Bisu language

Bisu
Native to	Thailand, China
Ethnicity	700 in Thailand (2007)[1]
Native speakers	240 in China (2005)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) Lolo–Burmese Loloish Southern Bisoid Phunoi–Bisu Bisu; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Thai script, Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3	bzi
Glottolog	bisu1244[2]

Bisu (Chinese: 毕苏语) is a Loloish language of Thailand, with a couple thousand speakers in China. Varieties are Bisu proper (Mbisu) and Laomian (Guba), considered by Pelkey to be distinct languages.

The Laomian are classified within the Lahu ethnic group; the Lahu proper call them the "Lawmeh" (Bradley 2007).

Distribution

According to Bisuyu Yanjiu 毕苏语研究 (2002), there are over 5,000 Bisu speakers in Yunnan, China, and a total of nearly 10,000 Bisu speakers in all countries combined. Within Yunnan, it is spoken mostly in Pu'er Prefecture, as well as neighboring parts of Xishuangbanna.

Lancang County 澜沧县
- Zhutang 竹塘乡
  - Dazhai 大寨, Laomian 老面[3] (see Laomian language)
- Laba 拉巴乡
- Donglang 东朗乡
- Fubang 富邦乡
Menghai County 勐海县
- Mengzhe 勐遮乡
  - Laopinzhai 老品寨[4] (see Laopin language)
Ximeng County 西盟县
- Lisuo 力锁乡
Menglian County 孟连县
- Nanya 南雅乡

In Thailand, two dialects of Bisu are spoken in the following villages of Phan District, Chiang Rai Province (Bisuyu Yanjiu 2002:152).

Dialect 1: Huai Chomphu village (also called Ban Huaisan) and Doi Pui village
Dialect 2: Phadaeng village

Another variety of Bisu differing from the Phayao variety is spoken in Takɔ (Ban Thako), Mae Suai District, Chiang Rai Province.

In Laos, Bisu (pi33 su44; also called Lao-Phai) is spoken in Phudokcham village, Phongxaly District.[5]

Orthography

In Thailand, the Bisu language is written with the Thai script.

Consonants

ก - k - [k]
ข - kh - [kʰ]
ค - g - [g]
ง - ŋ - [ŋ]
จ - č - [t͡ʃ]
ช - čh - [t͡ʃʰ]
ซ - s - [s]
ฌ - š - [ʃ]
ญ - ñ - [ɲ]
ฑ - th - [tʰ]
ฒ - c - [ts]
ด - d - [d]
ต - t - [t]
ธ - th - [tsʰ]
น - n - [n]
บ - b - [b]
ป - p - [p]
พ - ph - [pʰ]
ม - m - [m]
ย - y - [j]
ล - l - [l]
ว - w - [w]
อ - (none) - [-]
ฮ - h - [h]
ฮม - hm - [hm]
ฮน - hn - [hn]
ฮญ - hñ - [hɲ]
ฮง - hŋ - [hŋ]
ฮล - hl - [hl]
ฮย - hy - [hj][6]

Vowels

-ั - a - [a]
-า - aa - [aː]
-ิ - i - [i]
-ี - ii - [iː]
-ึ - ʉ - [ʉ]
-ื - ʉʉ - [ʉː]
-ุ - u - [u]
-ู - uu - [u
เ-็ - e - [e]
เ- - ee - [eː]
แ-็ - æ - [æ]
แ- - ææ - [æː]
โ-ะ - o - [o]
โ- - oo - [oː]
-็อ - ɔ - [ɔ]
-อ - ɔɔ - [ɔː]
เ-อะ - ə - [ə]
เ-ิ - əə - [əː]
เ-า - aw - [aw]
ไ- - ay - [aj][6]

Tones

-่ - low
- - mid
-้ - high

gollark: I love those!

gollark: It does also make some debugging more annoying when the HTML is just a solid block of nigh-unwhitespaced code.

gollark: The minifier osmarks.tk uses *does* do the unquoting thing, but the savings are minimal.

gollark: no.

gollark: EmacsOS is definitely TC.

References

Bisu at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bisu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=111581
http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=144437
Kingsadā, Thō̜ngphet, and Tadahiko Shintani. 1999. Basic Vocabularies of the Languages Spoken in Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
Bisu, Omniglot.

Bradley, David (2007). "Language Endangerment in China and Mainland Southeast Asia". In Matthias Brenzinger, ed. Language diversity endangered. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.