Nueva Vizcaya

Nueva Vizcaya (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Nueva Vizcaya [Baro nga Biscaya]; Gaddang: Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya [ˈnwɛva vɪzˈkaja]) is a province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan to the southwest. Quirino province was created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966.

This article is about the Philippine province. For other uses, see Nueva Vizcaya (disambiguation).
Nueva Vizcaya
Province
Province of Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya Provincial Capitol
Flag
Seal
Location in the Philippines
Coordinates: 16°29′N 121°09′E
CountryPhilippines
RegionCagayan Valley (Region II)
Founded1839
Named forBiscay, Basque, Spain
CapitalBayombong
Government
 • TypeSangguniang Panlalawigan
 • GovernorCarlos M. Padilla (NP)
 • Vice GovernorJose D. Tomas, Sr.
 • RepresentativeLuisa L. Cuaresma
Area
 • Total3,975.67 km2 (1,535.01 sq mi)
Area rank31st out of 81
Highest elevation2,926 m (9,600 ft)
Population
 (2015 census)[2]
 • Total452,287
 • Rank60th out of 81
 • Density110/km2 (290/sq mi)
 • Density rank68th out of 81
Demonym(s)Novo Vizcayano
Divisions
 • Independent cities0
 • Component cities0
 • Municipalities
 • Barangays275
 • DistrictsLone district of Nueva Vizcaya
Time zoneUTC+8 (PHT)
ZIP code
3700–3714
IDD : area code +63 (0)78
ISO 3166 codePH-NUV
Spoken languages
Websitewww.nuevavizcaya.gov.ph

Etymology
Spanish Province of Vizcaya historical coat of arms

The name Nueva Vizcaya is derived from the name of the province of Biscay (called Vizcaya in Spanish, Bizkaia in Basque) during the Spanish colonial period. This can be seen in the right part of the seal, a representation of the heraldic of Vizcaya in Spain.

History

Spanish period
An old map showing the province and its original borders

The areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya used to be part of the vast Provincia de Cagayan.[3] Organized religion in Nueva Vizcaya dates back to the year 1607, when the Dominican Order arrived in the province. It was not until 1609, however, that the first settlement of a religious order was established in the southern half of the province. In 1702, a convent was erected in Burubur at the foot of the Caraballo Mountains in Santa Clara, which is now a barangay in the town of Aritao. It was on this site that the first mass in Nueva Vizcaya was celebrated and the first baptism of a Christian convert was held.

In 1839, upon the advice of the alcalde mayor of Cagayan,[4] Luis Lardizabal, then-Governor General of the Philippines created the province of Nueva Vizcaya.[3] The order was approved by a Royal Decree on April 10, 1841. The original province covered the areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Mountain Province, and a large portion of Isabela, as well as much of Aurora.[3]

Civil government was established in the province by the Philippine Commission in 1902 during the American Colonial Period of the Philippines.[4]

The territories of Nueva Vizcaya were greatly reduced as a result of the creation of the province of Isabela in May 1865 from the northern parts of Nueva Vizcaya.[3][4]

American period

In 1908, the northwestern territory of Nueva Vizcaya was annexed to the newly organized sub-province of Ifugao.[3] The survey executed by the Bureau of Lands in 1914 further caused the diminution of its area and reduced again upon the enactment of the Administrative Code of 1917.[4]

The province of Nueva Viscaya was also included in the 12th district of the Philippine Senate during the American period. The district included Mountain Province (present-day Apayao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, and Benguet), Cotabato (undivided), Agusan (undivided), Davao (undivided), Zamboanga (undivided), and Sulu (undivided). The province was included in the district because of its ethnic compatibility with Mountain Province and other indigenous domains in the Cordilleras and Mindanao.

Gateway Arch near Dalton Pass

World War II

During the Pacific War of the Second World War, Dalton Pass was the scene of a major battle between the Empire of Japan, the Commonwealth of the Philippines and American forces, with the Allies winning on 31 May 1945.[3][5]:510,535

Post-war era

In 1971, with the passage of Republic Act No. 6394, Quirino, which was then a sub-province of Nueva Vizcaya, was separated from its mother province and made into a regular province.[3][4][6][7]

Since Nueva Vizcaya's birth as a province, traces of the culture and customs of its early settlers—the Ilongots (Bugkalot), Igorots, Ifugaos, Isinais, and the Gaddangs—can still be seen.[8] The influx of civilization and the infusion of modern technology to the life stream of the province induced immigration from adjacent provinces. The province was pushed to be included in the Cordillera Autonomous Region because the province is technically within the Cordillera, however, it did not came to be due to the failure to enact an autonomous Cordillera by the national government. In 2017, a new bill gained momentum in Congress. The bill aims to finally establish an autonomous Cordillera region, however, questions linger on the exclusion of Nueva Viscaya despite the province being culturally and geographically linked to the Cordilleras. The province also has the largest Igorot population outside the Cordillera region.

Geography

Surrounded by North Luzon's three large mountain ranges, Nueva Vizcaya is generally mountainous, varying from steep mountains to rolling hills, with some valleys and plains.[4] It is bordered on the west by the Cordillera mountains, on the east by the Sierra Madre mountains, and on the south by the Caraballo Mountains.[3] The province (and the entire Cagayan Valley) are separated from the Central Luzon plains by the Caraballo Mountains.

The province has a total land area of 3,975.67 square kilometres (1,535.01 sq mi).[9] The southernmost province in the Cagayan Valley region, Nueva Vizcaya lies approximately 268 kilometres (167 mi) north of Metro Manila and can be reached by land via the Cagayan Valley Road (Maharlika Highway).

Administrative divisions

Nueva Vizcaya comprises 15 municipalities, with Bayombong as the provincial capital and major educational center, Bambang (the agricultural hub) and Solano (the financial district) as the major commercial centers, and Kayapa as the summer capital and "vegetable bowl" of the province. All municipalities are encompassed by a lone legislative district.[9]

Geographically, the western half of Nueva Vizcaya is part of the main Cordilleras, while its eastern half is part of the Caraballos, the meeting point of the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre. There have been grassroot moves to reunify Nueva Viscaya with the Cordilleras due to cultural and geographical harmony, however, none have been introduced in Congress.

Political map of Nueva Vizcaya

Barangays
Main article: List of barangays in Nueva Vizcaya

The 15 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 275 barangays, with Roxas in Solano, Nueva Vizcaya as the most populous in 2010, and Santa Rosa in Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya as the least.[10]

Government

Nueva Vizcaya has one congressional district, although there has been a longtime proposal to divide the province into two congressional districts.

Demographics
Ilongot tribe from Oyao in Nueva Vizcaya
Population census of
Nueva Vizcaya
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 301,179—    
1995 334,965+2.01%
2000 366,962+1.98%
2007 397,837+1.12%
2010 421,355+2.11%
2015 452,287+1.36%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[2][10][10]

The population of Nueva Vizcaya in the 2015 census was 452,287 people,[2] with a density of 110 inhabitants per square kilometre or 280 inhabitants per square mile.

Nueva Vizcaya is home to about 18 indigenous peoples, which includes the major tribes of the Ifugao (Quezon, Bagabag, Kasibu), Gaddang (Solano and Bayombong), Isinai (Dupax del Sur and Bambang), Dumagat (Aritao), Kalanguya (Santa Fe), and the Bugkalot (Alfonso Castañeda and Dupax del Norte). Indigenous peoples' groups have filed for ancestral domain titles covering parts of the province.[11][12]

The Ilokano population in the province are not indigenous as they were part of the labor force initially needed by the Spanish administration to work on the tobacco plantations beginning in the 1700s, and later immigrants with skills construct churches and other structures needed for development. Indigenous tribes were not cooperative with the Spaniards. After several insurrections by the locals, Spanish officials chose to import trained labor from established settlements in the coastal regions of Pangasinan and Ilokos. So, it was deliberated in the Spanish Congress the need for in migration of labor. After it was voted by a majority and approved by the king, Ilocanos started to migrate and were given homestead. Thus, the start of the migration of Ilocanos in the province.[8]

Every last week of May, these ethnolinguistic groups gather to celebrate the Ammungan festival (formerly Panagyaman festival), a week-long affair culminating on May 24, the province's foundation day.[8]

Religion

Roman Catholics are about 63% of the population of the province.[13] Other faiths are divided among Aglipayan Church , Iglesia Ni Cristo which form about 5-6% of the province population,[14] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baptist, Methodist, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians which forms about 17%-20% of the province's population[15][16] as well as Muslims and indigenous Cordilleran religions.

Languages

Nueva Vizcaya province possesses one of the most diverse array of indigenous languages in Luzon, a testimony to its cultural and geographic linkages with the Cordillera mountain range. The indigenous languages of the province listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino are the Bugkalut language, Ibaloy language, Ifugaw language, Iguwak language, Irungdungan language, Isinay language, Kalanguya language, and Kankanaey language. During the later part of the Spanish regime, people from Ilocos region migrated to the province through the recommendation of Spanish officials in the province. It was deliberated in the Spanish court in Spain and with a majority vote and approval of the king of Spain, Ilocanos were allowed to migrate to the province. Thus, the importation of the Ilokano language and culture started. Remarkably, the economy of the province started to grow because of the industry of the Ilocanos as well as through their innate talent in entrepreneurship and in other industries including agriculture.

Economy
Tilapia, "Saint Peter's fish"

Agriculture is the main industry in the province, together with rice, corn, fruits and vegetables as major crops.[3] Nueva Vizcaya is a major producer of citrus crops in the country, principally pomelo, ponkan and oranges. The Nueva Vizcaya Agricultural Terminal in Bambang supplies the demand of neighboring provinces and Metro Manila. There is a mining industry in the province which added to the provincial income.[17][18] However, mining activities have also been alleged to have dried up water sources, polluted the environment, and endangered livelihoods of farmers and fisherfolk.[19][20][21]

According to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, deposits of metallic minerals discovered in the province are copper, gold, molybdenum and pyrite. Non-metallic deposits include red clay, white clay and limestone, with sand and gravel being the most abundant deposits in the province.[22]

On January 11, 2008, the Cagayan Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) stated that tilapia (species of cichlid fishes from the tilapiine cichlid tribe) production grew and Cagayan Valley is now the Philippines' tilapia capital (Saint Peter's fish). Production supply grew 37.25% since 2003, with 14,000 metric tons (MT) in 2007. The recent aquaculture congress found that the growth of tilapia production was due to government interventions: provision of fast-growing species, accreditation of private hatcheries to ensure supply of quality fingerlings, establishment of demonstration farms, providing free fingerlings to newly constructed fishponds, and the dissemination of tilapia to Nueva Vizcaya (in Diadi town).[23]

Education

Nueva Vizcaya has the following education institutions, among others.

College/Vocational

  • Aldersgate College (Solano)
  • Fuzeko Polytechnic College (Solano)
  • King's College of the Philippines (formerly: Eastern Luzon Colleges) (Bambang)
  • Northern Luzon Technical Institute (Bayombong)
  • Nueva Vizcaya Caregiver Academy (Solano)
  • Nueva Vizcaya Institute (Aritao)
  • PLT College Inc. (Bayombong)
  • Saint Mary's University (Bayombong)
  • Sierra College (Bayombong)
  • Solano Institute of Technology (Solano)
  • Vizcaya Institute of Computer Science (Bayombong)
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gollark: Then it's THEIR problem!
gollark: Why not gift the code to some random person?
gollark: I was going to say that.
gollark: Yes.

References
  1. "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  2. Census of Population (2015). "Region II (Cagayan Valley)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  3. Lancion, Jr., Conrado M.; de Guzman, Rey (cartography) (1995). "The Provinces". Fast Facts about Philippine Provinces (The 2000 Millenium ed.). Makati, Metro Manila: Tahanan Books. pp. 118, 48, 49, 84. ISBN 971-630-037-9. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  4. "Provincial Profile". Province of Nueva Vizcaya (official website). Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  5. Smith, R.R., 2005, Triumph in the Philippines, Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, ISBN 1410224953
  6. "Republic Act No. 4734 - An Act Creating the Subprovince of Quirino in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  7. "Brief History of Quirino". Province of Quirino (official website). Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  8. Babiera, Lester G. (14 July 2014). "Nueva Vizcaya mounts Ammungan fest, celebrates diversity". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 22 April 2016. Its major tribes include the Ifugao of the towns of Quezon, Bagabag and Kasibu; Gaddang of Solano, Bayombong; Isinai of Dupax del Sur and Bambang; Dumagat of Aritao; Kalanguya of Santa Fe; and the Bugkalot of Alfonso Castañeda and Dupax del Norte. This cultural diversity came to the fore once more as Nueva Vizcaya recently celebrated the Grand Ammungan Festival to mark its 175th founding anniversary.
  9. "Province: Nueva Vizcaya". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  10. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region II (Cagayan Valley)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  11. "Dipaculao Egongot ICCA, Philippines". ICCA Registry. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  12. Ebreo, Ben Moses (May 1, 2017). "IP tribe pushes domain claim". Manila Standard. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  13. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/81162-map-catholicism-philippines
  14. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/64391-map-iglesia-ni-cristo-population-philippines
  15. http://philchal.org/dawn/provinceupdates/ProvSummary_%20NUEVA_VIZCAYA_2011.pdf
  16. http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/Nueva%20Vizcaya_Statistical%20Tables.xls
  17. "OceanaGold inks deal". The Standard Business. 17 October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2016. OceanaGold (Phils.) Inc., contractor of the Didipio gold-copper project in Northern Luzon, signed a wide-ranging memorandum of agreement with the council leaders of Didipio village in Nueva Vizcaya.
  18. Gonzales, Anna Leah E. (13 September 2013). "OceanaGold to invest $20m". The Standard. Retrieved 22 April 2016. OceanaGold Corp. said Thursday it will spend $10 million to $20 million to connect the Didipio gold-copper mine in Nueva Vizcaya province to the Luzon power grid.
  19. Umil, Anne Marxze (2020-03-07). "Highlights of complaints submitted to UN human rights body". Bulatlat. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  20. Contributors, Bulatlat (2014-10-05). "Investigating mining pollution and plunder in Nueva Vizcaya". Bulatlat. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  21. Dullana, Raymon (March 6, 2018). "Nueva Vizcaya officials vow to block renewal of OceanaGold mining permit". Rappler. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  22. "Mines and Geosciences Bureau; Mines Sector". Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Region 2 - Cagayan Valley. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  23. Abs-Cbn Interactive, Cagayan Valley country’s tilapia capital
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