Demographics of Egypt

Egypt is the most populous country in the entire Middle East[1] and the third-most populous on the African continent (after Nigeria and Ethiopia[2]). About 95%[3] of the country's 100 million people (February 2020)[4] live along the banks of the Nile and in the Nile Delta, which fans out north of Cairo; and along the Suez Canal. These regions are among the world's most densely populated, containing an average of over 1,540 per km², as compared to 96 persons per km² for the country as a whole.

2010 population density

Small communities spread throughout the desert regions of Egypt are clustered around historic trade and transportation routes. The government has tried with mixed success to encourage migration to newly irrigated land reclaimed from the desert. However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the megacities in search of employment and a higher standard of living.

According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach (cliodynamics), the basic problem Egypt has is an unemployment rate driven by a demographic youth bulge: with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4% a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who comprised most of the people that were seen out in the streets during the Egyptian revolution of 2011. An estimated 51.2% of Egyptians are under the age of 25, with just 4.3% over the age of 65, making it one of the most youthful populations in the world.[5][6]

Population

Egypt has a population of 92,000,000 (2016).[7][8] According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Egypt from 1990 to 2008 was 23.7 million and 41%.[9]

Age distribution

Data taken from Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics.[10]

Percentage Distribution of Population in Censuses (1976,1986,1996,2006) by Age Group

Percentage Distribution of Population in Censuses by Age Group

Age group	2006	1996	1986	1976
0–4	10.6	11.6	15.3	13.9
5–9	10.5	12.9	13.2	12.8
10–14	10.6	13.3	11.6	13.4
15–19	11.8	11.6	10.6	10.9
20–24	10.8	8.6	8.9	8.4
25–29	8.8	7.4	7.7	7.3
30–34	6.5	6.7	6.4	5.8
35–39	6.4	6.5	6.1	5.6
40–44	5.6	5.3	4.4	5.1
45–49	5.1	4.5	4.0	4.2
50–54	4.2	3.4	3.5	4.0
55–59	3.1	2.5	2.6	2.4
60–64	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.7
65–69	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.4
70–74	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.2
75+	1.0	0.8	0.8	1.0

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 July 2010)

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 July 2010) :

Age group	Male	Female	%	Total
0–4	4,282	4,072	10.6	8,354
5–9	4,265	4,007	10.5	8,272
10–14	4,330	4,023	10.6	8,353
15–19	4,738	4,501	11.7	9,239
20–24	4,358	4,155	10.8	8,513
25–29	3,412	3,498	8.8	6,910
30–34	2,614	2,503	6.5	5,117
35–39	2,498	2,536	6.4	5,034
40–44	2,237	2,186	5.6	4,423
45–49	2,029	1,942	5.0	3,971
50–54	1,668	1,640	4.2	3,308
55–59	1,312	1,136	3.1	2,448
60–64	971	871	2.3	1 842
65–69	693	597	1.6	1 290
70–74	435	419	1.1	854
75+	408	392	1.0	800
Total	40,250	38,478	100	78,728

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 July 2012)

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 July 2012) :

Age group	Male	Female	%	Total
0–4	4,780	4,410	11.17	9,190
5–9	4,534	4,192	10.60	8,726
10–14	3,970	3,706	9.33	7,676
15–19	3,970	3,746	9.37	7,710
20–24	4,236	4,024	10.04	8,260
25–29	4,084	3,924	9.73	8,008
30–34	3,346	3,249	8.01	6,595
35–39	2,589	2,524	6.21	5,113
40–44	2,262	2,206	5.43	4,468
45–49	2,077	2,037	5.00	4,114
50–54	1,821	1,798	4.40	3,619
55–59	1,494	1,480	3.61	2,974
60–64	1,105	1,113	2.69	2,218
65–69	767	785	1.89	1,552
70–74	501	517	1.24	1,018
75+	522	536	1.29	1,058
Total	42,058	40,247	100	82,305

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 January 2013)

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 January 2013) :

Age group	Male	Female	%	Total
0–4	4,861	4,481	11.17	9,342
5–9	4,610	4,259	10.60	8,869
10–14	4,038	3,765	9.33	7,803
15–19	4,038	3,805	9.37	7,843
20–24	4,309	4,089	10.04	8,398
25–29	4,152	3,987	9.73	8,139
30–34	3,403	3,300	8.01	6,703
35–39	2,633	2,564	6.21	5,197
40–44	2,300	2,241	5.43	4,541
45–49	2,113	2,069	5.00	4,182
50–54	1,852	1,827	4.40	3,679
55–59	1,519	1,504	3.61	3,023
60–64	1,124	1,130	2.69	2,254
65–69	781	797	1.89	1,578
70–74	510	525	1.24	1,035
75–79	291	303	0.71	594
80+	239	242	0.57	481
Total	42,773	40,888	100	83,661

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 July 2013)

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 July 2013):

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
0–4	4 910 594	4 538 740	9 449 334	11,17
5–9	4 657 900	4 313 848	8 971 748	10,60
10–14	4 079 894	3 812 951	7 892 845	9,33
15–19	4 079 894	3 853 840	7 933 634	9,37
20–24	4 353 289	4 140 279	8 493 568	10,04
25–29	4 195 561	4 037 843	8 233 404	9,73
30–34	3 438 467	3 342 721	6 781 188	8,01
35–39	2 660 343	2 596 487	5 256 830	6,21
40–44	2 323 857	2 269 370	4 593 227	5,43
45–49	2 134 584	2 095 590	4 230 173	5,00
50–54	1 871 704	1 850 252	3 721 956	4,40
55–59	1 535 218	1 523 136	3 058 354	3,61
60–64	1 135 641	1 144 907	2 280 548	2,69
65–69	788 639	807 569	1 596 208	1,89
70–74	515 244	531 564	1 046 809	1,24
75–79	294 425	306 672	601 097	0,71
80+	241 849	246 108	487 957	0,58
Total	43 217 105	41 411 877	84 628 982	100

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	13 648 388	12 665 539	26 313 927	31,09
15–64	27 728 560	26 854 425	54 582 985	64,50
65+	1 840 157	1 891 913	3 732 070	4,41

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 July 2014)

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 July 2014) in thousands:

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
0–4	5 102	4 728	9 830	11,3
5–9	4 729	4 398	9 127	10,5
10–14	4 225	3 959	8 184	9,4
15–19	4 312	4 077	8 389	9,7
20–24	4 565	4 365	8 930	10,4
25–29	4 280	4 119	8 399	9,7
30–34	3 413	3 319	6 732	7,8
35–39	2 678	2 604	5 282	6,1
40–44	2 391	2 349	4 740	5,5
45–49	2 194	2 156	4 350	5,0
50–54	1 898	1 877	3 775	4,3
55–59	1 547	1 536	3 083	3,6
60–64	1 130	1 131	2 261	2,6
65–69	789	801	1 590	1,8
70–74	515	535	1 050	1,2
75+	537	555	1 092	1,3
Total	44 305	42 509	86 814	100

Age group	Sex ratio	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	107.4	14 056	13 085	27 141	31,26
15–39	104.1	19 248	18 484	37 732	43,46
40–64	101.2	9 160	9 049	18 209	20,97
65+	97.4	1 841	1 891	3 732	4,30

Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014)

Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014).[11]

Total Population in thousands: 114 428 (Males 56 926, Females 57 501)

Age Group	Male (%)	Female (%)	Total (%)
0–4	14,1	12,6	13,4
5–9	12,1	11,1	11,6
10–14	10,7	9,9	10,3
15–19	9,1	9,0	9,1
20–24	7,8	8,6	8,2
25–29	8,2	9,4	8,8
30–34	7,0	7,7	7,3
35–39	5,9	6,2	6,0
40–44	4,8	5,1	4,9
45–49	4,7	4,7	4,7
50–54	4,2	4,5	4,4
55–59	3,4	3,7	3,5
60–64	3,4	3,3	3,4
65–69	2,0	1,9	1,9
70–74	1,4	1,3	1,3
75–79	0,6	0,5	0,5
80+	0,5	0,6	0,6

Age group	Male (%)	Female (%)	Total (%)
0–14	36,9	33,6	35,3
15–64	58,6	62,1	60,4
65+	4,5	4,3	4,3

Recent population growth in Egypt, Data of FAO, year 2005; number of inhabitants in thousands.

Historical Population Over Time

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1	4,000,000	—
1000	8,000,000	+0.07%
1500	7,300,000	−0.02%
1805	4,000,000	−0.20%
1882	6,712,000	+0.67%
1897	9,669,000	+2.46%
1907	11,190,000	+1.47%
1917	12,718,000	+1.29%
1927	14,178,000	+1.09%
1937	15,921,000	+1.17%
1947	18,967,000	+1.77%
1960	26,085,000	+2.48%
1966	30,076,000	+2.40%
1976	36,626,000	+1.99%
1986	48,254,000	+2.80%
1996	59,312,000	+2.08%
2006	72,798,000	+2.07%
2017	93,287,000	+2.28%
Source: Population in Egypt[12]

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (1 January 2015):

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
0–4	5 168 230	4 791 812	9 960 042	11,3
5–9	4 790 338	4 456 493	9 246 831	10,5
10–14	4 279 072	4 013 008	8 292 080	9,4
15–19	4 367 988	4 131 991	8 499 979	9,7
20–24	4 623 621	4 424 043	9 047 664	10,3
25–29	4 334 645	4 175 258	8 509 903	9,7
30–34	3 456 601	3 364 004	6 820 605	7,8
35–39	2 711 932	2 639 282	5 351 214	6,1
40–44	2 422 954	2 379 682	4 802 636	5,5
45–49	2 222 893	2 184 980	4 407 873	5,0
50–54	1 922 803	1 903 745	3 826 548	4,4
55–59	1 567 139	1 557 610	3 124 749	3,6
60–64	1 144 789	1 146 574	2 291 363	2,6
65–69	800 241	811 254	1 611 495	1,8
70–74	522 379	540 837	1 063 216	1,2
75+	544 608	562 470	1 107 078	1,3
Total	44 880 233	43 083 043	87 963 276	100

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	14 237 640	13 261 313	27 498 953	31,26
15–64	28 775 365	27 907 169	56 682 534	64,44
65+	1 867 228	1 914 561	3 781 789	4,30

Historical and Present Population Distribution:

Age group	2015/01/01	2013/07/01	2013/01/01	2012/07/01	2010/07/01	2006	1996	1986	1976
0–14	31.26 (27,498,953)	31.09 (26,313,927)	31.1 (26,014,000)	31.1 (25,592,000)	31.7 (24,979,000)	31.7	37.8	40.1	40
15–64	64.44 (56,682,534)	64.50 (54,582,985)	64.49 (53,959,000)	64.48 (53,085,000)	64.6 (50,805,000)	64.6	58.7	56.6	56.4
65+	4.30 (3,781,789)	4.41 (3,732,070)	4.41 (3,688,000)	4.42 (3,628,000)	3.7 (2,944,000)	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.6

Egyptians abroad

Egyptians have a long history of mobility, primarily across the Arab world, but emigration became much more popular once it was recognised as a right in the 1971 Constitution.[13] According to the International Organization for Migration, an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia, 332,600 in Libya, 226,850 in Jordan, 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly North America (318,000 in the United States, 110,000 in Canada) and Europe (90,000 in Italy).[14]

Urban and Rural Population

Figures from CAPMAS:[15]

	Midyear Population	Urban Population (in thousands)	Urban Population (per cent)	Rural Population (in thousands)	Rural Population (per cent)
1990	51 911	22 519	43.4	29 392	56.6
1991	52 985	22 908	43.2	30 077	56.8
1992	54 082	23 366	43.2	30 716	56.8
1993	55 201	23 804	43.1	31 397	56.9
1994	56 344	24 276	43.1	32 068	56.9
1995	57 642	24 709	42.9	32 933	57.1
1996	58 835	25 053	42.6	33 782	57.4
1997	60 053	25 578	42.6	34 475	57.4
1998	61 296	26 104	42.6	35 192	57.4
1999	62 565	26 559	42.5	36 006	57.5
2000	63 860	27 132	42.5	36 728	57.5
2001	65 182	28 118	43.1	37 064	56.9
2002	66 628	28 554	42.9	38 074	57.1
2003	67 965	29 130	42.9	38 835	57.1
2004	69 304	29 653	42.8	39 651	57.2
2005	70 653	30 187	42.7	40 466	57.3
2006	72 009	30 585	42.5	41 424	57.5
2007	73 644	31 720	43.1	41 924	56.9
2008	75 194	32 249	42.9	42 945	57.1
2009	76 925	33 083	43.0	43 842	57.0
2010	78 685	33 804	43.0	44 881	57.0
2011	80 530	34 489	42.8	46 041	57.2
2012	82 550	35 373	42.9	47 177	57.1
2013	84 629	36 213	42.8	48 416	57.2
2014	86 814	37 095	42.7	49 719	57.3

Future Population Projections

The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) had released high/medium/low population projections for 2011–2031 based on Final Results of 2006 Population Census.[15] The 2020 high variant was 92.6 million, the medium – 91.0 million, the low – 90.0 million. The 2030 high variant is 104.4 million, the medium – 101.7 million, the low – 99.8 million. However the information could be misleading as the 2013 population figure of 84.6 million is higher than the projected high of 83 million. In fact, due to an unexpected rise in the fertility rate (from 3.0 to 3.5), the population already surpassed 91 million on 5 June 2016 while reaching 92 million on 30 November, average population age remaining stable despite a rising life expectancy.

Vital statistics

Vital statistics:[16][17][18]

	Midyear population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate
1934	15,449,000	651,663	429,851	221,812	42.2	27.8	14.4
1935	15,624,000	645,760	412,197	233,563	41.3	26.4	14.9
1936	15,801,000	698,186	455,832	242,354	44.2	28.8	15.3
1937	16,009,000	694,086	434,208	259,878	43.4	27.1	16.2
1938	16,300,000	704,376	429,248	275,128	43.2	26.3	16.9
1939	16,598,000	696,746	429,033	267,713	42.0	25.8	16.1
1940	16,900,000	697,700	444,448	253,252	41.3	26.3	15.0
1941	17,208,000	695,016	440,981	254,035	40.4	25.6	14.8
1942	17,522,000	658,324	494,358	163,966	37.6	28.2	9.4
1943	17,842,000	689,771	492,644	197,127	38.7	27.6	11.0
1944	18,167,000	722,166	472,234	249,932	39.8	26.0	13.8
1945	18,498,000	787,502	512,003	275,499	42.6	27.7	14.9
1946	18,835,000	776,000	484,000	292,000	41.2	25.7	15.5
1947	19,197,000	834,557	408,577	425,980	43.5	21.3	22.2
1948	19,529,000	832,728	397,976	434,752	42.6	20.4	22.3
1949	19,989,000	831,310	410,524	420,786	41.6	20.5	21.1
1950	21,514,000	904,941	388,944	515,997	44.2	19.0	25.2
1951	22,020,000	934,584	402,158	532,426	44.6	19.2	25.4
1952	22,562,000	969,443	380,633	588,810	45.2	17.8	27.5
1953	23,138,000	934,830	429,097	505,733	42.6	19.6	23.0
1954	23,747,000	957,158	401,306	555,852	42.6	17.9	24.7
1955	24,387,000	926,500	405,663	520,837	40.3	17.6	22.7
1956	25,057,000	958,880	384,974	573,906	40.7	16.4	24.4
1957	25,756,000	914,494	429,512	484,982	38.0	17.8	20.1
1958	26,480,000	1,013,743	409,197	604,546	41.1	16.6	24.5
1959	27,228,000	1,078,947	411,188	667,759	42.8	16.3	26.5
1960	27,998,000	1,113,888	437,822	676,066	43.0	16.9	26.1
1961	28,786,000	1,166,620	420,158	746,462	43.9	15.8	28.1
1962	29,591,000	1,125,798	486,699	639,099	41.3	17.9	23.4
1963	30,410,000	1,196,388	431,673	764,715	42.8	15.4	27.4
1964	31,242,000	1,205,785	449,375	756,410	42.1	15.7	26.4
1965	32,084,000	1,220,658	411,636	809,022	41.5	14.0	27.5
1966	32,937,000	1,234,976	477,021	757,955	41.0	15.8	25.1
1967	33,799,000	1,210,214	440,161	770,053	39.2	14.2	24.9
1968	34,660,000	1,206,585	509,430	697,155	38.1	16.1	22.0
1969	35,511,000	1,197,245	468,017	729,228	36.8	14.4	22.4
1970	36,342,000	1,161,539	500,626	660,913	34.9	15.0	19.8
1971	37,152,000	1,186,350	445,192	741,158	34.8	13.1	21.8
1972	37,945,000	1,187,286	499,628	687,658	34.1	14.3	19.7
1973	38,734,000	1,259,004	459,816	799,188	35.3	12.9	22.4
1974	39,534,000	1,287,614	457,620	829,994	35.4	12.6	22.8
1975	40,359,000	1,331,799	456,041	875,758	36.0	12.3	23.7
1976	41,213,000	1,378,917	444,228	934,689	36.4	11.7	24.7
1977	42,094,000	1,447,402	457,558	989,844	37.3	11.8	25.5
1978	43,006,000	1,479,698	415,605	1,064,093	37.2	10.5	26.8
1979	43,951,000	1,633,674	444,753	1,188,921	40.0	10.9	29.1
1980	44,932,000	1,569,247	421,227	1,148,020	37.3	10.0	27.3	5.3
1981	45,946,000	1,593,698	432,264	1,161,434	36.8	10.0	26.8
1982	46,991,000	1,601,265	441,621	1,159,644	34.1	9.4	24.7
1983	48,072,000	1,666,915	412,700	1,254,215	34.7	8.6	26.1
1984	49,190,000	1,797,206	400,600	1,396,606	36.5	8.1	28.4	4.9
1985	50,347,000	1,903,022	442,258	1,460,764	37.8	8.8	29.0
1986	51,545,000	1,907,975	455,888	1,452,087	37.0	8.8	28.2
1987	52,777,000	1,902,604	466,161	1,436,443	36.0	8.8	27.2
1988	54,011,000	1,912,765	427,018	1,485,747	35.4	7.9	27.5	4.4
1989	55,207,000	1,722,934	414,214	1,308,720	31.2	7.5	23.7
1990	51,911,000	1,687,000	393,250	1,293,750	32.5	7.6	24.9
1991	52,985,000	1,636,551	391,588	1,244,963	30.9	7.4	23.5	4.1
1992	54,082,000	1,496,866	382,465	1,114,401	27.7	7.1	20.6
1993	55,201,000	1,600,549	380,000	1,220,549	29.0	6.9	22.1
1994	56,344,000	1,610,652	385,296	1,225,356	28.6	6.8	21.7
1995	57,642,000	1,604,835	384,548	1,220,287	27.8	6.7	21.2	3.6
1996	58,835,000	1,662,065	379,983	1,282,082	28.2	6.5	21.8
1997	60,053,000	1,654,695	389,301	1,265,394	27.6	6.5	21.1	3.3
1998	61,296,000	1,687,252	399,772	1,287,480	27.5	6.5	21.0	3.4
1999	62,565,000	1,693,025	401,433	1,291,592	27.1	6.4	20.6
2000	63,860,000	1,751,854	404,699	1,347,155	27.4	6.3	21.1	3.5
2001	65,182,000	1,741,308	404,531	1,336,777	26.7	6.2	20.5
2002	66,628,000	1,766,589	424,034	1,342,555	26.5	6.4	20.2
2003	67,965,000	1,777,418	440,149	1,337,269	26.2	6.5	19.7	3.2
2004	69,304,000	1,779,500	440,790	1,338,710	25.7	6.4	19.3
2005	70,653,000	1,800,972	450,646	1,350,326	25.5	6.4	19.1	3.1
2006	72,009,000	1,853,746	451,863	1,401,883	25.7	6.3	19.5
2007	73,644,000	1,949,569	450,596	1,498,973	26.5	6.1	20.4
2008	75,194,000	2,050,704	461,934	1,588,770	27.4	5.9	21.5	3.0
2009	76,925,000	2,217,409	476,592	1,740,817	28.8	6.2	22.6
2010	78,685,000	2,261,409	483,385	1,778,024	28.7	6.1	22.6
2011	80,530,000	2,442,094	493,086	1,949,008	30.3	6.1	24.2
2012	82,550,000	2,629,769	529,247	2,100,522	31.9	6.4	25.5
2013	84,629,000	2,621,902	511,000	2,110,719	31.0	6.0	25.0
2014	86,814,000	2,720,495	531,864	2,188,631	31.3	6.1	25.2	3.5
2015	89,279,000	2,685,276	573,129	2,123,102	30.2	6.5	23.7
2016	92,216,000	2,600,173	556,148	2,044,025	28.6	6.1	22.5
2017	94,190,000	2,557,400	547,200	1,971,115	26.8	5.6	20.1	3.1
2018		2,382,362	560,308	1,822,054	24.5	5.8	18.7	2.9 (E)
2019		2,312,000	570,000	1,741,000	23.4	5.8	17.6	2.77 (E)

Current natural increase for Egypt

[19]

• Number of births for January-March 2019 = 544,200
• Number of births for January-March 2020 = 537,100

• Number of deaths for January-March 2019 = 158,400
• Number of deaths for January-March 2020 = 155,200

• Natural growth for January-March 2019 = 385,800
• Natural growth for January-March 2020 = 381,900

Fertility Rate (The Demographic Health Survey)

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):[20]

Year	CBR (Total)	TFR (Total)	CBR (Urban)	TFR (Urban)	CBR (Rural)	TFR (Rural)
1992	29,7	3,93 (2,7)	23,3	2,92 (2,0)	35,0	4,91 (3,4)
1995	28,0	3,63 (2,6)	23,9	3,01 (2,2)	31,4	4,19 (2,9)
1997		3,3		2,7		3,7
1998	27	3,4	23	2,8	31	3,9
2000	27,8	3,53 (2,9)	24,8	3,09 (2,6)	30,1	3,88 (3,1)
2003	26,3	3,2 (2,5)	21,7	2,6 (2,1)	29,8	3,6 (2,9)
2005	27,1	3,1 (2,3)	23,6	2,7 (2,1)	29,6	3,4 (2,5)
2008	26,6	3,0 (2,4)	23,3	2,7 (2,2)	29,1	3,2 (2,5)
2014	29,1	3,5 (2,8)	23,3	2,9 (2,4)	32,7	3,8 (3,0)

Life expectancy at birth

Average Life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[21]

Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	41.1	1985–1990	63.5
1955–1960	46.4	1990–1995	65.4
1960–1965	49.3	1995–2000	68.0
1965–1970	51.6	2000–2005	69.0
1970–1975	53.0	2005–2010	69.9
1975–1980	56.8	2010–2015	70.8
1980–1985	59.9

Demographics by Governorate

Main article: Governorates of Egypt

Urban and Rural Population of Governorates

Matruh

2

3

4

5

6

9

12

10

11

16

Giza

7

13

Suez

North
Sinai

South
Sinai

Faiyum

Beni Suef

Minya

Asyut

Sohag

Qena

Luxor

Aswan

Red Sea

New Valley

Data taken from CAPMAS:[22]

Governorate	% Urban	Population (2015)	Rural	Urban
Alexandria	98.8	4,812,186	56,698	4,755,488
Aswan	42.3	1,431,488	826,543	604,945
Asyut	26.5	4,245,215	3,119,112	1,126,103
Beheira	19.5	5,804,262	4,674,346	1,129,916
Beni Suef	23.2	2,856,812	2,193,871	662,941
Cairo	100.0	9,278,441	0	9,278,441
Dakahlia	28.2	5,949,001	4,271,428	1,677,573
Damietta	38.7	1,330,843	815,244	515,599
Faiyum	22.5	3,170,150	2,456,368	713,782
Gharbia	30.0	4,751,865	3,324,630	1,427,235
Giza	58.6	7,585,115	3,138,310	4,446,805
Ismailia	45.4	1,178,641	643,778	534,863
Kafr el-Sheikh	23.1	3,172,753	2,441,246	731,507
Luxor	37.8	1,147,058	713,422	433,636
Matruh	70.6	447,846	131,841	316,005
Minya	18.9	5,156,702	4,183,284	973,418
Monufia	20.6	3,941,293	3,128,460	812,833
New Valley	48.0	225,416	117,180	108,236
North Sinai	60.2	434,781	173,095	261,686
Port Said	100.0	666,599	0	666,599
Qalyubia	44.7	5,105,972	2,825,045	2,280,927
Qena	19.7	3,045,504	2,445,051	600,453
Red Sea	95.1	345,775	17,062	328,713
Sharqia	23.1	6,485,412	4,987,707	1,497,705
Sohag	21.4	4,603,861	3,618,543	985,318
South Sinai	51.1	167,426	81,924	85,502
Suez	100.0	622,859	0	622,859
Total	42.7	87,963,276	50,384,188	37,579,088

Population Density by Governorate

Egyptian Population Density in pre-2013 administrative divisions

Data taken from CAPMAS:.[22] Information for population is in thousands, pop density – persons/km² and area is in km².

Governorate	Population in thousands (2014-07-01)	Pop. Density (Inhabited Area)	Pop. Density (Total Area)	% Inhabited to Total	Inhabited Area	Total Area
Alexandria	4,761	2,841.5	2,070.0	72.8	1,675.50	2,300.00
Aswan	1,412	13,477.1	22.5	0.2	104.77	62,726.00
Asyut	4,181	2,656.3	161.3	6.1	1,574.00	25,926.00
Beheira	5,720	806.3	582.1	72.2	7,093.84	9,826.00
Beni Suef	2,812	2,053.4	256.7	12.5	1,369.41	10,954.00
Cairo	9,184	48,235.3	2,976.8	6.2	190.40	3,085.12
Dakahlia	5,881	1,662.1	1,662.1	100.0	3,538.23	3,538.23
Damietta	1,316	1,968.7	1,445.7	73.4	668.47	910.26
Faiyum	3,118	1,680.0	513.8	30.6	1,856.00	6,068.00
Gharbia	4,698	2,418.7	2,418.7	100.0	1,942.34	1,942.34
Giza	7,487	6,286.3	567.9	9.0	1,191.00	13,184.00
Ismailia	1,162	229.3	229.3	100.0	5,066.97	5,066.97
Kafr el-Sheikh	3,132	903.5	903.5	100.0	3,466.69	3,466.69
Luxor	1,132	4,992.7	469.8	9.4	226.73	2,409.68
Matruh	437	111.4	2.6	2.4	3,921.40	166,563.00
Minya	5,076	2,104.8	157.3	7.5	2,411.65	32,279.00
Monufia	3,890	1,596.9	1,556.6	97.5	2,435.93	2,499.00
New Valley	222	205.1	0.5	0.2	1,082.24	440,098.00
North Sinai	428	203.7	14.8	7.2	2,100.84	28,992.00
Port Said	660	499.7	490.7	98.2	1,320.68	1,344.96
Qalyubia	5,044	4,702.1	4,486.4	95.4	1,072.72	1,124.28
Qena	3,001	1,724.1	277.9	16.1	1,740.63	10,798.00
Red Sea	341	4,794.0	2.9	0.1	71.13	119,099.13
Sharqia	6,402	1,343.7	1,303.6	97.0	4,764.28	4,911.00
Sohag	4,536	2,845.8	411.5	14.5	1,593.92	11,022.00
South Sinai	166	9.9	5.3	53.7	16,791.00	31,272.00
Suez	615	68.3	68.3	100.0	9,002.21	9,002.21
Total	86,814	1109.1	85.9	7.8	78272.98	1010407.87

Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups of Egypt (2006)[23]
Ethnic groups			percent
Egyptians			99.6%
Other			0.4%

The CIA World Factbook lists Egyptians as 99.7%, and "other" as 0.3% (2006 census).[24] "Other" refers to people who are not citizens of Egypt, who come to Egypt to work for international companies, diplomats, etc.

The vast majority of the population of Egypt consists of Egyptians including Copts, Egyptians make up 95% of the population.[25] The vast majority of Egyptians are native speakers of Egyptian Arabic.

Minorities in Egypt include the Copts who represent around 10% of the entire population and live all over the country, the Berber-speaking community of the Siwa Oasis (Siwis) and the Nubian people clustered along the Nile in the southernmost part of Egypt. There are also sizable minorities of Beja and Dom. There are also refugees mainly composed of Sudanese, and the over all refugees are estimated to be around 3–5 million,[26] those from war-zone areas like Iraq, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, and Eritrea.[26]

The country was also host to many different communities during the colonial period, including Greeks, Italians, and also from war-torn areas; the Lebanese, Syro-Lebanese, and other minority groups like Jews, Armenians, Turks and Albanians, though most either left or were compelled to leave after political developments in the 1950s. The country still hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mostly Palestinians and Sudanese.

Other sources give more detailed statistics, including the Beja[27](ca. 1 million), the Nubians (ca. 300,000 in 1996), Dom (ca. 230,000 in 1996), Berbers (Siwis) (ca. 5,000).

Languages

Main article: Languages of Egypt

Arabic is the official language of Egypt, with the vast majority of Egyptians speaking Egyptian Arabic. In The Upper Nile valley, Sa'idi Arabic is prevalent. The Coptic language is used in the Coptic church for the majority of prayers, hymns, masses, and meditations. English is widely understood as well as French. Siwa language used in ethnic Berber tribal areas in the western desert (Siwa), and Nubian language is widely used among the ethnic Nubians in the southern areas.

Religions

Main articles: Religion in Egypt, Islam in Egypt, and Christianity in Egypt

Religion in Egypt (est. 2017)[28]

  Islam (90%)

  Christianity (10%)

According to the CIA World Factbook, approximately 90% of the population is Muslim and 10% is Christian (9% Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, 1% other Christian).

[29][30][31]

• Muslim 90%[25] (Mostly Sunni)
• Christianity 10%[25]
• Bahá'í: fewer than 2,000 individuals (< 0.003%)
• Judaism: fewer than 200 individuals[30]

Education

Main article: Education in Egypt

The literacy rate in modern Egyptian society is highly debated. Education is free through university and compulsory from ages six through 15, though enforcement may be lax. Rates for primary and secondary education have strengthened in recent years. The vast majority of children enter primary school though a significant number drop out. There are approx. 200,000 primary and secondary schools with some 10 million students, 13 major universities with more than 500,000 students, and 67 teacher colleges. Major universities include Cairo University (100,000 students), Ain Shams University, Alexandria University, the 1,000-year-old Al-Azhar University, one of the world's major centers of Islamic learning and the AUC (American University in Cairo), . The former first lady has created many project towards the advancement of Egyptian education and the efforts to force education to the remaining 7–9% of students who drop out illegally. Child labor is a contributing factor to these dropouts but it is considered a serious crime to work children under the legal age and charges are taken very seriously at this time.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Population pyramid in 2016. Many of those 30 and younger are educated citizens who are experiencing difficulty finding work.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Infant mortality rate

22.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 72.7 years

male: 71.4 years

female: 74.2 years (2016 est.)

Nationality

noun: Egyptian(s)

adjective: Egyptian

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 73.85%

male: 82.1% (2015 est.)

female: 65.6% (2015 est.),

Genetics

Y-Chromosome

Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups in Egypt.[32]

Haplogroup

n

A

B

E1a

E1b1a

E1b1b1

E1b1b1a

E1b1b1a1

E1b1b1a1b

E1b1b1a2

E1b1b1a3

E1b1b1a4

E1b1b1b

E1b1b1c

F

G

I

J1

J2

K

L

O

P,R

Q

R1a

R1b1a

R1b1b

R2

T

Marker

M33

M2

M35

M78

V12

V32

V13

V22

V65

M81

M34

M89

M201

V88

M269

M70

Egypt

370

1.35

-

0.54

2.43

3.24

0.81

7.03

1.62

0.81

9.19

2.43

11.89

6.76

1.08

5.68

0.54

20.81

6.75

0.27

0.81

0.27

0.54

0.27

2.16

2.97

2.97

0.54

6.22

See also

• Health in Egypt
• List of cities in Egypt
• Population history of Egypt

References

•  This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document: "2006 edition".
•  This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of State website https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/. (U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets)

1. "Most Populas Countries".
2. "2020 African populations in numbers", statista.com
3. "Egypt Facts". National Geographic.
4. "population clock". Egypt Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics.
5. Korotayev A., Zinkina J. Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis. Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar 13 (2011): 139–169.
6. "The long-term economic challenges Egypt must overcome". Marketplace. 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
7. "Egypt's Population Increases 1 Million in Six Months to Reach 92 Million".
8. "Official Population Clock". Retrieved 20 May 2015.
9. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 1971–2008 (pdf Archived 6 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 p. 57)
10. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
11. "Demographic and Health Survey 2014" (PDF). DHS. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
12. "Population in Censuses by Sex & Sex Ratio (1882–2006)" (PDF). Egypt State Information Service.
13. Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2019). The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt: Strategies for Regime Survival in Autocracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108475549. OCLC 1080638597.
14. IOM Migration and Development in Egypt Facts and Figures
15. "Statistical Yearbook – Population". 20 May 2015.
16. United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
17. Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics
18. http://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-PR54-Preliminary-Reports-Key-Indicator-Reports.cfm
19. https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/Publications.aspx?page_id=5107&Year=23518
20. http://www.dhsprogram.com/What-We-Do/Survey-Search.cfm
21. "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
22. "Egypt in Figures 2015" (PDF). CAPMAS. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
23. "Africa :: EGYPT". CIA The World Factbook.
24. "CIA World Factbook – Egypt".
25. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html
26. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2016/10/04/who-are-the-5-million-refugees-and-immigrants-in-egypt/
27. "2.2 million and extend into Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea", refworld.com
28. International Religious Freedom Report for 2014 US Department of State
29. International Religious Freedom Report 2006 – Egypt
30. International Religious Freedom Report 2007 – Egypt
31. CIA World Factbook – Egypt
32. Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775

External links

• Demographics of ancient Egypt