabayan rancheria.[7]

The practice of mummification of the dead would be discouraged by the Spaniards, until it would die out.[8][10]

American period

During the American rule, Kabayan and Adaoay were established as two of the 19 townships of the province of Benguet, upon the issuance of Act No. 48 by the Philippine Commission on November 22, 1900.[7][11][12]

On August 13, 1908, Benguet would be established with the enactment of Act No. 1876 as a sub-province of the newly created Mountain Province. Six townships of Benguet were later abolished, including Adaoay, which was integrated into the township of Kabayan.[7][12]

Post-war Era

On June 25, 1963, then-President Diosdado Macapagal issued Executive Order No. 42 converting eight (8) of the thirteen (13) towns (designated as municipal districts) of Benguet sub-province into regular municipalities. Kabayan was among them.[13]

On June 18, 1966, the sub-province of Benguet was separated from the old Mountain Province and would be converted into a regular province. Kabayan remained to be a component municipality of the newly established province.[12][14]

Geography

Kabayan is located at 16°37′N 120°50′E, at the central-eastern section of Benguet. It is bounded by Buguias on the north, Kibungan on the north-west, Atok on the south-west, Bokod on the south, Kayapa on the southeast, and Tinoc on the north-east.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 242.69 square kilometres (93.70 sq mi) [2] constituting 8.76% of the 2,769.08-square-kilometre- (1,069.15 sq mi) total area of Benguet.

Barangays

Kabayan is politically subdivided into 13 barangays.[15]

PSGC	Barangay	Population			±% p.a.
		2015[3]		2010[16]
141107001	Adaoay	4.1%	621	670	▾	−1.44%
141107002	Anchukey	1.8%	270	296	▾	−1.74%
141107003	Ballay	19.0%	2,904	2,623	▴	1.96%
141107004	Bashoy	14.5%	2,207	1,597	▴	6.35%
141107005	Batan	7.3%	1,110	944	▴	3.13%
141107009	Duacan	4.5%	684	709	▾	−0.68%
141107010	Eddet	5.8%	883	740	▴	3.42%
141107012	Gusaran	9.4%	1,429	1,330	▴	1.38%
141107013	Kabayan Barrio	2.2%	343	337	▴	0.34%
141107014	Lusod	5.6%	861	794	▴	1.55%
141107016	Pacso	8.2%	1,254	1,247	▴	0.11%
141107017	Poblacion (Central)	11.9%	1,816	1,567	▴	2.85%
141107018	Tawangan	5.8%	878	734	▴	3.47%
	Total		15,260	13,588	▴	2.23%

In the 2010 Census of Population and Housing, Barangay Anchukey would be the least populated barangay in the province of Benguet.[16]

Climate

Climate data for Kabayan, Benguet
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	21 (70)	22 (72)	23 (73)	25 (77)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	22 (72)	21 (70)	23 (73)
Average low °C (°F)	13 (55)	14 (57)	15 (59)	17 (63)	18 (64)	18 (64)	18 (64)	18 (64)	18 (64)	17 (63)	15 (59)	14 (57)	16 (61)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	38 (1.5)	57 (2.2)	77 (3.0)	141 (5.6)	390 (15.4)	355 (14.0)	426 (16.8)	441 (17.4)	426 (16.8)	259 (10.2)	97 (3.8)	57 (2.2)	2,764 (108.9)
Average rainy days	10.4	12.1	15.4	20.4	26.7	27.1	28.7	28.0	26.4	19.9	14.1	12.3	241.5
Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)[17]

Demographics

Population census of Kabayan

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1903 22 —     1918 2,841 +38.27% 1939 4,190 +1.87% 1948 3,805 −1.07% 1960 5,869 +3.68% 1970 7,116 +1.94% 1975 8,363 +3.29%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1980 9,072 +1.64% 1990 10,306 +1.28% 1995 10,510 +0.37% 2000 12,344 +3.51% 2007 12,657 +0.35% 2010 13,588 +2.62% 2015 15,260 +2.23%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[3][16][18][19]

In the 2015 census, Kabayan had a population of 15,260.[3] The population density was 63 inhabitants per square kilometre (160/sq mi).

Tourism

Main article: Kabayan Mummies

Kabayan is best known for the antiquated centuries-old mummies and Mount Pulag, the third highest mountain in the Philippines. The Kabayan mummy burial caves are officially proclaimed Philippine National Cultural Treasures pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 374, and is under consideration as a World Heritage Site.[20] The mummified body of Apo Annu, a tribal leader, was stolen but recovered by an antique collector and was returned to the town. Archaeologists from various countries have visited the town to promote preservation of the mummies due to deterioration of the cadavers. The caves containing the cadavers of these mummies have been declared by Monument Watch as one of the "100 Most Endangered Sites" in the world.[21]

Mount Pulag is a destination for mountaineers, hikers, including picnickers. At its summit, the climbers can see the surroundings of the whole north Luzon.

Education

Public schools

As of 2014, Kabayan has 22 public elementary schools and 3 public secondary schools.[22][23][24]

>Elementary (2013-2014)[24] School Barangay Abucot Elementary School Eddet Adaoay Elementary School Adaoay Anchokey Primary School Anchokey Asokong Pacso Elementary School Gusaran Asokong Pacso Elementary School - Annex Pacso Awing Primary School Adaoay Ballay Elementary School Ballay Bashoy Elementary School Bashoy Batan Elementary School Batan Bio B. Midol Elementary School Ballay Chapides Primary School Gusaran Duacan Primary School Duacan Eddet Elementary School Adaoay Kabayan Barrio Elementary School Kabayan Barrio Kabayan Central School Poblacion Lebeng Primary School Bashoy Lusod Elementary School Lusod Mongoto Elementary School (Timbac) Mt. Pulag Primary School Bashoy Tamang Elementary School Batan Tawangan Elementary School Tawangan Tinaleb Elementary School Ballay

Secondary (2013-2014)[23] School Barangay Adaoay National High School Adaoay Kamora National High School Gusaran Tawangan-Lusod National High School Tawangan

References

1. "Municipality". Quezon City, Philippines: Department of the Interior and Local Government. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
2. "Province: Benguet". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
3. Census of Population (2015). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
4. "PSA releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Quezon City, Philippines. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
5. "Kabayan Mummies". Mummy Tombs. Archived from the original on 28 October 2000. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
6. "Municipality of Kabayan: History of Kabayan". Province of Benguet (official website). Archived from the original on 3 December 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
7. "Municipality of Kabayan, Benguet". Department of Interior and Local Government - Cordillera Administrative Region. Archived from the original on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
8. Deem, James M. "Kabayan Mummies". Mummy Tombs. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
9. Baucas, Biano L. (1998). A Brief History of Kabayan, Benguet. Benguet, Philippines: Hamada Publishing. p. 43. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
10. "Kabayan Mummy Caves". World Monuments Fund. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
11. "Facts & Figures: Benguet Province". Philippine Statistics Authority - National Statistical Coordination Board - Cordillera Administrative Region. Archived from the original on 28 February 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
12. "History: Benguet Province". Province of Benguet (official website). Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
13. "Executive Order No. 42, s. 1963: Declaring Certain Municipal Districts in the Philippines as Municipalities". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
14. "Republic Act No. 4695: An Act Creating the Provinces of Benguet, Mountain Province, Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. 18 June 1966. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
15. "Municipal: Kabayan, Benguet". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
16. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
17. "Kabayan: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
18. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
19. "Province of Benguet". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
20. "Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves". Tentative Lists. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
21. "The Kabayan Branch". National Museum of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
22. "Masterlist of Public Elementary Schools for the School year 2012- 2013". Department of Education (Philippines), July 15, 2013. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
23. "Masterlist of Secondary Schools (School Year 2013- 2014)". Department of Education (Philippines), 4 July 2013. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
24. "Masterlist of Public Schools SY 2013-2014". Department of Education (Philippines), 22 October 2014. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2014.

External links

• Kabayan Profile at PhilAtlas.com
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code