Swiss cuisine

Swiss cuisine is influenced by French, German and Northern Italian cuisine,[1] as well as by the history of Switzerland as a primarily agricultural country. As a result, many traditional Swiss dishes tend to be relatively plain and are made from basic ingredients, such as potatoes and Swiss cheese. The great cultural diversity within Switzerland is also reflected in the great number of regional or local specialties.

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Well-known Swiss dishes include raclette and fondue (molten cheese eaten with bread or potatoes), rösti (fried grated potatoes), muesli (an oatmeal breakfast dish) and Zürcher Geschnetzeltes (veal and mushrooms on a cream sauce).

Food and dishes
A cart displaying food produced in Switzerland.
Swiss chocolate often have entire aisles in Swiss supermarkets just for them, as this one in Interlaken

There are many regional dishes in Switzerland. One example is Zürcher Geschnetzeltes, thin strips of veal with mushrooms in a cream sauce served with Rösti. Italian cuisine is popular in contemporary Switzerland, particularly pasta and pizza. Foods often associated with Switzerland include particular types of cheese and milk chocolate. Swiss cheeses, in particular Emmental cheese, Gruyère, Vacherin, and Appenzeller, are famous Swiss products. The most popular cheese dishes are fondue and raclette. Both these dishes were originally regional dishes, but were popularized by the Swiss Cheese Union to boost sales of cheese.

Rösti is a popular potato dish that is eaten all over Switzerland. It was originally a breakfast food, but this has been replaced by the muesli, which is commonly eaten for breakfast and in Switzerland goes by the name of "Birchermüesli" ("Birchermiesli" in some regions). For breakfast and dinner many Swiss enjoy sliced bread with butter and jam. There is a wide variety of bread rolls available in Switzerland. Bread and cheese is a popular dish for dinner.

Tarts and quiches are also traditional Swiss dishes. Tarts in particular are made with all sorts of toppings, from sweet apple to onion.

In the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland, the Ticino area, one will find a type of restaurant unique to the region. The Grotto is a rustic eatery, offering traditional food ranging from pasta to homemade meat specialties. Popular dishes are Luganighe and Luganighetta, a type of artisan sausages. Authentic grottoes are old wine caves re-functioned into restaurants. Due to their nature they are mostly found in or around forests and built against a rocky background. Typically, the facade is built from granite blocks and the outside tables and benches are made of the same stone as well. Grottoes are popular with locals and tourists alike, especially during the hot summer months.[2]

Recipes from the French part of Switzerland
  • Carac: A Swiss shortcrust chocolate
  • Fondue: Melted cheese served in a communal pot, which small pieces of bread or potatoes are dipped into.
  • Malakoff: Fried cheese balls or sticks from the canton of Vaud.
  • Meringue: Swiss Meringue with double cream from Gruyère.
  • Papet vaudois: the canton of Vaud is home to this filling dish of leeks and potatoes (hence the name vaudois). It is usually served with Saucisse au chou (cabbage sausage).
  • Raclette: Hot cheese scraped over potatoes, served with small gherkins, pickled onions etc.
  • Malakoffs
  • Papet vaudois
  • Dipping a cheese fondue with a long-stemmed fork

Recipes from the German part of Switzerland
  • Aargauer Rüblitorte mit Zitronenzuckerguss (AG)
  • Älplermagronen (Alpine herdsman's macaroni): This dish is a frugal all-in-one dish making use of the ingredients the herdsmen had at hand in their alpine cottages: macaroni, potatoes, onions, small pieces of bacon, and melted cheese. Traditionally Älplermagronen is served with applesauce instead of vegetables or salad.
  • Zürcher Geschnetzeltes (English: cut meat, Zurich style; French: émincé de veau a la Zurichoise). This dish typically consists of sliced strips of veal in a creamy white wine sauce. Zürcher Geschnetzeltes is often served with Rösti.
  • Appenzeller Käsefladen
  • Appenzeller Mostbröckli
  • Basler Mehlsuppe (BS)
  • Basler Käsewähe (BS)
  • Basler Läckerli (Basel)
  • Bauernbrot
  • Berner Platte (BE)
  • Berner Rösti (BE)
  • Berner Lebkuchen (BE)
  • Biber(li) (Appenzell)
  • Bünder Nusstorte (GR)
  • Bündnerfleisch (GR)
  • Emmental Apple Rösti (German: Emmentaler Apfelrösti: Made from old bread, apple, and sugar, this used to be a very popular sweet dish made from leftovers, since the ingredients were usually at hand and the preparation is very simple. The recipe comes from the Emmental ("Emmen Valley") in canton of Bern, the home of the famous Emmentaler cheese.
  • Fotzel slices (German: Fotzelschnitten): Nobody really knows how this dish got its name. Literally, "Fotzel" means a torn-off scrap of paper. Stale bread can be used to make fotzel slices, which made it an ideal recipe for homemakers accustomed to never throwing bread away.
  • Cholera (VS)
  • Cordon Bleu
  • Fasnachtschüechli
  • Fastenwähe (BS)
  • Fleischvogel
  • Gehacktes mit Hörnli
  • Glarner Birnbrot (GL)
  • Gsottene/Gsottus (VS)
  • Kalberwurst (GL): A sausage with a distinctive, creamy flavor that originated in the canton of Glarus, kalberwurst is made with veal, milk, ground crackers, and mild spices. It has a smooth texture and mild taste, and although most sausages are smoked, kalberwurst is not. It is often cooked with onions and gravy.
  • Kappeler Milchsuppe: Milk soup.
  • Landjäger: A semi-dried sausage traditionally made in Switzerland, but also in Southern Germany, Austria, and Alsace. It is popular as a snack food during activities such as hiking. It also has a history as soldier's food because it keeps without refrigeration and comes in single-meal portions. Landjäger tastes similar to dried salami.
  • Innerschwyzer Chäs-Chueche
  • Innerschweizer Zigerchrapfen
  • Luzerner Birrenbrot (LU)
  • Luzerner Chügelipastetli (LU)
  • Luzerner Lebkuchen (LU)
  • Magenbrot (BS)
  • Meitschibei (BE)
  • Meringue (Meiringen)
  • Birchermuesli: "Birchermüesli" was invented by Dr. Maximilian Oskar Bircher-Benner (1867-1939), a pioneer of organic medicine and wholefoods.
  • Neuenburger Wurst im Schlafrock
  • Nüsslisalat
  • Nussstengeli
  • Osterfladen
  • Rahmschnitzel
  • Riz Casimir is a preparation of rice with curry sauce and minced pork blended with tropical fruits: pineapple, banana and cherries, sometimes with currant grape. It was first served in 1952 by the international chain of hotel and resorts Mövenpick.
  • Rösti: This simple potato dish in many variations, similar to hash browns, is traditionally regarded as a Swiss German favorite. It has given its name to the "Rösti Ditch", the imaginary line of cultural demarcation between the German and French regions of Switzerland. However, it is also eaten by the French-speaking Swiss.
  • Nidelwähe
  • Nidwaldner Lebkuchen (NW)
  • Ribel (Rheintal)
  • Schinkengipfel(i)
  • Schwyzer Krapfen (SZ)
  • St. Galler (Kalbs)bratwurst (Veal Sausage, SG)
  • St. Galler Brot (SG)
  • St. Galler Schüblig (SG)
  • suuri Lääberli (Basel)
  • Tirggel (ZH) are traditional Christmas biscuits from Zurich. Made from flour and honey, they are thin, hard, and sweet.
  • Zopf (bread): There are dozens of types of bread in Switzerland. However, Zopf is a typical Swiss specialty for Sundays.
  • Vermicelles
  • Wähe/Kuchen/Dünnen/Fladen/Gateau
  • Walliser Roggenbrot (VS)
  • Schweizer Wurstsalat
  • Wurzelbrot
  • Zibelechueche (BE)
  • Zuger Kirschtorte (ZG)
  • Rösti with a parsley garnish
  • Zopf
  • Muesli was invented in Switzerland
  • Emmental originated in Switzerland

Recipes from the Italian part of Switzerland
  • Polenta: For centuries polenta was regarded as a meal for the poor. Corn was introduced to the south of what is now canton of Ticino as long ago as the beginning of the 17th century, which led to a change in the monotonous cuisine. But it took another 200 years before polenta - at first made of mixed flour, only later of pure cornmeal - became the staple dish of the area.
  • Saffron Risotto is a common dish from Ticino, the southernmost canton of Switzerland.[3]
  • Pizzoccheri
  • Polenta
  • Pizzocheri
  • Saffron risotto

Recipes from the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland
  • Bündner Nusstorte: There are several different recipes for nut cake, but the most famous is probably the one from the Engadine, a valley in canton of Graubünden.
  • Chur Meat Pie: A popular dish from Graubünden in south eastern Switzerland
  • Bündner Barley Soup: The most famous soup from Graubünden
  • Capuns: Speciality of western Graubünden
  • Pizokel with cabbage: Pizokel were eaten in a wide variety of ways. In some places when eaten by themselves they are known in Romansh as "bizochels bluts", or “bald pizokel”. If someone leaves a small amount of any kind of food on the serving dish for politeness's sake, in the Engadine this is called "far sco quel dal bizoccal", meaning more or less “leaving the last pizokel”.

Haute cuisine

In the 2005 Michelin Guide, Switzerland ranked 2nd worldwide in terms of stars awarded per capita.[4]

Beverages
Müller-Thurgau grapes are used to create Riesling X Sylvaner, a common white wine in Switzerland

Rivella, a carbonated Swiss drink based on lactose, is one of the most popular drinks in Switzerland. Apple juice, both still and sparkling, is popular in many areas of Switzerland, and is also produced in the form of apple cider. The chocolate drink Ovomaltine (known in the USA as "Ovaltine") originates in Switzerland and enjoys ongoing popularity, particularly with young people. Aside from being a beverage, the powder is also eaten sprinkled on top of a slice of buttered bread.

A reservoir glass filled with a naturally coloured verte absinthe, next to an absinthe spoon

Wine is produced in many regions of Switzerland, particularly the Valais, the Vaud, the Ticino and the canton of Zurich. Riesling X Sylvaner is a common white wine produced in German-speaking parts of the country, while Chasselas is the most common white wine in the French-speaking parts of the country. Pinot noir is the most popular red grape in both the French-speaking and the German-speaking part, while this position is held by Merlot in the Italian-speaking part.

Absinthe is being distilled officially again in its Val-de-Travers birthplace, in the Jura region of Switzerland, where it originated. Long banned by a specific anti-Absinthe article in the Swiss Federal Constitution, it was legalized again in 2005, with the adoption of the new constitution. Now Swiss absinthe is also exported to many countries, with Kübler and La Clandestine Absinthe amongst the first new brands to emerge. Wine and beer can legally be purchased by youths of 16 or more years of age. Spirits and beverages containing distilled alcohol (including wine coolers like Bacardi Breezer) can be bought at 18.

Damassine is a liqueur produced by distillation of the Damassine prune from the Damassinier tree and is produced in the canton of Jura.

Bon Pere William is a famous regional Swiss brandy produced from pears, alcohol 43% by volume. It is usually paired with fondue or raclette dishes or taken after dinner, sometimes poured in coffee with dessert. Some bottles are available with the full size pear inside the bottle, grown with the bud placed in the bottle.[5] There are many other types of regional brandies made from local fruit, the most popular being cherries (kirschwasser).

Switzerland has the seventh highest per capita coffee consumption worldwide.[6]

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See also

Notes and references
  1. Tourismus, Schweiz. "Typical food". Switzerland Tourism. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  2. "IL GROTTO TICINESE - Ticino.ch". archive.org. 27 September 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  3. Expatica (2016). "Top 10 Swiss foods – with recipes".
  4. Andy Hayler's Michelin Restaurant Guide, 2005 Archived 2007-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
  5. "Cocktailsspiritsliquors.com". www.cocktailsspiritsliquors.com. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  6. Jones, Lora (2018-04-13). "Coffee: Who grows, drinks and pays the most?". BBC News. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
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