Crime in Switzerland

Crime in Switzerland is combated mainly by cantonal police. The Federal Office of Police investigates organised crime, money laundering and terrorism.

Swiss police in Geneva

Crime statistics

In Switzerland, police registered a total of 432,000 offenses under the Criminal Code in 2019 (-0.2% compared with previous year), of which were 110,140 or 25.5% cases of thefts (excluding vehicles, -2.0%), and 41,944 or 9.7% cases of thefts of vehicles (including bicycles, -10.1%), 46 killings and 161 attempted murders. The number of cases of rape increased by 53 or 8.5% over the previous year. The number of criminal pornography offenses increased by 56.1% to 2,837. Offenses against the Narcotics Act decreased by 0.7% to 75,757. Of offenses against the Federal Act on Foreign Nationals 25,076 or about 67.7% were for illegally .[1]

In 2014, 110,124 adults were convicted, of which 55,240 (50%) were convicted according to traffic regulation offences, 6,540 (+1.6%) for trafficking in narcotic substances, and 17,882 (-7.2%) for offenses against the Federal Act on Foreign Nationals.[2] 83,014 or 83.4% of adult convicted people are male, and 42,289 or 42.5% of them Swiss citizens.[3] In the same year, 11,484 minors (78% of them male, 68% of them of Swiss nationality, 64.2% aged either 16 or 17) were convicted.[3]

Convictions for infliction of bodily harm have steadily increased throughout the 1990s and 2000s, with 23 convictions for serious injury and 831 for light injury in 1990 as opposed to 78 and 2,342, respectively, in 2005. Convictions for rape have also slightly increased, fluctuating between 500 and 600 cases per year in the period 1985 to 1995, but between 600 and 700 cases in the period 2000 to 2005. Consistent with these trends, convictions for threats or violence directed against officials has consistently risen in the same period, from 348 in 1990 to 891 in 2003.[4][5]

Types of convictions

The number of convicted persons is given in the following tables.[6] Each class of crime references the relevant section of the Strafgesetzbuch (Criminal Code, abbreviated as StGB in German), or Betäubungsmittelgesetz (abbr. BetmG, Narcotics Act), or the Strassenverkehrsgesetz (abbr. SVG, Swiss Traffic Regulations).

Year	Total Convicted Adults (StGB only)	Homicide (Art. 111,112,113,116 StGB)	Serious Bodily Injury (Art. 122 StGB)	Minor Bodily Injury (Art. 123 StGB)	Sexual Contact with Children (Art. 187 StGB)	Rape (Art. 190 StGB)	Theft (Art. 139 StGB)	Robbery (Art. 140 StGB)	Receiving Stolen Goods (Art. 160 StGB)	Embezzlement (Art. 138 StGB)	Fraud (Art. 146 StGB)	Narcotics Possession	Major Violation of Traffic Laws (Art. 90 Abs. 1&2 SVG)	Impaired Driving (Art. 91 SVG)
2005	26,200	106	95	2,438	416	110	5,968	498	1,249	907	1,468	5,508	22,013	16,466
2006	26,428	116	108	2,553	389	134	5,892	574	1,184	863	1,512	5,419	21,725	20,900
2007	24,184	104	93	2,283	387	136	5,505	532	943	805	1,587	5,073	21,431	20,083
2008	26,025	102	134	2,622	408	133	5,732	537	914	840	1,641	5,349	25,184	20,376
2009	27,497	100	130	2,665	384	131	6,393	553	943	847	1,555	5,491	25,472	19,483
2010	28,603	96	152	2,690	331	134	6,669	611	911	783	1,746	6,104	25,960	20,421
2011	29,645	84	137	2,775	276	87	7,074	464	1,033	726	1,831	4,851	24,040	19,127
2012	34,270	117	188	2,902	298	110	9,026	534	1,347	756	1,994	5,795	23,248	18,662
2013	35,726	121	187	2,892	322	99	9,577	683	1,440	676	2,332	6,119	22,584	17,625
2014	34,335	123	235	2,768	318	109	8,557	584	1,154	694	2,253	6,384	24,838	17,327
2015	32,992	115	239	2,581	350	104	7,491	528	946	693	2,434	6,746	23,881	16,728
2016^a	32,378	91	206	2,471	294	86	7,028	408	804	693	2,294	6,354	22,473	16,720

^a 2016 conviction numbers may not include convictions overturned on appeal.

^ Due to privacy protection laws some convictions are not included.

Year	Total Convicted Minors (StGB only)	Homicide (Art. 111,112,113,116 StGB)	Serious Bodily Injury (Art. 122 StGB)	Minor Bodily Injury (Art. 123 StGB)	Sexual Contact with Children (Art. 187 StGB)	Rape (Art. 190 StGB)	Theft (Art. 139 StGB)	Robbery (Art. 140 StGB)	Receiving Stolen Goods (Art. 160 StGB)	Embezzlement (Art. 138 StGB)	Fraud (Art. 146 StGB)	Narcotics Possession	Major Violation of Traffic Laws (Art. 90 Abs. 1&2 SVG)	Impaired Driving (Art. 91 SVG)
2005	7,580	7	10	634	73	14	3,528	375	400	34	65	918	124	180
2006	7,768	7	22	644	118	19	3,417	330	390	35	51	1,019	125	188
2007	6,912	7	21	701	102	20	2,190	285	285	21	47	680	117	141
2008	6,976	4	24	688	80	17	1,999	334	272	17	57	560	101	125
2009	6,930	7	24	664	73	5	2,031	366	315	19	57	600	142	105
2010	7,614	13	36	770	71	17	2,411	413	242	19	51	566	120	141
2011	5,428	2	31	551	65	5	1,589	259	155	10	49	507	138	152
2012	5,073	2	34	476	69	8	1,624	305	165	25	56	555	74	124
2013	5,193	4	31	408	75	22	1,664	324	171	26	90	691	72	95
2014	4,912	3	33	393	66	9	1,388	240	162	25	70	832	91	126
2015	4,518	4	28	342	89	5	1,387	196	146	17	73	972	127	105
2016^a	4,613	6	47	342	69	11	1,415	161	151	15	93	879	86	111

^a 2016 conviction numbers may not include convictions overturned on appeal.

^ Due to privacy protection laws some convictions are not included.

Historic conviction rates

The historic adult conviction rates are given in the following chart:[6]

Year	Total Adult Convictions	Criminal Convictions			Narcotics Convictions			Traffic Convictions
		Total	Male	Swiss	Total	Male	Swiss	Total	Male	Swiss
1985	46,252	20,272	81.1%	66.8%	3,855	81.3%	69.9%	22,125	89.6%	74.5%
1990	52,030	19,810	80.2%	57.1%	4,176	81.8%	61.4%	28,044	88.5%	67.2%
1995	57,478	17,824	83.3%	55.0%	5,442	84.1%	53.7%	34,212	86.5%	63.3%
2000	68,654	20,614	85.2%	49.5%	6,798	70.7%	34.6%	41,242	85.0%	60.3%
2005	80,484	26,199	84.7%	49.7%	6,847	71.6%	33.3%	47,438	84.0%	55.5%
2006	85,477	26,583	84.8%	50.2%	6,792	70.1%	34.7%	52,102	83.7%	54.8%
2007	80,299	24,265	85.0%	51.3%	6,051	74.4%	35.3%	49,983	84.4%	53.9%
2008	88,147	26,327	84.5%	51.0%	6,240	77.2%	36.8%	55,580	83.5%	52.6%
2009	89,542	27,727	84.7%	48.5%	6,430	76.8%	34.8%	55,385	83.3%	52.4%
2010	93,187	28,691	84.0%	47.4%	7,006	78.7%	33.7%	57,490	83.0%	51.6%
2011	87,222	29,128	83.5%	44.9%	5,401	78.2%	32.6%	52,693	83.3%	50.6%
2012	95,702	33,925	83.8%	41.5%	6,562	80.0%	30.6%	55,215	82.0%	50.3%
2013	97,706	35,325	83.3%	40.3%	7,141	77.5%	28.9%	55,240	81.6%	48.8%
2014^a	98,582	32,911	82.6%	41.3%	7,392	76.2%	30.4%	58,279	80.4%	48.1%

^a 2014 conviction numbers may not include convictions overturned on appeal.

Age at conviction

The age of the individuals at the time of their convictions is given in this chart:[6]

Year	18-19	20-24	25-29	30-34	35-39	40-44	45-49	50-59	60-69	70+
1985	7.9%	26.8%	18.6%	13.6%	10.4%	7.7%	5.4%	6.4%	2.5%	0.7%
1990	6.6%	26.4%	20.7%	14.5%	9.9%	7.5%	5.4%	6.1%	2.2%	0.7%
1995	5.4%	21.4%	20.8%	15.5%	11.5%	8.6%	6.5%	7.1%	2.5%	0.8%
2000	6.5%	19.3%	17.1%	15.5%	12.5%	9.7%	7.2%	8.3%	3.1%	0.9%
2005	7.2%	20.7%	15.4%	13.5%	12.4%	10.5%	7.4%	8.8%	3.1%	1.0%
2006	7.4%	20.6%	15.0%	12.6%	12.0%	10.7%	7.9%	9.2%	3.6%	1.0%
2007	7.5%	20.5%	15.0%	12.2%	12.1%	10.6%	7.9%	9.6%	3.5%	1.2%
2008	6.9%	20.7%	15.3%	12.2%	11.5%	10.1%	8.2%	9.7%	3.9%	1.4%
2009	7.2%	21.0%	15.9%	12.4%	11.2%	10.1%	8.1%	9.0%	3.8%	1.4%
2010	7.1%	20.7%	16.1%	12.3%	11.1%	10.2%	8.0%	9.5%	3.7%	1.4%
2011	6.5%	20.8%	16.8%	12.7%	11.0%	9.5%	7.9%	9.2%	4.0%	1.4%
2012	6.2%	19.9%	17.0%	13.7%	10.7%	9.5%	7.8%	9.3%	4.2%	1.7%
2013	5.9%	18.8%	17.3%	13.9%	11.0%	9.6%	8.2%	9.8%	3.9%	1.6%
2014^a	5.4%	17.7%	16.6%	14.2%	11.4%	9.6%	8.6%	10.4%	4.4%	1.8%

^a 2014 conviction numbers may not include convictions overturned on appeal.

Prisons

At the end of 2006, 5,888 people were interned in Swiss prisons, one third of them on remand, 31% of them Swiss citizens, 69% resident foreigners or illegal immigrants; excluding remand: 36% Swiss or 32 in 100,000, 64% foreigners or 160 in 100,000.

Crime by type

Money laundering

See also: Banking in Switzerland

Swiss banks have served as safe havens for the wealth of dictators, despots, mobsters, arms dealers, corrupt officials, and tax cheats of all kinds.[7][8][9]

Money laundering is a criminal offence punishable by the criminal authorities (Art. 305bis of the Swiss Criminal Code).[10] According to the Money Laundering Reporting Office Switzerland in 2017, official "suspicious activity reports" reached nearly 4,700 (worth $16.2 billion) from 2,909 reported cases in 2016.[11] In 1989, the Swiss Justice Minister had to step down, following allegation of money laundering by her husband. This was the largest case of drug related money laundering to become public.[12]

Terrorism financing

See also: Terrorism in Switzerland

Regulation of money laundering in Switzerland includes the Federal Act on Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing in the Financial Sector (Anti-Money Laundering Act, AMLA) which requires financial intermediaries such as investment banks or insurance companies to comply with due diligence and disclosure requirements.[10]

According to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's office and media, in the 1990s and early 2000s Al Qaeda members had accounts at Swiss banks, including UBS.[13][14]

Drugs

See also: Legal status of cocaine

As of 2017 drug use was the most common reason why people aged 10–18 were reported by police (being filed, being fined, or reported to justice), however dealing has been diminished since 2010.[15]

According to Addiction Panorama, “Illegal substances can be found in cities quickly and relatively easily”.[16]

Cannabis use among adolescents and young adults in Switzerland has increased significantly within ten years. In 2017, 9% of adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 reported having used cannabis in the past month.[17] The figures are much higher in the 20-24 age bracket, with 14% of men and 6.5% of women saying they had consumed cannabis in the past 30 days.[18]

According to a recent study, 5 Swiss cities (St Gallen, Bern, Zurich, Basel and Geneva) were listed among top 10 European cities for cocaine use.[19][20]

Swiss authorities, including CHUV, estimate that dealers and traffickers make profits of $28.1-29.1 million a year in Vaud alone.[21][22]

Analysis of Swiss police records suggests that participants in medical drug rehabilitation programs tend to reduce cocaine, cannabis and heroin use,[23] and the need to commit other crimes to buy their drugs, such as shoplifting, burglary or car theft.[24][25]

Homicide

Further information: List of countries by intentional homicide rate

In 2019, there were 161 attempted and 46 completed homicides, for a homicide rate of 0.54 per 100,000 population. Of the 207 cases, 105 were committed with bladed weapons, 20 with firearms and 47 unarmed. Out of 229 identified suspects; 197 were male, 126 (55%) were foreigners of which 72 had permanent residence. 29 cases (63%) of completed and 50 cases (31%) of attempted homicide were classed as domestic violence.[1]

Cybercriminality

In 2016, 14,033 cybercrime cases were reported to police in Switzerland, compared to 11,575 in 2015 and 5,330 in 2011.[26] Swiss media reported that over three million Swiss email usernames and associated passwords are available on the net since 2019. These include login details of government ministers, government employees and the military.[27]

In 2019, computer-related infractions include the fraudulent misuse of a computer (5,583 cases in 2019, a rise of 598 relative to 2018) and pornography-related offenses (2,387 cases, a jump of over 50%).[28]

Sex crimes

The Swiss legal definition of rape is "an assault during vaginal sexual intercourse with a woman", thus exempting men from the status of rape victims. [29]

Sex with children

Cases of sexual abuse reported in the Catholic church rose from 9 cases in 2012 to 65 in 2017 (63% of victims were 16 or younger and 27% were 12 or younger).[30] [31]

Hate crimes

See also: Immigration to Switzerland § Racism

In Switzerland public discrimination or invoking to rancor against persons or a group of people because of their race, ethnicity, is getting penalized with a term of imprisonment until 3 years or a mulct. In 1934, the authorities of the Basel-Stadt canton criminalized anti-Jewish hate speech, e.g., the accusation of ritual murders, mostly in reaction against a pro-Nazi antisemitic group and newspaper, the Volksbund.[32]

In 2019, over 350 racist incidents were reported to the authorities. These cases relate to xenophobia (145 cases), anti-Black discrimination (132 cases) and anti-Muslim discrimination (55 cases), which is a "small percentage" of the overall racist incidences in Switzerland according to the authorities. [33]

Corruption

Main article: Corruption in Switzerland

Council of Europe's Group of State Against Corruption (GRECO) in its evaluation report noted that specificities of Switzerland's institutions which enjoy considerable public confidence. It underlines, however, that the very organisation of the system allows subtle pressure to be exerted on politicians and the judiciary.[34]

Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index ranks Switzerland as the 5th least corrupt state out of 180 countries.[35]

In 2018 the Tax Justice Network ranked Switzerland's banking sector as the "most corrupt" in the world due to a large offshore banking industry and very strict secrecy laws. The ranking attempts to measure how much assistance the country's legal systems provide to money laundering, and to protecting corruptly obtained wealth.[36][37]

Crime dynamics

Immigrant criminality

The crime rate among resident foreigners ("immigrant criminality") is significantly higher (by a factor 3.7 counting convictions under criminal law in 2003).[38] In 1997, there were for the first time more foreigners than Swiss among the convicts under criminal law (out of a fraction of 20.6% of the total population at the time). In 1999, the Federal Department of Justice and Police ordered a study regarding delinquency and nationality (Arbeitsgruppe "Ausländerkriminalität"), which in its final report (2001) found that a conviction rate under criminal law about 12 times higher among asylum seekers (4%), while the conviction rate among other resident foreigners was about twice as high (0.6%) compared to Swiss citizens (0.3%).[39]

Individuals convicted of violations of the Strafgesetzbuches (StGB)[40]

Year	Total persons convicted	Total adults convicted	Swiss adults convicted	Total non-citizen adults convicted	Percentage of Non-citizen adult convictions	B, C and Ci visa holders convicted	Other immigration status	Unknown immigration status
1999	27,493	21,101	10,314	10,787	51.1%	^a	^a	^a
2000	26,692	20,609	10,201	10,408	50.5%	^a	^a	^a
2001	26,804	20,052	10,233	9,819	49.0%	^a	^a	^a
2002	27,930	20,925	10,307	10,618	50.7%	^a	^a	^a
2003	30,068	22,966	11,115	11,851	51.6%	^a	^a	^a
2004	33,167	25,559	12,357	13,202	51.7%	^a	^a	^a
2005	33,778	26,198	13,025	13,173	50.3%	^a	^a	^a
2006	34,350	26,582	13,347	13,235	49.8%	^a	^a	^a
2007	31,189	24,280	12,455	11,825	48.7%	^a	^a	^a
2008	33,326	26,350	13,433	12,917	49.0%	6,746	4,619	1,552
2009	34,683	27,752	13,452	14,300	51.5%	7,397	5,410	1,493
2010	36,318	28,702	13,612	15,090	52.6%	7,377	6,228	1,485
2011	34,591	29,162	13,108	16,054	55.1%	7,317	7,366	1,371
2012	39,043	33,969	14,095	19,874	58.5%	7,989	9,922	1,963
2013	40,726	35,528	14,309	21,219	59.7%	8,345	10,568	2,306
2014	38,906	33,995	14,052	19,943	58.7%	8,577	9,362	2,004
2015 ^b	36,017	31,560	13,423	18,137	57.5%	8,151	8,305	1,681

^a Specific immigration status not collected

^b Final number may change due to appeals and trials still in progress

In 2010 for the first time was a statistic published which listed delinquency by nationality (based on 2009 data). To avoid distortions due to demographic structure, only the male population aged between 18 and 34 was considered for each group. From this study it became clear that crime rate is highly correlated on the country of origin of the various migrant groups. Thus, immigrants from Germany, France and Austria had a significantly lower crime rate than Swiss citizens (60% to 80%), while immigrants from Angola, Nigeria and Algeria had a crime rate of above 600% of that of Swiss population. In between these extremes were immigrants from Former Yugoslavia, with crime rates of between 210% and 300% of the Swiss value.[41]

The full report listed 24 nationalities plus the crime rate of Swiss citizens (fixed at 100%), and the average value of all foreign citizens combined, at 160%. Commentators expressed surprise[42] at the clear geographical structure of the list, giving, in decreasing order, Africa, the Middle East and the Balkans, Southern Europe and Western and Central Europe. The Federal Statistics Office published the study with the caveat that the sizes of the groups under comparison vary considerably. For example, the net impact of a crime rate increased by 530% among 500 Angolans will still be five times smaller than a crime rate increased by 30% among 46'000 Portuguese. The country is a target for foreign criminals on account of its reputation as an affluent nation. According to British criminal Colin Blaney in his autobiography 'Undesirables', groups of English thieves have frequently targeted the nation in the past due to the fact its citizens are relatively wealthy and the fact that they are naïve about crime due to the country's low crime rate.[43]

rank	country of origin	crime rate (relative value)	registered population (thousands)[44]	male young adults (thousands)[45]
1	Angola	6.3	4.4	0.54
2	Nigeria	6.2	2.9	1.5
3	Algeria	6.0	4.1	1.2
4	Côte d'Ivoire	5.9	1.7	0.44
5	Dominican Republic	5.8	5.9	1.0
6	Sri Lanka	4.7	31	4.4
7	Congo (Kinshasa)	4.7	5.8	0.78
8	Cameroon	4.4	4.3	0.97
9	Morocco	4.3	7.4	1.6
10	Tunisia	4.2	6.3	2.1
11	Iraq	3.7	8.0	2.9
12	Colombia	3.2	4.2	0.71
13	Turkey	3.2	73	16
14	the former Serbia and Montenegro (includes Kosovo)	3.1	188	36
15	Brazil	3.0	17	2.5
16	Egypt	2.7	2.1	0.81
17	Croatia	2.4	35	5.0
18	Bosnia and Herzegovina	2.3	37	6.2
19	North Macedonia	2.3	60	12
	total foreign national population	1.6	1,714	330
20	Portugal	1.3	213	46
21	Italy	1.2	294	49
22	Switzerland	1.0	6,072	710
23	Austria	0.8	38	5.8
24	France	0.7	95	21
25	Germany	0.6	266	62

On 28 November 2010, 53% of voters approved a new, tougher deportation law. This law, proposed by the Swiss People's Party, called for the automatic expulsion of non-Swiss offenders convicted of a number of crimes, including murder, breaking and entry and even welfare fraud. As the proposal makes deportation mandatory, it denies judges any judicial discretion over deportation. An alternative proposal, that included case by case reviews and integration measures, was rejected by 54% of voters.[46]

See also

• Law enforcement in Switzerland
• Swiss Criminal Code
• Gun laws in Switzerland

Notes and references

1. "Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik (PKS) - Jahresbericht 2019" (PDF) (official federal site) (in French, German, and Italian). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office (SFO). 2020. pp. 13, 26, 35–40. ISBN 978-3-303-19082-1. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
2. "Kriminalität, Strafvollzug – Daten, Indikatoren; Verurteilungen: Jugendliche und Erwachsene; Verurteilungen 2013 - 2014" (official federal site) (in German and French). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 30 April 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-14.
3. "Kriminalität, Strafvollzug – Daten, Indikatoren; Verurteilungen: Jugendliche und Erwachsene; Verurteilte Personen 2014" (official federal site) (in German and French). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 30 April 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-14.
4. Swiss Federal Statistics Office
5. "Swiss Federal Statistics Office". Archived from the original on 2007-12-04. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
6. Kriminalität, Strafvollzug – Daten, Indikatoren: Verurteile Personen: Jugendliche und Erwachsene (in German) accessed 27 October 2017
7. "Banking: A Crack In The Swiss Vault". 60 Minutes. CBS. December 30, 2009. Archived from the original on May 21, 2014.
8. https://www.ft.com/content/891d5eea-e222-11e1-8e9d-00144feab49a
9. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/01/22/swiss-banking-secrecy/4390231/
10. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-12-22. Retrieved 2018-12-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
11. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/bribery--fraud--terror-financing_record-reached-for-suspected-money-laundering-reports/44081392
12. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/12/13/swiss-justice-minister-resigns-amid-scandal/5dab9b00-b666-4440-b2e3-075b491380c2/
13. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/09/11/osamas-bank-account
14. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/bin-laden-linked-to-swiss-bank-accounts/3659586
15. SRF/SDA-ATS/swissinfo.ch/ilj (6 July 2018). "Youth crime: more drug use, less dealing". Zurich, Switzerland: SWI swissinfo.ch, a branch of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation SRG SSR. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
16. http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/drug-use_why-swiss-cities-dominate-the-cocaine-hit-parade/44736466
17. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/health-statistics_cancer-cases-and-cannabis-use-on-the-rise-in-switzerland/45332184
18. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/switzerland-addiction-tobacco-vaping-alcohol-drugs-gambling/45540200
19. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/society/science-saturday_zurich-is-europe-s-weekend-cocaine-capital/43961046
20. http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/criminal-convictions_youth-crime--more-drug-use--less-dealing/44241418
21. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/drug-study_swiss-cocaine-market-estimated-at-five-tonnes-a-year/44252426
22. https://www.iumsp.ch/fr/node/7958
23. Uchtenhagen et al., 1999
24. Ribeaud, Denis (2004). "Long-term Impacts of the Swiss Heroin Prescription Trials on Crime of Treated Heroin Users". Journal of Drug Issues (Tallahassee, FL: University of Florida): 187. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
25. http://drugwarfacts.org/region/switzerland
26. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/theft-extortion-blackmail_cybercrime-is-skyrocketing-in-switzerland/43226430
27. http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/cyber-insecurity_army-and-ministers-among-millions-of-hacked-swiss-e-mails/44805570
28. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/annual-stats_fraud-and-online-crime-on-the-rise-in-switzerland/45636712
29. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/society/criminal-law_why-men-can-t-be-rape-victims-in-switzerland/44405128
30. https://lenews.ch/2018/09/07/steep-rise-in-number-of-catholic-church-sexual-abuse-reports-in-switzerland/
31. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/spirit-of-openness_swiss-catholic-church-to-step-up-sexual-abuse-reports/44375160
32. "Basel verbiete jede Diffamierung von Juden und Judentum" (PDF) (in German). Vienna: Die Stimme – Jüdische Zeitung. 14 December 1934. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
33. https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/nombre-dincidents-racistes-signales-suisse-continue-daugmenter
34. "Council of Europe's Anti-Corruption body calls on Switzerland to develop ethical rules applicable to federal members of parliament, judges and prosecutors". Group of States against Corruption. Council of Europe. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
35. "Corruption Perception Index 2017". Berlin, Germany: Transparency International. 21 February 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
36. "Switzerland & United States are the world's most corrupt nations – report". 26 March 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
37. "Switzerland remains top of 'financial secrecy' ranking as US rises to second". 31 January 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
38. Swiss Federal Statistics Office
39. "Federal Department of Justice and Police study". Archived from the original on 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
40. Swiss Federal Statistics Office - Kriminalität, Strafvollzug – Daten, Indikatoren Verurteile Personen: Jugendliche und Erwachsene accessed 3 August 2016
41. Neue Statistik: Tamilen sind krimineller als Ex-Jugoslawen, Tages-Anzeiger 12 September 2010.
42. so Alard du Bois-Reymond, director of the Federal Office for Migration, see e.g. Blick, 12 September 2010.
43. Blaney, Colin (2014). Undesirables. John Blake. p. 158. ISBN 978-1782198970.
44. data from Swiss Federal Statistics Office
45. aged 20–39; data from Swiss Federal Statistics Office
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External links

• Switzerland Black Markets