Caloundra

Caloundra /kəˈlaʊndrʌ/ is a coastal town and the southernmost town in the Sunshine Coast Region in South East Queensland, Australia.[2]

This article is about the urban area. For the suburb, see Caloundra (suburb).
For other uses, see Caloundra (disambiguation).

Caloundra
Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Caloundra
Coordinates26°48′S 153°08′E
Population51,095 (2016 census)[1]
Postcode(s)4551
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location90 km (56 mi) from Brisbane
LGA(s)Sunshine Coast Region
State electorate(s)Caloundra, Kawana
Federal Division(s)Fisher

Geography

Caloundra is 90 kilometres (55.9 mi) north of the Brisbane central business district. Caloundra is accessible from Landsborough railway station, 21 km away, and the Caloundra bus station.

History

Gubbi Gubbi (Kabi Kabi, Cabbee, Carbi, Gabi Gabi) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Gubbi Gubbi country. The Gubbi Gubbi language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Sunshine Coast Region and Gympie Region, particularly the towns of Caloundra, Noosa Heads, Gympie and extending north towards Maryborough and south to Caboolture.[3]

In 1875, Robert Bulcock, an English immigrant who founded a Brisbane newspaper and later represented the Brisbane electorate of Enoggera in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1885 until 1888, bought 277 acres (1.12 km2) of land in the region.[4] A town was surveyed in the 1870s, and land sales commenced in 1883. The first allotments of land in Caloundra were advertised for public auction on 28 August 1883. The map states 'the land is of a sandstone nature, undulating and ridgy, heavily timbered with Gum, Bloodwood, Tea-tree and Oak'.[5] A 1907 map shows several sections from George Street to Ernest St advertised for auction on 7 January 1907 by the Government Land Office.[6]

With its proximity to beaches, the area became popular with tourists and a number of hotels and guest houses were set up to accommodate them.[7]

Real estate subdivision of Bulcock Beach, 1917

In 1917, Bulcock's son, Robert Bulcock Jr, who was a councillor in the Shire of Landsborough, subdivided part of the land into 404 lots. This area became known as Bulcock Beach.[4] 404 allotments of 'Bulcock Estate' were advertised for auction on 16 August 1917 by Isle, Love and Co, auctioneers, with an edge of the Estate mapped as adjacent to Tripcony's store and the Tramway terminus.[8][9][10]

In 1919, 29 subdivided allotments of 'Caloundra Heads Estate' were advertised to be auctioned on 20 December 1919 by Cameron Bros. in Brisbane. A map advertising the auction shows the majority of blocks were on Albert Street between King Street and King's Beach.[11][12] Another undated map shows more blocks of this estate were advertised for auction on King Street towards Ernest Street.[13]

By 1933, Caloundra had a population of 271.[14]

The Caloundra branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association was established in July 1937.[15][16]

The first female councillor was Miriam Westaway, who represented Division 5 from 29 April 1961 to 30 March 1973. She was one of the first teachers at Caloundra State School. She was active in community groups such as the RSL Women's Auxiliary and a founder of the Caloundra Branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association and the local branch of the Red Cross.[17]

During World War II, the area became key to Australian defence due to defensive positions along the beaches. Radar stations and machine gun pits were mounted, and Australian and US armed forces came to the area. From the early 1950s onwards, Caloundra experienced a boom in development and population, and by 1968, it had come to dominate the Shire of Landsborough so completely that the council chambers were relocated to Caloundra.[7]

The Caloundra Library opened in 1986 with a major refurbishment in 2017.[18]

Caloundra in the 1930s and 1950s


Heritage listings

Caloundra has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Suburbs

Caloundra is not strictly defined, but the boundary used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics for census purposes and the urban zone defined by the Sunshine Coast Regional Council (formerly the Caloundra City Council) almost exactly coincide. This region is bounded roughly by Currimundi Creek, Rainforest Drive and the Mooloolah River to the north, Beerwah State Forest and Bruce Highway to the west, the Pumicestone Passage (separating the area from Bribie Island) and the ocean to the east, and Bells Creek to the south. The central business district (CBD) for the area is located on Bulcock Street, Caloundra.

Panoramic view of Caloundra

The Caloundra urban centre consists of the following suburbs:

Climate
Climate data for Caloundra, Queensland
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.6
(99.7)		 35.2
(95.4)		 33.8
(92.8)		 32.5
(90.5)		 29.6
(85.3)		 26.5
(79.7)		 27.0
(80.6)		 28.4
(83.1)		 33.3
(91.9)		 32.2
(90.0)		 34.6
(94.3)		 35.5
(95.9)		 37.6
(99.7)
Average high °C (°F) 27.6
(81.7)		 27.2
(81.0)		 26.4
(79.5)		 24.6
(76.3)		 22.2
(72.0)		 19.8
(67.6)		 19.3
(66.7)		 20.3
(68.5)		 22.3
(72.1)		 24.1
(75.4)		 25.4
(77.7)		 27.0
(80.6)		 23.8
(74.8)
Average low °C (°F) 21.4
(70.5)		 21.2
(70.2)		 19.9
(67.8)		 17.4
(63.3)		 14.9
(58.8)		 11.7
(53.1)		 10.8
(51.4)		 11.6
(52.9)		 13.9
(57.0)		 16.5
(61.7)		 18.5
(65.3)		 20.3
(68.5)		 16.5
(61.7)
Record low °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0)		 15.3
(59.5)		 13.4
(56.1)		 9.3
(48.7)		 6.4
(43.5)		 4.3
(39.7)		 3.3
(37.9)		 5.0
(41.0)		 6.8
(44.2)		 9.2
(48.6)		 11.7
(53.1)		 12.7
(54.9)		 3.3
(37.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 174.0
(6.85)		 202.4
(7.97)		 208.0
(8.19)		 172.9
(6.81)		 170.3
(6.70)		 102.4
(4.03)		 89.2
(3.51)		 60.8
(2.39)		 54.3
(2.14)		 81.1
(3.19)		 113.3
(4.46)		 147.4
(5.80)		 1,578.3
(62.14)
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[22]

Transport

The region of the Sunshine Coast, including Caloundra, is serviced by the Sunshine Coast Airport, located at Marcoola. A smaller regional airport is also located at Caloundra.

Caloundra's suburbs are served by Sunbus Sunshine Coast, who operate the Caloundra bus station in Cooma Terrace in the CBD. Bus routes 600, 602, 603, 605, 607, 609 connect Caloundra to Kawana Waters, Maroochydore, Buderim and Landsborough.[23]

Landsborough railway station on the Sunshine Coast line has regular services to Roma Street railway station in Brisbane, operated by Queensland Rail. There are several bus companies providing coach services from Caloundra to Brisbane Airport.

Population
Apartments along King's Beach

Census populations for the Caloundra urban centre have been recorded since 1933. Since the 2001 census, it is divided between the Caloundra North and Caloundra South statistical local areas. The drop between 1981 and 1986 reflects an adjustment of the boundary with the Kawana Waters urban centre.

Year Population
1933271
19471,718
19542,124
19612,807
19663,657
19716,150
197610,602
198116,758
198616,215
199122,959
199629,096
200134,879
200641,293
201147,762
201651,095

Industry

Tourism
Bullcock Beach, Pumicestone Passage and the Northern tip of Bribie Island
Ettamogah Pub located at Aussie World

Caloundra has a variety of beaches, providing amenity to the local residents and tourists.

  • Golden Beach is protected by Bribie Island to the east, and is used for swimming, windsurfing, boating and fishing. At low tide, Golden Beach and Bribie Island are relatively close.
  • Bulcock Beach which is a still water beach, has board-walks, piers and numerous restaurants, and is situated opposite the northern end of Bribie Island. The Des Dywer walking track is an oceanway that starts at Bulcock beach and follows the coastline on cliffs and boardwalks. The walking track ends at Moffat Beach north-east of Bulcock, and is about a one-hour walk. Bulcock Beach is patrolled by volunteer lifesavers from Ithaca–Caloundra City Life Saving Club.
  • Kings Beach, named for Allan King who ran a guest house in the area in 1888, is the main beach of Caloundra. Kings is patrolled all year round by Metropolitan – Caloundra Surf Life Saving Club and has a picnic and children's play area. Kings Beach also has a swimming pool which, whilst built to be separate from the ocean, is fed directly from seawater.
  • Shelly Beach is not a swimming beach, with the danger of wild rough waves and rocks. However, the northern and southern ends are safer for more advanced or supervised swimmers. Locals often find these places appropriate as, not only is it remote from the crowds of the adjacent King's beach, but local council laws allow dogs on the sand. On low tide, shells and rock pools can be found along the beach. Shelly is surrounded by residential housing with a maximum of five storeys.
  • Moffat Beach is not a patrolled beach, but Dicky Beach, located one kilometre north, has a surf lifesaving club and is patrolled year-round. Moffat Beach is surrounded by residential housing, cafes, a post office, a newsagent, parkland and apartments.
  • The surf beaches are Kings Beach and Dicky Beach which commence at the eastern end of Bulcock Beach, namely
    • Happy Valley (full east/south-east exposure) – Officially Happy Valley is part of and shown on maps as Bulcock Beach.
    • Kings Beach (E/SE)
    • Shelly Beach(E/NE)
    • Moffat Beach (E/NE)
    • Dicky Beach (E/NE)
  • On Caloundra's outskirts is Aussie World, located at the Glenview turnoff on the Bruce Highway.
  • Corbould Park Racetrack – Home of Sunshine Coast Turf Club which holds an important race meet during the Queensland Winter Racing Carnival, with the Group 3 Sunshine Coast Guineas and Listed Caloundra Cup.[24]

Amenities

The Sunshine Coast Regional Council operates a public library at 8 Omrah Avenue.[25]

The Caloundra branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 17 Kalinga Street.[26]

Awards

Caloundra has won the Australian Tidy Town Award in 2012.

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References
  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Caloundra (C) – Caloundra N. (Statistical Local Area)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
    * Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Caloundra (C) – Caloundra S. (Statistical Local Area)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  2. "Caloundra - town in Sunshine Coast Region (entry 5784)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  3. This Wikipedia article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Gubbi Gubbi". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  4. "Bulcock Beach's Rich History". Salt Magazine. Spring 2009. Archived from the original on 20 June 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  5. "Town of Caloundra". State Library of Queensland. 28 August 1883. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  6. "Plan of allotments in sections 4, 10, 11 & 12, town of Caloundra, and allotments in suburban sections 5, 6, 8, 9, 2a, 5a to 7a and 9a, Parish of Bribie (Caloundra)". State Library of Queensland. 7 January 1907. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  7. University of Queensland (2011). "Queensland Places: Caloundra". Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  8. "Bulcock Estate". State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 16 August 1917. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  9. "The Bulcock Estate". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 21 July 1917. p. 12. Retrieved 22 May 2020 – via Trove.
  10. "Bulcock Estate, Caloundra". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 9 August 1917. p. 8. Retrieved 22 May 2020 – via Trove.
  11. "Caloundra Heads Estate". State Library of Queensland. 20 December 1919. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  12. "Advertising". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 16 December 1919. p. 10. Retrieved 20 May 2020 – via Trove.
  13. "Caloundra Heads Estate : second section". State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  14. Commonwealth Statistician (1934). Census of the Commonwealth of Australia, 30 June 1933: Part VIII, Population and Occupied Dwellings in Localities. p. 14. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  15. "C.W.A. Branch Formed at Caloundra". Nambour Chronicle And North Coast Advertiser. XXXII (1730). Queensland, Australia. 30 July 1937. p. 5. Retrieved 1 January 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. "MALENY". The Telegraph. Queensland, Australia. 13 August 1937. p. 17 (CITY FINAL LAST MINUTE NEWS). Retrieved 1 January 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. Unknown (2012). "Landsborough Shire Councillor Miriam Westaway, ca 1965". Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  18. "Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. November 2017. p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  19. "Tripcony Hibiscus Caravan Park (entry 602708)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  20. "Caloundra Lighthouses (entry 602746)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  21. "Kings Beach Bathing Pavilion (entry 601513)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  22. "Climate Statistics for Caloundra, Queensland". Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  23. Translink Queensland. "All bus timetables". Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  24. "Winners and Past Results for the Sunshine Coast Guineas". Races.com (Australia). 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  25. "Caloundra Library". Sunshine Coast Regional Council. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  26. "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
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