Zamboanga del Sur

Zamboanga del Sur (Cebuano: Habagatang Zamboanga; Subanen: S'helatan Sembwangan/Sembwangan dapit Shelatan; Chavacano: Zamboanga del Sur) is a province in the Philippines located in the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Pagadian. Statistically grouped with Zamboanga del Sur is the highly urbanized city of Zamboanga, which is geographically separated and a chartered city and governed independently from the province.

Zamboanga del Sur
Province
Province of Zamboanga del Sur
Flag
Seal
Location in the Philippines
Coordinates: 7°50′N 123°15′E
CountryPhilippines
RegionZamboanga Peninsula (Region IX)
FoundedJune 6, 1952
CapitalPagadian
Government
 • TypeSangguniang Panlalawigan
 • GovernorVictor Yu (PDP-Laban)
 • Vice GovernorRoseller Ariosa
Area
 • Total4,499.46 km2 (1,737.25 sq mi)
Area rank25th out of 81
 (excluding Zamboanga City)
Highest elevation1,562 m (5,125 ft)
Population
 (2015 census)[2]
 • Total1,010,674
 • Rank27th out of 81
 • Density220/km2 (580/sq mi)
 • Density rank42nd out of 81
 (excluding Zamboanga City)
Divisions
 • Independent cities
 • Component cities
 • Municipalities
 • Barangays
  • 681
  • 779 (including Zamboanga City)
 • Districts1st and 2nd districts of Zamboanga del Sur
Time zoneUTC+8 (PHT)
ZIP code
7000–7043
IDD : area code +63 (0)62
ISO 3166 codePH-ZAS
Spoken languages
Income classification1st class
Websitewww.zamboangadelsur.gov.ph

The province borders Zamboanga del Norte to the north, Zamboanga Sibugay to the west, Misamis Occidental to the northeast, and Lanao del Norte to the east. To the south is the Moro Gulf.

History
Further information: Zamboanga (province) and Moro Province

The name of Zamboanga is the Hispanicized spelling of the Sinama term for "mooring place" - samboangan (also spelled sambuangan; and in Subanen, sembwangan), from the root word samboang ("mooring pole"). "Samboangan" was the original name of Zamboanga City, from where the name of the peninsula is derived from.[3] "Samboangan" is well-attested in Spanish,[4] British,[5][6] French,[7][8] German,[9] and American[10] historical records from as far back as the 17th century.[4]

This is commonly contested by folk etymologies which instead attribute the name of Zamboanga to the Indonesian word jambangan (claimed to mean "place of flowers", but actually means "pot" or "bowl"), usually with claims that all ethnic groups in Zamboanga were "Malays". However, this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s.[11]

The original inhabitants of the Zamboanga peninsula were the Subanen, who settled along the riverbanks in inland areas; and the various Sama-Bajau and Yakan ethnic groups who settled in coastal areas. Tausūg settlers from northeastern Mindanao also migrated to the region in the 13th century.[12][13][14]

The region was additionally settled by migrants (mostly from the Visayas islands) after World War II.[15] Together with the original settlers, these pioneers helped develop Zamboanga del Sur into the abundant and culturally diverse province that it is.

Historically, Zamboanga was the capital of the Moro Province in western Mindanao, which comprised five districts: Cotabato, Davao, Sulu, Lanao, and Zamboanga. In 1940, these districts became individual provinces. Zamboanga City became the capital of Zamboanga province. Soon after World War II, the provincial capital was transferred to Dipolog. Molave was created as the provincial capital in 1948.

On June 6, 1952, through Republic Act 711, Zamboanga del Sur was carved out from the former Zamboanga province that encompassed the entire peninsula in southwestern Mindanao.[16] As the 52nd province of the Philippines, it originally consisted of 11 towns, which were later expanded into 42 municipalities and one city, Pagadian, its capital.

Political developments in February 2001 saw another major change in the territorial jurisdiction of Zamboanga del Sur. Its inhabitants voted to create a new province out of the third congressional district, named Zamboanga Sibugay.[17]

Geography

Zamboanga del Sur covers a total area of 4,499.46 square kilometres (1,737.25 sq mi)[18] occupying the southern section of the Zamboanga peninsula in western Mindanao. It is located at longitude 122° 30"" and latitude 7° 15"" north. When Zamboanga City is included for statistical purposes, the province's land area is 591,416 hectares (5,914.16 km2).[18] The province is bordered on the north by Zamboanga del Norte, west by Zamboanga Sibugay, northeast by Misamis Occidental, east by Lanao del Norte, southeast by the Illana Bay, and south by the Moro Gulf.

Topography
Dao Dao islands within the Yllana Bay

Stretching northward from Sibugay in the southwest and running along the northern boundary to Salug Valley in the east is the province’s mountainous countryside. The coastal plains extend regularly from south to west then spread into wide flat lands when reaching the coastal plains of the Baganian peninsula in the southeast.

The longest river in Region IX, the Sibugay River gets its water from the mountains of Zamboanga del Sur most specifically in Bayog and Lakewood, from where it flows into Sibuguey Bay which is now part of Zamboanga Sibugay. Other notable rivers are the Kumalarang River, the Dinas River with its headwaters in the Mount Timolan Protected Landscape, and Salug River in Molave.

Climate

The province has a relatively high mean annual rainfall: 1,599 to 3,500 millimetres (63.0 to 137.8 in). Temperature is relatively warm and constant throughout the year: 22 to 35 °C (72 to 95 °F).

Climate data for Zamboanga del Sur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.4
(86.7)		 30.5
(86.9)		 31.6
(88.9)		 32.6
(90.7)		 32.3
(90.1)		 31.7
(89.1)		 31.6
(88.9)		 31.6
(88.9)		 31.8
(89.2)		 31.5
(88.7)		 31.4
(88.5)		 30.8
(87.4)		 31.5
(88.7)
Average low °C (°F) 21.8
(71.2)		 21.9
(71.4)		 20.8
(69.4)		 22.2
(72.0)		 21.2
(70.2)		 21.0
(69.8)		 21.1
(70.0)		 21.0
(69.8)		 21.1
(70.0)		 21.3
(70.3)		 21.4
(70.5)		 21.3
(70.3)		 21.3
(70.4)
Average rainy days 15 10 8 7 10 17 16 16 14 16 17 16 162
Source: Storm247 [19]

Administrative divisions

Zamboanga del Sur comprises 26 municipalities and 1 component city, organized into three congressional districts and further subdivided into 681 barangays.

Traditionally grouped with Zamboanga del Sur is the highly urbanized city of Zamboanga, which is administratively independent from the province.

Demographics
Population census of
Zamboanga del Sur
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 695,741—    
1995 766,918+1.84%
2000 836,217+1.87%
2007 914,278+1.24%
2010 959,685+1.78%
2015 1,010,674+0.99%
(excluding Zamboanga City)
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[2][20][20]

The population of Zamboanga del Sur in the 2015 census was 1,010,674 people,[2] with a density of 220 inhabitants per square kilometre or 570 inhabitants per square mile. When Zamboanga City is included for statistical purposes, the province's population is 1,872,473 people, with a density of 317/km2 (820/sq mi).

Religion

Most of the inhabitants in Zamboanga del Sur are Roman Catholics. Other Christian groups are Baptists, Methodists, Aglipayans, Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints, Iglesia Ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians. There is a large Muslim minority.

Languages

The most commonly spoken language is Cebuano. Also spoken, although in small percentage, are Chavacano, Subanen, Tausug, Maranao, Iranun, and English.

Economy
Pagadian City, the provincial capital

The economy is predominantly agricultural. Products include coco oil, livestock feed milling, rice/corn milling, including the processing of fruits, gifts and housewares made from indigenous materials like handmade paper, roots, rattan, buri, and bamboo; wood-based manufacture of furniture and furniture components from wood, rattan, and bamboo; marine and aquaculture including support services; construction services and manufacture of marble, concrete, and wooden construction materials. There are also mining areas in the province, such as those found in the municipality of Bayog managed by TVI, a Canadian-based mining firm which concentrates on gold mining, and the Cebu Ore Mining which is handling the Ore-Copper-Steel mines. There are also small-scale mines in the municipality of Dumingag.

Governors
Main article: Governor of Zamboanga del Sur
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gollark: Possibly, why?
gollark: Communism.
gollark: Soviet national anthem?
gollark: I'm not actually on.

References
  1. "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on May 18, 2001. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  2. Census of Population (2015). "Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  3. Rodney C. Jubilado; Hanafi Hussin & Maria Khristina Manueli (2011). "The Sama-Bajaus of Sulu-Sulawesi Seas: perspectives from linguistics and culture" (PDF). JATI - Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 15 (1): 83–95.
  4. Francisco Combes (1667). Historia de las islas de Mindanao, Iolo y sus Adyacentes. Progresos de la Religion y Armas Catolicas. Pablo del Val.
  5. Challenger Expedition 1872-1876 (1895). Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-76 Under the Command of Captain George S. Nares ... and the Late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 823–828.
  6. George Newenham Wright (1837). A New and Comprehensive Gazetteer, Volume 4. T. Kelly. p. 459.
  7. Antoine-François Prévost (1757). Histoire générale des voyages ou Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre, qui ont été publiées jusqu'à présent dans les differentes langues de toutes les nations connues. De Hondt. p. 37.
  8. Pierre Joseph André Roubaud (1770). Histoire générale de l'Asie, de l'Afrique et de l'Amérique. Des Ventes de la Doué. p. 499–500. Samboangan.
  9. John Meares (1791). Des Kapitians John Meares und des Kapitains William Douglas Reisen nach der Nordwest-Küste von Amerika, in den Jahren 1786 bis 1789. Voß. p. 240.
  10. Charles Pickering (1848). "The Races of Man and their Geographical Distribution". United States Exploring Expedition. During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, USN. Volume IX (PDF). C. Sherman. p. 125.
  11. Enriquez, A.R. "Jambangan: the "Garden of Flowers" never was!". Antoniofermin's Name. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  12. Alfred Kemp Pallasen (1985). Culture Contact and Language Convergence (PDF). LSP Special Monogaph Issue 24. Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
  13. Tom Gunnar Hoogervorst (2012). "Ethnicity and aquatic lifestyles: exploring Southeast Asia's past and present seascapes" (PDF). Water History. 4: 245–265. doi:10.1007/s12685-012-0060-0.
  14. Rodney C. Jubilado (2010). "On cultural fluidity: The Sama-Bajau of the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas". Kunapipi. 32 (1): 89–101.
  15. Wernstedt, Frederick L.; Simkins, Paul D. (1965). "Migrations and the Settlement of Mindanao". The Journal of Asian Studies. 25 (1): 83–103. doi:10.2307/2051042.
  16. "Republic Act No. 711 - An Act to Create the Provinces of Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  17. "Republic Act No. 8973; An Act Creating the Province of Zamboanga Sibugay from the Province of Zamboanga del Sur and for Other Purposes" (PDF). House of Representatives of the Philippines. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  18. "Province: Zamboanga del Sur". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  19. "Weather forecast for Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines". Storm247. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  20. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
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