Lolopo language
Lolopo (autonyms: lɔ21 lo33 pʰɔ21, lo31 lo31 pʰo31; Chinese: 倮倮泼; Central Yi) is a Loloish language spoken by half a million Yi people of China. Chinese linguists call it "Central Yi" as well, which is one of the six Yi languages recognized by the government of China.
Lolopo | |
---|---|
Central Yi | |
Native to | China |
Ethnicity | Yi |
Native speakers | 570,000 (2002–2007)[2] |
Yi script | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | ycl – inclusive codeIndividual code: ysp – Southern Lolopo[3] |
Glottolog | lolo1259 [4] |
Names
Lolo speakers are referred to by a variety of exonyms. Below is a list of exonyms followed by their respective autonyms and demographics.[5]
- Mili: lo21 lo33 pʰo21 (spoken by about 12,000 people in Jingdong County). Also called Alie.
- Enipu 厄尼蒲 (ɣɯ55 ni21 pa̠21 'water buffalo people', an offensive exonym used by Lalo speakers): lo21 lo33 pʰo21 (spoken in Nanjian County). Spoken by nearly 20,000 people in Weishan County (Qinghua Township) and Nanjian County (in Wuliang, Xiaowandong, and Langcang townships)
- Tu 土 (Tuzu 土族): lo21 lo33 pʰo21 (spoken by nearly 10,000 people in southern Xiangyun County)
- Qiangyi 羌夷: lɔ̠21 lɔ33 sɨ55 (spoken by nearly 15,000 people in northern and central Xiangyun County)
- Eastern Lalu: lo̠21 lo̠33 (spoken by nearly 20,000 people in Xinping County and Zhenyuan County)
- Lolo (of northeastern Binchuan County): lo̠21 lo33 pʰo21
- Xiangtang 香堂 (spoken in Zhenkang County). Widespread distribution in Jinggu, Zhenyuan, Pu'er, Jiangcheng, Mengla, Jinghong, and Zhenkang counties, with perhaps under 80,000 speakers.
- Lolo (of Nanhua County): lo̠21 lo̠33 pʰo21
- Lolo (of Yao'an County): lo21 la33 pʰo21
- Wotizo: wɔ21 ti33 zɔ21 (Yang 2010:7)[6]
Classification
Yang (2011) proposes this tentative internal classification of Lolo.
- Southern Lolo (?)
- Western Lolo (Southern Lolopo in Ethnologue, ISO 639 ysp)
- Xiangtang
- Jingdong Lolo (Mili)
- Southern Dali Lolo (Enipu)
- Nanhua Lolo
- Eastern Lalu
- Tu
- Binchuan Lolo (?)
- Yao'an Lolo (Qiangyi) (?)
The Chuxiong Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer (2013:364)[7] lists the following cognacy percentages between Lolopo 罗罗濮 and other Yi languages in Chuxiong Prefecture.
- Ache 阿车: 74.86% (211/282)
- Chesu 车苏: 55% (155/282)
- Luowu 罗武: 75.89% (214/282)
- Shansu 山苏: 78.4% (221/282)
- Lipo 里濮: 93.36% (253/271)
gollark: No, not a meta-instruction-pointer, there are instructions for instruction pointer forking/killing.
gollark: Idea: two (2)-dimensional esolang where you can arbitrarily create and unexist instruction pointers, and create warps.
gollark: ++jar you utterly.
gollark: ++jar
gollark: This is nonsense. Everyone knows that perfection was only achieved by the JS type system.
References
- Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
- Lolopo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Southern Lolopo[1] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) - Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Lolopo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Yang, Cathryn. 2011. Assessment of the Lolo languages: Current understanding and recommended next steps. m.s.
- Yang, Cathryn. 2010. Lalo regional varieties: Phylogeny, dialectometry, and sociolinguistics. Melbourne: La Trobe University PhD dissertation. http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.9/153015.
- 楚雄彝族自治州民族事务委员会编. 2013. 楚雄彝族自治州民族志. 云南民族出版社.
External links
- An audio recording of a word list in Lolopo is archived with Kaipuleohone
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