Demographics of Angola

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Angola, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Angola, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

According to 2014 census data, Angola had a population of 25,789,024 inhabitants in 2014.[1] Ethnically, there are three main groups, each speaking a Bantu language: the Ovimbundu who represent 37% of the population, the Ambundu with 25%, and the Bakongo 13%. Other numerically important groups include the closely interrelated Chokwe and Lunda, the Ganguela and Nyaneka-Khumbi (in both cases classification terms that stand for a variety of small groups), the Ovambo, the Herero, the Xindonga and scattered residual groups of San. In addition, mixed race (European and African) people amount to about 2%, with a small (1%) population of whites, mainly ethnically Portuguese.

As a former overseas territory of Portugal until 1975, Angola possesses a Portuguese population of over 200,000, a number that has been growing from 2000 onwards, because of Angola's growing demand for qualified human resources. Currently, over 300,000 Angolans are white, 1 million Angolans are mixed race (black and white) and 50,000 Angolans are from China, which accounts for 1.35 million people. In 1974, white Angolans made up a population of 330,000 to 350,000 people in an overall population of 6.3 million Angolans at that time. The only reliable source on these numbers is Gerald Bender & Stanley Yoder, Whites in Angola on the Eve of Independence: The Politics of Numbers, Africa Today, 21 (4) 1974, pp. 23 – 37. Today, many Angolans who are not ethnic Portuguese can claim Portuguese nationality under Portuguese law. Estimates on the overall population are given in O País</ref>[2][3][4] Besides the Portuguese, significant numbers of people from other European and from diverse Latin American countries (especially Brazil) can be found. From the 2000s, many Chinese have settled and started up small businesses, while at least as many have come as workers for large enterprises (construction or other). Observers claim that the Chinese community in Angola might include as many as 300,000 persons at the end of 2010, but reliable statistics are not at this stage available.[5] In 1974/75, over 25,000 Cuban soldiers arrived in Angola to help the MPLA forces at the beginning of the Angolan Civil War. Once this was over, a massive development cooperation in the field of health and education brought in numerous civil personnel from Cuba. However, only a very small percentage of all these people has remained in Angola, either for personal reasons (intermarriage) or as professionals (e.g., medical doctors).

The largest religious denomination is Catholicism, to which adheres about half the population. Roughly 26% are followers of traditional forms of Protestantism (Congregationals, Methodists, Baptista, Lutherans, Reformed), but over the last decades there has in addition been a growth of Pentecostal communities and African Initiated Churches. In 2006, one out of 221 people were Jehovah's Witnesses. Blacks from Mali, Nigeria and Senegal are mostly Sunnite Muslims, but do not make up more than 1 - 2% of the population. By now few Angolans retain African traditional religions following different ethnic faiths.

Population

According to the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[6][7] the total population was 30,809,787 in 2018, compared to only 4 148 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 46.6%, 50.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.5% was 65 years or older .[8]

Population pyramid for Angola
Total population[9] Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 4,148,00041.255.73.1
1955 4,542,00042.454.92.7
1960 4,963,00043.753.62.7
1965 5,431,00045.352.02.7
1970 5,926,00046.051.32.7
1975 6,637,00046.251.12.7
1980 7,638,00046.550.82.7
1985 9,066,00047.050.42.7
1990 10,335,00047.549.92.6
1995 12,105,00047.649.82.5
2000 13,926,00047.749.92.5
2005 16,489,00047.649.92.5
2010 19,082,00046.650.92.5
2014 25,789,00047.350.32.4

Structure of the population (DHS 2011) (Males 19 707, Females 20 356 = 40 063) :

Age Group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-4 21.3 21.3 21.3
5-9 15.5 13.7 14.6
10-14 12.2 12.1 12.1
15-19 9.7 10.9 10.3
20-24 8.1 10.1 9.1
25-29 7.8 7.7 7.7
30-34 5.5 5.0 5.3
35-39 4.4 4.5 4.4
40-44 3.4 2.8 3.1
45-49 3.1 2.0 2.5
50-54 2.9 4.7 3.8
55-59 2.0 1.9 1.9
60-64 1.6 1.5 1.6
65-69 1.0 0.7 0.8
70-74 0.8 0.5 0.6
75-79 0.4 0.3 0.3
80+ 0.4 0.3 0.4
unknown 0.1 0.0 0.1
Age group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-14 49.0 47.1 48.0
15-64 48.3 51.1 49.8
65+ 2.6 1.8 2.1

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Angola not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations and the CIA World Factbook[10] prepared the following estimates. [8]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955235,000156,00079,00054.035.918.17.00230
1955-1960259,000159,00099,00054.433.520.97.20215
1960-1965282,000162,000121,00054.331.123.27.40200
1965-1970302,000163,000139,00053.228.724.57.40186
1970-1975325,000166,000160,00051.826.425.57.20173
1975-1980374,000176,000197,00052.424.727.77.20161
1980-1985441,000202,000239,00052.824.228.67.20157
1985-1990512,000228,000284,00052.823.529.37.20153
1990-1995584,000259,000325,00052.123.129.07.10150
1995-2000664,000274,000390,00051.021.129.96.92138
2000-2005746,000268,000478,00049.017.631.46.63116
2005-2010774,000272,000502,00043.515.328.25.79104
201843.7934.76.09
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1,000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1,000); NC = natural change (per 1,000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1,000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted TFR) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[11][10]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
2006-2007 42.4 5.8 35.0 4.4 50.2 7.7
2011 45.5 6.3 36.5 4.6 51.8 7.7
2014 (census) 5.7 5.2 6.5
2015-16 43.4 6.2 (5.2) 40.6 5.3 (4.4) 48.4 8.2 (7.1)

Life expectancy
Period Life expectancy in
Years[12]
1950–1955 31.39
1955–1960 32.54
1960–1965 34.09
1965–1970 36.04
1970–1975 38.05
1975–1980 40.00
1980–1985 40.89
1985–1990 41.48
1990–1995 42.22
1995–2000 44.73
2000–2005 49.98
2005–2010 55.59
2010–2015 60.19

Other demographics statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[13]

  • One birth every 25 seconds
  • One death every 2 minutes
  • One net migrant every Infinity minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 31 seconds

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[10]

Population
30,355,880 (July 2018 est.)
29,310,273 (July 2017 est.)

Age structure
Age pyramid of Angola in 2016
0-14 years: 48.07% (male 7,257,155 /female 7,336,084)
15-24 years: 18.33% (male 2,701,123 /female 2,863,950)
25-54 years: 27.95% (male 4,044,944 /female 4,441,028)
55-64 years: 3.32% (male 466,085 /female 540,452)
65 years and over: 2.32% (male 296,411 /female 408,648) (2018 est.)

Median age
total: 15.9 years. Country comparison to the world: 224th
male: 15.4 years
female: 16.3 years (2018 est.)

Population growth
3.49% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

The population is growing by 3.52% annually. There are 44.2 births and 9.2 deaths per 1,000 citizens. The net migration rate is 0.2 migrants per 1,000 citizens. The fertility rate of Angola is 6.16 children born per woman as of 2017. The infant mortality rate is 67.6 deaths for every 1,000 live births with 73.3 deaths for males and 61.8 deaths for females for every 1,000 live births. Life expectancy at birth is 60.2 years; 58.2 years for males and 62.3 years for females.

Total fertility rate
6.09 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

Birth rate
43.7 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 1st

Death rate
9 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 60th

Net migration rate
0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 67th

Mother's mean age at first birth
19.4 years (2015/16 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Life expectancy at birth
total population: 60.6 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 207th
male: 58.5 years (2018 est.)
female: 62.7 years (2018 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate
57.1% (2012/13)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 10 years (2011)
male: 13 years (2011)
female: 8 years (2011)

Sex ratio
  • At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  • Under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  • 15–64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and older: .79 male(s)/female
  • Total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Health
See also: HIV/AIDS in Angola

According to the CIA World Factbook, 2% of adults (aged 15–49) are living with HIV/AIDS (as of 2009).[14] The risk of contracting disease is very high. There are food and waterborne diseases, bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever; vectorborne diseases, malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness); respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis, and schistosomiasis, a water contact disease, as of 2005.

Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups of Angola 1970

Roughly 37% of Angolans are Ovimbundu, 25% are Ambundu, 13% are Bakongo, 2% are mestiço, 1-2% are white Africans, and people from other African ethnicities make up 22% of Angola's population.

Religions
Main article: Religion in Angola

Angola is a majority Christian country. Official statistics do not exist, however it is estimated that over 80% belong to a Christian church or community. More than half are Catholic, the remaining ones comprising members of traditional Protestant churches as well as of Pentecostal communities. Only 0.1% are Muslims - generally immigrants from other African countries. Traditional indigenous religions are practiced by a very small minority, generally in peripheral rural societies.

Education
Main article: Education in Angola

Literacy is quite low, with 71.1% of the population over the age of 15 able to read and write in Portuguese. 82% of males and 60.7% of women are literate as of 2015.

Languages
Main article: Languages of Angola

Portuguese is the official language of Angola, but Bantu and other African languages are also widely spoken. In fact, Kikongo, Kimbundu, Umbundu, Tuchokwe, Nganguela, and Ukanyama have the official status of "national languages". The mastery of Portuguese is widespread; in the cities the overwhelming majority are either fluent in Portuguese or have at least a reasonable working knowledge of this language; an increasing minority are native Portuguese speakers and have a poor, if any, knowledge of an African language.

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References
  1. Archived May 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  2. "Flight from Angola". The Economist. August 16, 1975. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
  3. "Angola - The Portuguese Coup d'Etat and the End of the Colonial Era". countrystudies.us. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
  4. (in Portuguese) Portugueses em Angola quadruplicaram, Jornal de Notícias (March 10, 2009)
  5. "BBC News - Chinese karaoke fans sing Angola's praises". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  6. ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  7. ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  8. "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Esa.un.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  9. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 6, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. "World Factbook EUROPE : Algeria", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  11. "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". microdata.worldbank.org. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  12. "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  13. "Angola Population 2019", World Population Review
  14. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
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