Phukha language
Phukha is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Phula people of Vietnam and China.[1]
Phukha | |
---|---|
Phula | |
Native to | China, Vietnam |
Ethnicity | 18,000 Phula people (undated – 2009)[1] |
Native speakers | 100,000 (2008–2011)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | phh |
Glottolog | phuk1235 [2] |
Phonology
Consonants
Phukha has the following consonants.[3]
Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central | Lateral | |||||||
Stops | Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||
Voiceless | p | t | k | |||||
Voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||
Affricates | Aspirated | tsʰ | tɬʰ | tʂʰ | tʃʰ | |||
Voiceless | ts | tɬ | tʂ | tʃ | ||||
Voiced | dɮ | |||||||
Fricatives | Voiceless | f | s | ɬ | ʂ | ʃ | χ | |
Voiced | v | z | ɮ | ʐ | ʒ | ʁ | ||
Voiced laryngealized | v* | z* | ʒ* | |||||
Nasals | m | n | ŋ | |||||
Approximants | w | l | j |
Vowels
Phukha has the following vowels.[3]
front | central | back unrounded | back rounded | |
---|---|---|---|---|
High | i | ɨ | ɯ | u |
Hi-Mid | e | ə | o | |
Lo-Mid | ɛ | ʌ | ɔ | |
Low | a |
Tones
Phukha has five tones:[3] high /˥/, mid /˧/, low /˨/, low-rising /˨˦/, and low-falling /˨˩/.
Notes
- Phukha at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Phukha". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Pelkey 2005.
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References
- Robert Wayne Fried. 2000. "A Preliminary Phonological Sketch of Phu-kha, a Tibeto-Burman Language Spoken in Northern Vietnam," University of Texas at Arlington MA thesis.
- Jamin R. Pelkey. 2005. "Puzzling over Phula: Toward the Synthesis and Statement of a Sub-Branch," Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 28/2:41-78.
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