Demographics of Burkina Faso

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Burkina Faso, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Burkina Faso, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

Burkina Faso's 19.8 million people belong to two major West African cultural groups—the Gur (Voltaic) and the Mandé. The Voltaic are far more numerous and include the Mossi, who make up about one-half of the population. The Mossi claim descent from warriors who migrated to present-day Burkina Faso and established an empire that lasted more than 800 years. Predominantly farmers, the Mossi are still bound by the traditions of the Mogho Naba, who hold court in Ouagadougou.

About 12,000 Europeans reside in Burkina Faso, the majority of whom are French.

Most of Burkina Faso's population is concentrated in the south and center of the country, with a population density sometimes exceeding 48 inhabitants per square kilometer (120 inhabitants per square mile). This population density, high for Africa, causes annual migrations of hundreds of thousands of Burkinabé to Ivory Coast and Ghana for seasonal agricultural work. About a third of Burkinabé adhere to traditional African religions. The introduction of Islam to Burkina Faso was initially resisted by the Mossi rulers. Christians, predominantly Roman Catholics, are largely concentrated among the urban elite.

Few Burkinabé have had formal education. Schooling is free but not compulsory, and only about 29% of Burkina's primary school-age children receive a basic education. The University of Ouagadougou, founded in 1974, was the country's first institution of higher education. The Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso in Bobo-Dioulasso was opened in 1995.

Peanut seller in Ouagadougou

Population

According to the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[1][2] the total population was 19,751,466 in 2018, compared to only 4,284,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 45.3%, 52.4% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.2% was 65 years or older .[3]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 4 284 00040.757.32.0
1955 4 535 00040.956.92.2
1960 4 882 00041.356.42.3
1965 5 284 00041.955.72.4
1970 5 807 00043.653.92.5
1975 6 435 00044.952.52.6
1980 7 212 00046.450.92.7
1985 8 170 00047.449.92.7
1990 9 324 00047.749.72.6
1995 10 692 00047.250.32.5
2000 12 294 00046.551.22.3
2005 14 198 00045.951.92.2
2010 16 469 00045.352.42.2

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Burkina Faso not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [3]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955208 000138 00070 00047.331.316.06.10308
1955-1960225 000135 00090 00047.728.619.16.24258
1960-1965243 000134 000109 00047.926.421.56.35217
1965-1970269 000135 000134 00048.424.324.16.56184
1970-1975294 000135 000160 00048.122.026.16.70157
1975-1980335 000136 000199 00049.120.029.17.02136
1980-1985373 000138 000235 00048.518.030.67.06121
1985-1990417 000149 000268 00047.717.130.66.94111
1990-1995469 000165 000304 00046.816.530.36.71101
1995-2000527 000179 000348 00045.815.630.36.4093
2000-2005594 000189 000406 00044.914.230.66.1486
2005-2010672 000193 000479 00043.912.631.25.9579
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[4][5] [6] [7][8]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1993 43.0 6.9 (6.0) 39.0 5.0 (3.9) 43.0 7.3 (6.5)
1998-99 45.1 6.8 (6.0) 32.6 4.1 (3.4) 47.0 7.3 (6.5)
2003 42.6 6.2 (5.4) 32.4 3.7 (3.2) 44.5 6.9 (6.0)
2010 41.2 6.0 (5.2) 33.3 3.9 (3.3) 43.3 6.7 (5.9)
2014 38.6 5.5 33.6 4.0 40.2 6.1
2017-18 35.1 5.2 30.9 3.7 36.1 5.6

Fertility data as of 2013 (DHS Program):[9]

Region Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Centre3.76.85.3
Boucle du Mouhoun6.810.87.1
Cascades6.010.47.0
Centre-Est6.38.16.6
Centre-Nord6.710.77.1
Centre-Ouest6.410.47.1
Centre-Sud5.69.46.8
Est7.515.07.9
Hauts Bassins5.29.35.9
Nord6.210.37.0
Plateau Central5.89.46.8
Sahel7.512.97.6
Sud-ouest6.410.87.1

Life expectancy
Period Life expectancy in
Years[10]
1950–1955 30.94
1955–1960 33.29
1960–1965 35.59
1965–1970 38.04
1970–1975 40.28
1975–1980 43.40
1980–1985 48.40
1985–1990 49.48
1990–1995 49.33
1995–2000 49.86
2000–2005 51.61
2005–2010 55.27
2010–2015 58.71

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[11]

  • One birth every 42 seconds
  • One death every 3 minutes
  • One net migrant every 21 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 55 seconds

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[12]

Demographic profile

Burkina Faso has a young age structure – the result of declining mortality combined with steady high fertility – and continues to experience rapid population growth, which is putting increasing pressure on the country's limited arable land. More than 65% of the population is under the age of 25, and the population is growing at 3% annually. Mortality rates, especially those of infants and children, have decreased because of improved health care, hygiene, and sanitation, but women continue to have an average of almost 6 children. Even if fertility were substantially reduced, today's large cohort entering their reproductive years would sustain high population growth for the foreseeable future. Only about a third of the population is literate and unemployment is widespread, dampening the economic prospects of Burkina Faso's large working-age population.[12]

Population
20,107,509 (July 2017 est.)
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Age structure
Pyramid population of Burkina Faso in 2017
0-14 years: 44.28% (male 4,434,908 /female 4,307,438)
15-24 years: 20.19% (male 1,980,755 /female 2,004,763)
25-54 years: 28.82% (male 2,639,235 /female 3,051,333)
55-64 years: 3.55% (male 304,642 /female 396,072)
65 years and over: 3.16% (male 273,031 /female 350,538) (2018 est.)
0-14 years: 44.88% (male 4,519,960/female 4,503,937)
15-24 years: 20.07% (male 2,024,501/female 2,012,053)
25-54 years: 29.42% (male 2,999,941/female 2,915,264)
55-64 years: 3.2% (male 284,374/female 359,159)
65 years and over: 2.43% (male 181,996/female 306,324) (2017 est.)

Median age
total: 17.4 years Country comparison to the world: 218th
male: 16.6 years
female: 18.2 years (2018 est.)
Total: 17.3 years
Male: 17.1 years
Female: 17.4 years (2017 est.)

Population growth rate
2.76% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 12th
3% (2017 est.)

Birth rate
36.9 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 14th

Death rate
8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 72nd

Net migration rate
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 76th

Mother's mean age at first birth
19.4 years (2010 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Total fertility rate
4.77 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 19th

Contraceptive prevalence rate
25.4% (2016/17)

Urbanization
urban population: 29.4% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 4.99% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
A girl from Burkina Faso

Life expectancy at birth
total population: 61.8 years (2018 est.)
male: 60.1 years (2018 est.)
female: 63.6 years (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS
Adult prevalence rate: 1.6% (2007 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 130,000 (2007 est.)
Deaths: 9,200 (2007 est.)

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne disease: malaria and yellow fever
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis
Respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
Animal contact diseases: rabies (2009)

Nationality
Noun: Burkinabé (singular and plural)
Adjective: Burkinabé

Ethnic groups
Bobo men in Bobo-Dioulasso
Mossi [13] 52.5%, Fulani [13] 8.4%, Gurma [13] 6.8%, Bobo [13] 4.8%, Gurunsi [13] 4.5%, Senufo [13] 4.4%, Bissa [13] 3.9%, Lobi [13] 2.5%, Dagara [13] 2.4%, Tuareg [13]/Ikelan [13] 1.9%, Dioula [13] 0.8%, Unspecified[13] /No answer [13] 0.1%, Other[13] 7% (including Europeans) (2010 est.)

Religions
Main article: Religion in Burkina Faso
Islam[13] 61.6%, Roman Catholic[13] 23.2%, Traditional[13]/Animist[13] 7.3%, Protestant[13] 6.7%, Other/No Answer[13] 0.2%, None[13] 0.9% (2010 est.)

Languages
Further information: Languages of Burkina Faso
French[13] (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population [13]

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 36%
Male: 43%
Female: 29.3% (2015 est.)

Slavery
Further information: Child labour in cocoa production

In 2018, an estimated 82,000 people in the country were living under "modern slavery" according to the Global Slavery Index.[14] News reports also indicate that "most child slaves on cocoa farms (Ivory Coast and Ghana) come from Mali and Burkina Faso, two of the poorest nations on Earth. The children, some as young as ten, are sent by their families or trafficked by agents with the promise of money. They are made to work long hours for little or no money."[15]

Education expenditure
4.2% of GDP (2015)
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References
  1. ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  2. ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  3. "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Esa.un.org. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  4. "Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1993" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  5. "Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1998-99" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  6. "Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2003" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  7. "Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2010" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  8. "STATcompiler". www.statcompiler.com. Retrieved 2020-02-17.
  9. "Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  10. "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  11. "Burkina Faso Population 2019", World Population Review
  12. "The World FactBook - Burkina Faso", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  13. "Africa :: BURKINA FASO". CIA The World Factbook.
  14. https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/data/country-data/burkina-faso/
  15. http://theconversation.com/the-modern-slavery-bill-is-a-start-but-it-wont-guarantee-us-sweeter-chocolate-102765

 This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document: "2009 edition".

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