Griffith, New South Wales
Griffith /ˈɡrɪfəθ/[3] is a major regional city in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area that is located in the north-western part of the Riverina region of New South Wales, known commonly as the food bowl of Australia. It is also the seat of the City of Griffith local government area. Like the Australian capital, Canberra, and the nearby town of Leeton, Griffith was designed by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin.[4] Griffith was named after Arthur Hill Griffith, the first New South Wales Minister of Public Works.[5] Griffith was proclaimed a city in 1987,[6] and had a population of 20,251[1] in June 2018.
| Griffith New South Wales | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Griffith Court House | |||||||||
  Griffith | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 34°17′24″S 146°2′24″E | ||||||||
| Population | 20,251 (2018)[1] | ||||||||
| Established | 4 August 1916[2] | ||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 2680 | ||||||||
| Elevation | 129.2 m (424 ft) | ||||||||
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10) | ||||||||
| • Summer (DST) | AEDT (UTC+11) | ||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
| LGA(s) | City of Griffith | ||||||||
| County | Cooper | ||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Murray | ||||||||
| Federal Division(s) | Farrer | ||||||||
| |||||||||
It can be accessed by road from Sydney and Canberra via the Hume Highway and the Burley Griffin Way and from Melbourne, via the Newell Highway and either by using the Kidman Way or the Irrigation Way. Griffith can be accessed from other places like Adelaide, Orange, and Bathurst through the Mid-Western Highway and the Rankins Springs road from Rankins Springs and the Kidman Way from Goolgowi.
History
Griffith and other towns were created as part of the New South Wales State Government's Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) project, a plan to supply irrigation from the Murrumbidgee river to open up western New South Wales for farming .[6]
The town plan for Griffith, and nearby Leeton, was designed by Walter Burley Griffin in 1914, an unusual geometric pattern centred on a set of circular streets, with broad avenues radiating out in an octagonal arrangement.[7][8] The streets were surveyed mostly according to that plan, and Griffith was declared a town in August 1916.[9]
The main dam of the scheme was the large Burrinjuck Dam on the Murrumbidgee between Gundagai and Canberra, but was not completed until 1928. The Berembed Weir, near Narrandera, was built in 1912, diverting water from the Murrumbidgee River into the Bundidgerry Creek then into the Main Canal of the MIA at Narrandera.[10] The Canal, almost a river in its own right, flows through the MIA, supplying water to the entire area, then flows through Griffith as part of the geometric plan, and peters out to the northwest of the town in rice farms.
The water supply was further enhanced with the construction of the Snowy River scheme by the Australian Federal Government in the 1950s and 1960s. The Blowering Dam, a large dam near Tumut stores a significant amount of water to be released down the Murrumbidgee for irrigation around Leeton, Griffith and the newer Coleambally area south of the Murrumbidgee and Griffith.[6]
From the start of the MIA, citrus and other fruit and vegetables were grown in abundance around Griffith. In the 1950s the irrigation area expanded to include large rice farms. Vineyards were established early, and wineries followed, beginning with McWilliam's Wines at Hanwood and Yenda, two villages just outside the city.
From its earliest days, the MIA was populated by Italian workers, some of whom were initially employed by Australian farmers to run steamboats on the Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers. Approximately 60% of today's Griffith population claim Italian background.[11] These include the initial settlement of Italians from the boat crews and other Italians who came out to Australia in the Depression, or from a second wave of immigrant Italians who came to Griffith in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
In the 1970s, Griffith was often associated with drug distribution (particularly marijuana) and organised crime,[12] as depicted in 2009 by Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities. However, Griffith is now associated with good wine and food, primarily as a result of its diverse population, with notable contributions by Italian-Australians. Griffith's multi-ethnic population is now absorbing new national groups, including a significant Sikh Indian community.[13] The city is sister city with the Italian city of Treviso in the Veneto Region. Many Italians in Griffith are from the Veneto Region or the Calabria Region of Italy.
The Italian influence expanded the range of fruit and vegetables, and also significantly increased the number of wineries and the range of wines produced by the existing wineries in the region, such as McWilliam's. De Bortoli, Rosetto and other wineries were established by Italian immigrants, and today they are well known around Australia. In recent times they have been joined by one of the country's best known wine labels, Yellow Tail, produced by Casella Family Brands. Casella, DeBortoli, McWilliam's, Warburn and Berton Vineyards are now among the top 20 wine producers in Australia.[14]
Griffith is the cathedral city of the Anglican Diocese of Riverina. The foundation stone of the Parish Church of St Alban the Martyr was dedicated in 1954. It was proclaimed as a cathedral in 1984.
Heritage listings
Griffith has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
- Scenic Drive: Hermit's Cave[15]
Climate
Griffith has a semi-arid climate (BSk) under the Köppen climate classification with hot summers and cool winters.[16] Extreme temperatures at Griffith Airport AWS have ranged from 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) on 16 January 2019 to −5.9 °C (21.4 °F) on 17 July 1977.[17] During a heatwave on 10 February 2017, temperatures reached 45.8 °C (114.4 °F), a new record high for February.[18] On 16 January 2019, during a long heatwave, Griffith Airport recorded 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), the highest maximum temperature for any month on record.[19]
| Climate data for Griffith Airport AWS | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 46.4 (115.5) |
45.8 (114.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
38.3 (100.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
25.0 (77.0) |
23.6 (74.5) |
30.0 (86.0) |
38.2 (100.8) |
39.2 (102.6) |
43.0 (109.4) |
44.0 (111.2) |
46.4 (115.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 33.2 (91.8) |
32.4 (90.3) |
28.9 (84.0) |
24.1 (75.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
16.5 (61.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
24.2 (75.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 17.3 (63.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.2 (50.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
15.4 (59.7) |
10.1 (50.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
4.2 (39.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
0.4 (32.7) |
1.8 (35.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 33.3 (1.31) |
28.3 (1.11) |
35.2 (1.39) |
27.1 (1.07) |
35.1 (1.38) |
35.3 (1.39) |
33.5 (1.32) |
35.2 (1.39) |
33.0 (1.30) |
38.5 (1.52) |
34.0 (1.34) |
33.7 (1.33) |
397.6 (15.65) |
| Average precipitation days | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 6.6 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 8.9 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 75.3 |
| Average afternoon relative humidity (%) | 28 | 34 | 37 | 41 | 53 | 63 | 62 | 54 | 47 | 37 | 35 | 31 | 44 |
| Source: [17] | |||||||||||||
Commerce
Griffith is the regional service centre for the vast Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, one of the most productive agricultural regions in Australia.[20] Thanks to irrigation, Griffith is rich in agriculture and the city is also known as Australia's "Wine and Food Country".[21]
Commercial
Griffith has experienced strong commercial growth in recent years. Griffith's main streets are Banna Avenue and Yambil Streets but commercial growth has occurred throughout the city. Shopping centre developments include:
- Griffith City Plaza
- Griffin Plaza
- Griffith Central
- Griffith Lifestyle Centre
- The Gateway Centre
- Griffith Woolworths Complex
- Griffith City Central
- Driver Shopping Complex
Industrial
Griffith is home to the Riverina's largest employer, poultry processor, the Baiada Group.[22] Griffith also has several wineries, including De Bortoli Wines and Casella Family Brands (makers of Yellow Tail wine).
Residential
In addition to Griffith, the area includes the towns and villages of Willbriggie, Hanwood, Beelbangera, Bilbul, Yoogali, Widgelli, Yenda, Lake Wyangan, Tharbogang and Warburn. The city contains the main suburbs of Collina, Driver, North Griffith, East Griffith, West Griffith, South Griffith, Murrumbidgee, Mayfair, Pioneer Mooreville and Wickhams Hill. The newest development of the suburb Collina has been constructed to the north east of the city's centre.
Demography
In the 2016 Census, there were 19,144 people in Griffith.
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 5.0% of the population.
- The most common ancestries were Australian 22.4%, English 20.1%, Italian 17.6%, Irish 6.3% and Scottish 5.0%
- 68.3% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were India 4.7%, Italy 4.4%, New Zealand 1.8%, Philippines 1.0% and England 0.9%.
- 67.3% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Italian 7.5%, Punjabi 3.6%, Gujarati 1.2%, Samoan 1.1% and Mandarin 1.1%.
- The most common responses for religion were Catholic 37.4%, No Religion 14.2% and Anglican 12.6%.[23]
Education
Griffith is the third largest centre for education in the Riverina after Wagga Wagga and Leeton. Griffith is home to two high schools:
- Murrumbidgee Regional High School – MRHS is a super school, made up of two sites, formerly known as Wade High School and Griffith High School
- Marian Catholic College (formerly Catholic High School)
Griffith also has 13 primary schools and various day care and pre-school facilities. Griffith has one of the largest campuses of Riverina Institute of TAFE. There has been recent plans to construct a fifth campus of Charles Sturt University in Griffith.
Transport
Griffith is a major junction for the Kidman Way, Burley Griffin Way and Irrigation Way. Griffith is located 550 km (340 mi) west of Sydney via Burley Griffin Way and Irrigation Way and 450 km (280 mi) north of Melbourne via the Kidman Way. Griffith has daily bus services to the major metropolitan areas.
Griffith Airport has daily flights to Sydney (operated by Regional Express) and, from 15 July 2019, to Melbourne (operated by Sharp Airlines). There are also regular flights to Broken Hill and Narrandera.
Griffith Buslines operates buses through Griffith and surrounding towns and villages, with seven main services and routes.
The railway reached Griffith on 3 July 1916 and since that date has provided a service transporting passengers and goods to and from the area. Regular goods trains continue, making it a unique railway centre.[24]
Griffith railway station is served by a weekly NSW TrainLink Xplorer service from Sydney. NSW TrainLink also operates a daily road coach service from Mildura to Wagga Wagga stopping at Griffith. This service connects at Wagga Wagga with NSW Trainlink rail services to Sydney and Melbourne.[25]
V/Line operates a daily rail/road coach service between Melbourne and Griffith, changing with the train at Shepparton. Melbourne (Southern Cross Station) to Griffith (Bus Terminal at Visitors Centre) is an evening service (daily), and Griffith to Melbourne service is overnight on Monday to Sataturday and afternoon on Sunday. Travel time is approximately six and a half to seven hours.[26]
The city of Griffith had contained no traffic lights up until February 2010 when the first set of traffic lights was installed at the intersection of Burrell Place and Wakaden Street.[27][28]
Events
- Riverina Field Days, which is held annually in May.
- La Festa, Wine, Food and Multicultural Festival, which is held annually over the Easter weekend.
- Festival of Gardens, which is held annually in October
- Sikh Games, held annually on the June Long Weekend
- unWINEd, held annually on the June Long Weekend
- Multicultural Festival of Griffith – each year in October
- Festa delle Salsicce (Festival of the Sausage) – each year in August
for more events see www.griffith.nsw.gov.au/event.asp
Media
Radio
Griffith is serviced by a number of commercial, community, narrowcast SBS, and ABC stations
Local radio stations broadcasting from Griffith include ABC Riverina, AM radio commercial station Triple M 963, FM radio commercial station Hit 99.7, both owned by Southern Cross Austereo and a rebroadcast from sports station Sky Sports Radio. Other local stations include Christian radio station Vision Radio Network and the community station 2MIA FM. The ABC's national stations ABC Radio National, ABC Classic FM, ABC NewsRadio and Triple J and the multicultural network SBS Radio are broadcast into Griffith.
ABC Riverina, is the local ABC station in Griffith, servicing the entire MIA region. It broadcasts a local breakfast show and a local morning show each weekday broadcast from the ABC studios in Wagga Wagga. Wednesday and Saturday's local morning show is also broadcast to each station on the ABC Local Radio network enabling listeners from outside of the local listening area to call into the popular gardening talk back program. ABC Riverina also has a local news service, produced by local journalists. As well as rural reports, The station also airs a local Saturday breakfast show, which is followed by a local Saturday morning sports program. Apart from local programming, ABC Riverina takes national programs like AM, Conversations, The World Today, PM, Nightlife, Overnights, Grandstand, Saturday Night Country and Australia All Over along with a mid-afternoon program, an evening show and a weekend morning program, all broadcast from Sydney, along with a drive program, broadcast from regional NSW. Other national ABC services that are available in Griffith on separate FM frequencies include Triple J, RN, ABC Classic FM and ABC NewsRadio.
2RG is the Griffith-based commercial FM station owned by Southern Cross Austereo broadcasting from Griffith studios during the day, and then taking networked programming sourced from 2GB Sydney, owned by Macquarie Media, Gold FM on the Gold Coast, Authentic Entertainment Sydney and Triple M. 2RG in Griffith also produces a local news service with a journalist based at the station, compiling and recording local news bulletins for 2RG and sister station 99.7 Star FM.
Hit FM, also owned by Southern Cross Austereo, is a commercial FM station servicing Griffith on a local FM frequency, although its local breakfast show is broadcast from a studio in Griffith. Hit FM is skewed towards the younger listeners with a Top 40/pop music format. Following the local breakfast show, the station takes Hit Music Network programming sourced from Southern Cross Austereo's hub at Sea FM on the Gold Coast or from metropoliton stations such as 2Day FM Sydney and Fox FM Melbourne.
2MIA is the local community station, broadcasting local programs, presented by radio announcers. The station is skewed towards the older demographic and plays a lot of music. All programs are locally produced apart from the regular programming the station takes from the national community radio network.
Television
Griffith is served by five television stations, three commercial television stations (WIN Television, Seven Network and Nine Network) which are regional affiliates of the three Australian commercial television networks (Ten, Seven and Nine), and public broadcasters the ABC and SBS.
Until the 1990s, Griffith received only the ABC and MTN, an independent television station showing programmes from all three commercial networks.
The town receives the commercial networks' digital channels (7Two and 7mate from Seven, 9Go! and 9Gem from Nine and One and Eleven from WIN Television), as well as TVSN, Gold, ABC2/ABC Kids, ABC3, ABC News 24, SBS 2, Food Network and NITV. Foxtel provides subscription satellite television services.
MTN carries programming from Seven Network, MDN carries programming from Nine Network and AMN carries programming from Network Ten, WIN also broadcasts the Riverina and MIA WIN News bulletin each weeknight.
Regional news coverage of the Griffith and MIA area is provided on all three commercial networks with WIN Griffith airing 90-minute local news Updates during the Day. WIN News are produced from newsrooms in the city but presented from studios in Wollongong.
Newspapers
The Area News is a daily newspaper published in the city each Monday, Wednesday and Friday, as well as national newspapers such as The Australian, The Daily Telegraph, Herald Sun, The Weekly Times and The Age.
Attractions
Griffith has many tourist attractions. These include Pioneer Park, a 510-seat Regional Theatre, the Italian museum, the Griffith Regional Art Gallery, craft and antique shops, and its many high standard restaurants. Many of the Griffith wineries also have wine tasting at the cellar door, notably De Bortoli Wines, McWilliams, Beelgara Estate (formally Rossetto Wines), West End Wines, Berton Vineyards and Warburn Estate. Griffith is famous for its botrytis including Debortoli's Noble One and its fortified wine such as McWilliam's Hanwood Port. Ecotourism is also available in Griffith. Scenic Hill has various walking trails, lookouts and is home to the famous Hermit's Cave. Nericon Swamp, part of the Griffith Wetlands Important Bird Area, is an important site for migratory birds.[29] Nearby Cocoparra National Park offers walking trails and there are opportunities to explore along the Murrumbidgee River and Lake Wyangan.
Twin towns and sister cities
Griffith is twinned with:[30]
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Notable people
- Simon Bonetti, Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s
- Joseph Colpitts, Sgt, Australian Infantry. Fought in nine countries during WWII.[31] Helped rescue many allied soldiers from occupied Crete whilst fighting with the Greek Resistance. Manager of Griffith Baths. Colpitts Place in Griffith is named in his honour.[32][33]
- Michael Henderson, Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s
- Andrew Fifita, Australian rugby league footballer who has played in the 2010s
- Evonne Goolagong, World No. 1 Australian female tennis player
- Mark Larkham, racing driver
- Donald Mackay, anti-drugs campaigner
- David Milne, Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s
- Phillip Noyce, director of the 2002 film Rabbit-Proof Fence and the 2010 American film Salt
- Esava Ratugolea, Current AFL player for Geelong
- Valerio Ricetti, cave-dwelling hermit
- Robbie Simpson (rugby league), Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s
- Robert Trimbole, Italian-Australian drug baron, organised crime boss and businessman
- Harry Catanzariti, Singer
Notes and references
- "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017–18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
- Kelly, Bryan Morris (1988). From wilderness to eden : a history of the City of Griffith, its region and its people. Griffith, N.S.W.: City of Griffith Council. p. 18. ISBN 0-7316-3994-4.
- Macquarie ABC Dictionary. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. 2003. p. 430. ISBN 1-876429-37-2.
- Landscape Architecture, Walter Burley Griffin Society Inc, 2015, retrieved 8 March 2016
- Nairn, Bede (1983). "Griffith, Arthur Hill (1861–1946)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. 9. Melbourne University Press. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 8 March 2016 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
- "History of Griffith". Griffith City Council. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 16 August 2008.
- Bob McKillop. "Pioneer work: the Murrumbidgee irrigation area towns of Leeton and Griffith". Walter Burley Griffin Society Inc. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- Harrison, Peter (1983). "Griffin, Walter Burley (1876–1937". Australian Dictionary of Biography. 9. Melbourne University Press. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 21 April 2019 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
- "TOWN OF GRIFFITH". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (139). New South Wales, Australia. 4 August 1916. p. 4550. Retrieved 21 April 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- "Berembed Weir and Site". NSW Heritage Branch. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- "Italian Story". Stateline. ABC Online. 2004. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- "Aussie Bob, the panel beater who became a millionaire". The Age. 16 May 1983.
- "Sikh community continues tsunami relief efforts". ABCNews. 4 January 2005.
- 2014 Wine Industry Directory
- "Hermit's Cave Complex". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment and Heritage. H01766. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- Linacre, Edward; Geerts, Bart (1997). Climates and Weather Explained. London: Routledge. p. 379. ISBN 0-415-12519-7.
- "Climate statistics for Griffith Airport AWS". Climate Data Online. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
- "Griffith Airport AWS – Daily maximum temperature data 2017". Climate Data Online. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- "Griffith Airport AWS – Daily maximum temperature data 2019". Climate Data Online. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- "Sustainable Agriculture in the Lower Murrumbidgee Catchment" (PDF). European Geosciences Union. Institute of Hydromechanics and Water Resources Management. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
- "Vacations Griffith – Australia". placesonline.com. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- "Union fears more Baiada job cuts". abc.net.au. 31 July 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Griffith (NSW) (Significant Urban Area)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
- From Penfolds to Patricks Pollard, Neville Australian Railway History, February; March; April 2008 pp39-57; 75–89; 111–117
- "Southern timetable". NSW Trainlink. 7 September 2019.
- V/Line Shepparton Timetable Archived 6 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- Tyson, Ross (28 March 2008). "Council says no to lights". The Area News. Fairfax Digital. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2008.
- Tyson, Ross (5 February 2010). "Busy intersection lights up". The Area News. Fairfax Digital. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Griffith Wetlands. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30 June 2011.
- "International Relations". Griffith City Council. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- "Doings in Different Districts". The Riverine Grazier. New South Wales, Australia. 17 November 1942. p. 1. Retrieved 13 May 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- Australian Military Records
- "Area Herald" Newspaper 10 November 1942
External links
