Demographics of Djibouti

This article is about the demographics of Djibouti, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Djibouti
Population	884,017 (2018)
Growth rate	2.23% (2014)
Birth rate	25.27 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death rate	8.23 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
Life expectancy	62.4 years (2014)
• male	59.93 years
• female	64.94 years
Fertility rate	2.79 children born/woman (2010)
Infant mortality rate	53.31 deaths/1,000 infants (2012 est.)[1]
Age structure
0–14 years	35% (male 132,592/female 132,114)
15–64 years	61.7% (male 206,323/female 260,772)
65 and over	3.3% (male 11,349/female 13,924)
Sex ratio
At birth	1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15	1 male(s)/female
15–64 years	0.8 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.81 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Djiboutian
Major ethnic	Somali 55% (only in Djibouti City and Ali-Sabieh, the only Somali cities in the country) Afar 45% [and 87% of Djibouti is Afar territory)
Minor ethnic	French Arab Ethiopian Total 5%
Language
Spoken	Arabic (official), French(official), Afar

Ethnic groups

Main article: Djiboutian

Main ethnic groups in Djibouti.

Djibouti is a multiethnic country. As of 2018, it has a population of around 884,017 inhabitants[2][3]. Djibouti's population grew rapidly during the latter half of the 20th century, increasing from about 69,589 in 1955 to around 869,099 by 2015.[4]

The two largest ethnic groups are the Somali (60%) and the Afar (35%). The Somali clan component is mainly composed of the Issas, a sub-clan of the larger Dir. The remaining 5% of Djibouti's population primarily consists of Arabs, Ethiopians and Europeans (French and Italians). Approximately 76% of local residents are urban dwellers; the remainder are pastoralists.[5] 40,000 people from Yemen live in Djibouti, counting for 4.2% of its total population.[6] 4,000 soldiers from the United States live in Djibouti, they represent 0.4% of its total population.[7]

Languages

Main article: Languages of Djibouti

A Somali man in a traditional taqiyah.

An Afar man in nomadic attire.

Djibouti is a multilingual nation.[5] The majority of local residents speak Somali (350,000 speakers in Djibouti city and Ali Sabieh) and Afar (300,000 speakers) as a first language. These idioms are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afroasiatic family. There are 2 official languages in Djibouti: Arabic and French.[8]

Arabic is of religious importance. In formal settings, it consists of Modern Standard Arabic. Colloquially, about 59,000 local residents speak the Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, also known as Djibouti Arabic. French serves as a statutory national language. It was inherited from the colonial period, and is the primary language of instruction. Around 17,000 Djiboutians speak it as a first language. Immigrant languages include Omani Arabic (38,900 speakers), Amharic (1,400 speakers), Greek (1,000 speakers) and Hindi (600 speakers).[8]

Population

1960–2012

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1960	83,636	—
1969	149,887	+6.70%
1977	277,750	+8.02%
1980	359,247	+8.95%
1994	652,793	+4.36%
2000	722,887	+1.71%
2012	859,652	+1.45%
Source: World Bank[9]

According to the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[2][3], the total population was 958,923 in 2018 compared to 62,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 35.8%, 60.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older.[4]

	Total population	Population aged 0–14 (%)	Population aged 15–64 (%)	Population aged 65+ (%)
1950	62 000	46.8	51.2	2.0
1955	70 000	46.0	52.0	2.0
1960	85 000	45.4	52.5	2.0
1965	117 000	44.9	53.0	2.0
1970	162 000	45.8	52.2	2.1
1975	224 000	45.9	52.0	2.1
1980	340 000	45.3	52.5	2.2
1985	403 000	44.6	53.1	2.3
1990	562 000	44.2	53.4	2.4
1995	627 000	43.4	54.1	2.5
2000	732 000	41.3	55.9	2.7
2005	808 000	38.5	58.5	3.0
2010	889 000	35.8	60.9	3.3

Projections

The following are UN medium variant projections; numbers are in thousands:[4]

• 2015 975
• 2020 1,065
• 2025 1,166
• 2030 1,262
• 2035 1,356
• 2040 1,447
• 2045 1,535
• 2050 1,619

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Djibouti is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[4]

Period	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural change per year	CBR*	CDR*	NC*	TFR*	IMR*
1950-1955	3 000	2 000	1 000	50.0	28.3	21.7	7.80	222
1955-1960	4 000	2 000	2 000	50.7	25.7	25.0	7.80	203
1960-1965	5 000	2 000	3 000	51.2	23.8	27.4	7.80	185
1965-1970	7 000	3 000	4 000	50.3	21.6	28.6	7.60	169
1970-1975	9 000	4 000	5 000	47.8	19.4	28.4	7.20	154
1975-1980	13 000	5 000	8 000	45.2	17.4	27.8	6.80	141
1980-1985	16 000	6 000	11 000	44.0	15.5	28.6	6.60	125
1985-1990	21 000	7 000	14 000	43.1	14.5	28.6	6.40	117
1990-1995	24 000	8 000	16 000	40.1	13.4	26.7	5.85	109
1995-2000	23 000	8 000	15 000	34.4	12.2	22.2	5.11	100
2000-2005	24 000	9 000	15 000	31.2	11.3	19.9	4.52	91
2005-2010	25 000	9 000	16 000	29.4	10.5	18.9	3.95	82
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths [10]

Year	Population	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase	Crude birth rate	Crude death rate	Rate of natural increase	TFR
2009		9 853	1 082	8 771
2010		10 538	1 051	9 487
2011		10 871	1 011	9 860

Life expectancy

Period	Life expectancy in Years[11]
1950–1955	41.04
1955–1960	42.95
1960–1965	45.18
1965–1970	47.35
1970–1975	50.90
1975–1980	52.55
1980–1985	54.67
1985–1990	56.12
1990–1995	57.02
1995–2000	57.02
2000–2005	57.29
2005–2010	59.05
2010–2015	61.62

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[12]

• One birth every 24 minutes
• One death every 65 minutes
• One net migrant every 720 minutes
• Net gain of one person every 37 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[13]

Population

884,017 (July 2018 est.)

828,324 (July 2015 est.)

Age structure

Population pyramid of Djibouti in 2017

0-14 years: 30.71% (male 136,191 /female 135,263)

15-24 years: 21.01% (male 87,520 /female 98,239)

25-54 years: 39.63% (male 145,427 /female 204,927)

55-64 years: 4.82% (male 18,967 /female 23,639)

65 years and over: 3.83% (male 15,136 /female 18,708) (2018 est.)

Median age

total: 24.2 years. Country comparison to the world: 165th

male: 22.4 years

female: 25.7 years (2018 est.)

Total: 22.8 years

Male: 21.1 years

Female: 24.1 years (2014 est.)

Birth rate

23.3 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 59th

Death rate

7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 109th

Net migration rate

5.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 19th

Population growth rate

2.13% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 42nd

2.18% (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.27 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 90th

Contraceptive prevalence rate

19% (2012)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2015 est.)

youth dependency ratio: 50.1 (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio: 6.4 (2015 est.)

potential support ratio: 15.6 (2015 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 77.8% of total population (2018)

rate of urbanization: 1.67% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Major cities - population

DJIBOUTI (capital) 562,000 (2018)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 0.89 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.71 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female

total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 64 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 191st

male: 61.4 years (2018 est.)

female: 66.6 years (2018 est.)

Total population: 62.4 years

Male: 59.93 years

Female: 64.94 years (2014 est.)

HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate: 1.2% (2012 est.)

people living with HIV/AIDS: 7,700 (2012 est.)

deaths: 690 (2012 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne disease: dengue fever

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

Nationality

Djiboutien or Djiboutian

Ethnic groups

Afar 35%, Somali 60% and Arab 2%[5]

Religions

The religious adherents of Djibouti are:[5]

Muslim 94%

Christian 6%

Languages

Main article: Languages of Djibouti

The languages of Djibouti are:[5]

French (official)

Arabic (official)

Somali

Afar

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 67.9%

male: 60%

female: 58.4% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 6 years (2011)

male: 7 years (2011)

female: 6 years (2011)

See also

References

1. "CIA – The World Factbook: Infant Mortality Rate". Archived from the original on November 19, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
2. ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
3. ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
4. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
5. "Africa :: Djibouti". CIA The World Factbook.
6. https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/domestic-abuse-adds-yemeni-refugee-women-woes-djibouti-180730115837586.html
7. https://www.voanews.com/africa/us-signs-long-term-lease-military-base-djibouti
8. "Djibouti - Languages". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
9. "World Bank". Retrieved 26 October 2015.
10. "Demographic Yearbook". United Nations Statistics Division.
11. "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
12. "Djibouti Population 2019", World Population Review
13. "The World FactBook - Djibouti", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.