Demographics of Armenia

After registering a steady increase during Soviet period, the population of Armenia declined from peak value 3.633 million in 1992 to 2.986 million in 2017.[1]

Demographics of Armenia
Population of Armenia (in millions) from 1949 to 2010.
Population	3,046,100 (7 November 2018)[1]
Density	102.73/km2
Growth rate	0.27/1,000 population (2016 est.)
Birth rate	2.97 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Death rate	1.76 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Nationality
Nationality	Armenian(s)
Major ethnic	Armenian
Minor ethnic	Russian, Yazidis, Kurds, Assyrian people
Language
Official	Armenian
Spoken	Armenian, English, Kurdish, Russian, French and others

The country's population has declined due to increased emigration since the break-up of the Soviet Union. The rates of emigration and population decline, however, have decreased in recent years, and there has been a moderate influx of Armenians returning to Armenia.

Population growth rates in Armenia in years 1980–2016. Data from World Bank.

Population of Armenia 1950–2010.
Data NSSRA ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

Census population and average annual growth rate

Year	Pop.	±%
1831	161,747	—
1873	496,140	+206.7%
1897	797,853	+60.8%
1926	878,929	+10.2%
1939	1,282,338	+45.9%
1959	1,763,048	+37.5%
1970	2,491,873	+41.3%
1979	3,037,259	+21.9%
1989	3,304,776	+8.8%
2001	3,213,011	−2.8%
2011	3,018,854	−6.0%
For 1831 and 1897[2] For 1873[3]

Human development

According to 2018 HDI statistical update (with data for 2017) compared to all its neighboring countries Armenia has:

• the lowest coefficient of human inequality,
• the lowest gender inequality (ranked 55th on Gender Inequality Index),
• highest percentage of men and highest percentage of women with at least some secondary education,
• highest share of seats in parliament held by women,
• highest share of women who reported to feel safe,
• highest GDP growth rate.[4]

Since 1990 Armenia recorded steady growth of average annual HDI scores in every reported period (1990–2000, 2000–2010, 2010–2017).[4]

According to 2016 Sustainable Society Index Armenia has higher rank of Human Wellbeing than all its neighbours. At the same time its Economic Wellbeing rank is below neighbouring countries.[5]

2011 census counted 539 394 persons (19.4% of population above 6 years age) with higher professional education.[6]

Vital statistics

Life expectancy

According to 2018 HDI statistical update compared to all its neighboring countries Armenia has highest health expenditures as percentage of GDP and highest healthy life expectancy at birth.[4]

In 2016 the average life expectancy at birth for males was 71.6 years and for females was 78.3 years, with the average at 75.0 years.[1]

After a setback during 1986–1996 mostly due to the Spitak Earthquake and the Nagorno-Karabakh War, Armenia regained its position and was consistently among the top three former Soviet republics during 1997–2016, topping the list in 2007.[7]

During the Soviet period, life expectancy was traditionally high in Armenia and topped all other republics of USSR and most of countries in Eastern Europe in 1978–1980.[8][9]

Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	62.8	1985–1990	68.4
1955–1960	64.9	1990–1995	68.1
1960–1965	67.0	1995–2000	70.2
1965–1970	69.2	2000–2005	72.4
1970–1975	70.8	2005–2010	72.7
1975–1980	70.6	2010–2015	74.0
1980–1985	70.9

Source: UN[10]

Reproduction indicators

Global map of changes in population growth rates
Population growth rates in 2010–2015 vs. 2005–2010 A study revealed that population growth rate changes were more favorable in Armenia than in its surrounding countries in specified period.

In 2016 natural increase of population comprised 12 366 persons and the crude rate of natural increase made 4.1‰, per 1000 population, decreasing by 0.4 pro mile points compared to the previous year.[1]

After double-digit (in pro mile) crude natural increase rates during 1982–1992 these did not exceed 5.5 after 1998. At regional level slightly better situation is in Yerevan city, where the value of 5.5 is consistently being surpassed since 2009. Particularly weak is natural increase in Tavush and Syunik provinces, not much better off are Lori and Vayots Dzor provinces.[1]

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):[11]

Year	CBR (Total)	TFR (Total)	CBR (Urban)	TFR (Urban)	CBR (Rural)	TFR (Rural)
2000	13.9	1.7 (1.5)	12.1	1.5 (1.3)	16.3	2.1 (1.7)
2005	14.6	1.7 (1.6)	14.5	1.6 (1.6)	14.9	1,8 (1,6)
2010	14.0	1.7 (1.6)	12.8	1.6 (1.5)	16.2	1.8 (1.8)
2015–2016	12.9	1.7 (1.7)	12.7	1.7 (1.6)	13.2	1.8 (1.8)

Armenia's Total Fertility Rate at 1.6 was lowest in the region in 2017.[12] TFR is expected to stay at 1.6 in years 2015–2020, less from 1.7 in years 2010–2015.[4]

The mean age of mother at birth was 26.8 years and at first birth it was 24.7 years in 2016.[1] Adolescent birth rate as well as share of women married at age of 18 was lowest in Armenia compared to its neighboring countries.[4]

In 2016, infant mortality rate (in the first year of their life) was 8.6 ‰ per 1 000 live births.[1]

A study revealed that population growth rate changes were more favorable in Armenia than in its surrounding countries during 2005–2015.

Structure of the population

Mean age in 2016 : 36.2 years.[1]

36.3% of women who gave birth in 2016 had higher education.[1]

Pyramid Armenia 2012
http://www.armstat.am

Structure of the population (12.10.2011, census):[13]

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	1,448,052	1,570,802	3,018,854	100
0–4	110 565	97 007	207 572	6.88
5–9	96 429	83 500	179 929	5.96
10–14	95 458	83 179	178 637	5.92
15–19	117 938	115 137	233 075	7.72
20–24	143 897	148 337	292 234	9.68
25–29	132 109	139 820	271 929	9.01
30–34	108 114	114 891	223 005	7.39
35–39	89 073	98 348	187 421	6.21
40–44	82 502	94 462	176 964	5.86
45–49	98 064	112 996	211 060	6.99
50–54	109 294	125 238	234 532	7.77
55–59	80 989	96 769	177 758	5.89
60–64	56 189	71 410	127 599	4.23
65–69	28 020	37 353	65 373	2.17
70–74	44 041	63 637	107 678	3.57
75–79	30 734	44 643	75 377	2.50
80–84	18 662	30 244	48 906	1.62
85+	5 974	13 831	19 805	0.66

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	302 452	263 686	566 138	18.75
15–64	1,018,169	1,117,408	2,135,577	70.74
65+	127 431	189 708	317 139	10.51

In 2016 households with up to four members prevailed in urban areas of Armenia with share of such households coming to 70.2% in urban communities compared to 60.1% in rural communities.[14]

From sixties of the past century Armenia has highest share of urban population among South Caucasus countries.[15]

Vital statistics summary data[16][17][18][19][20]

	Average population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate	Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births)	Life expectancy males	Life expectancy females	Life expectancy (total)
1950	1,354,000	43,414	11,525	31,889	32.1	8.5	23.6
1951	1,378,000	49,790	12,482	37,308	36.1	9.1	27.1
1952	1,415,000	53,845	12,916	40,929	38.1	9.1	28.9
1953	1,454,000	51,025	14,007	37,018	35.1	9.6	25.5
1954	1,504,000	57,995	12,301	45,900	38.6	8.2	30.4
1955	1,564,000	59,477	13,763	45,714	38.0	8.8	29.2
1956	1,616,000	62,119	12,286	50,000	38.5	7.6	30.8
1957	1,671,000	66,862	14,101	52,761	40.0	8.4	31.6
1958	1,732,000	71,213	14,089	57,124	41.1	8.1	33.0
1959	1,796,000	72,211	13,968	58,243	40.2	7.8	32.4
1960	1,867,000	74,825	12,675	62,150	40.1	6.8	33.3	4.63
1961	1,942,000	72,377	12,496	59,881	37.3	6.4	30.8	4.27
1962	2,005,000	69,505	13,297	56,208	34.7	6.6	28.0	4.17
1963	2,064,000	67,382	12,046	55,336	32.6	5.8	26.8	4.11
1964	2,133,000	64,454	12,415	52,039	30.2	5.8	24.4	3.98
1965	2,205,000	62,969	12,582	50,387	28.6	5.7	22.9	3.91
1966	2,273,000	61,594	12,445	49,149	27.1	5.5	21.6	3.69
1967	2,337,000	57,031	12,622	44,409	24.4	5.4	19.0	3.55
1968	2,401,000	57,503	12,231	45,272	23.9	5.1	18.9	3.46
1969	2,462,000	56,203	12,782	43,421	22.8	5.2	17.6	3.20
1970	2,518,000	55,694	12,844	42,850	22.1	5.1	17.0	3.17
1971	2,580,000	58,188	12,518	45,670	22.6	4.9	17.7	3.18
1972	2,644,000	59,313	13,730	45,583	22.4	5.2	17.2	3.07
1973	2,708,000	59,593	14,102	45,491	22.0	5.2	16.8	2.92
1974	2,770,000	60,419	14,276	46,143	21.8	5.2	16.7	2.82
1975	2,826,000	62,866	15,498	47,368	22.2	5.5	16.8	2.79
1976	2,883,000	65,065	15,688	49,377	22.6	5.4	17.1	2.72
1977	2,943,000	65,830	15,813	50,017	22.4	5.4	17.0	2.61
1978	3,001,000	66,698	16,465	50,233	22.2	5.5	16.7	2.46
1979	3,051,000	69,786	17,125	52,661	22.9	5.6	17.3	2.38
1980	3,096,000	70,324	17,124	53,200	22.7	5.5	17.2	2.33
1981	3,144,000	73,682	16,659	57,023	23.4	5.3	18.1	2.31
1982	3,194,000	74,225	17,469	56,756	23.2	5.5	17.8	2.26
1983	3,243,000	76,436	18,369	58,067	23.6	5.7	17.9	2.35
1984	3,292,000	79,767	19,043	60,724	24.2	5.8	18.4	2.44
1985	3,339,000	80,306	19,581	60,725	24.1	5.9	18.2	2.56
1986	3,387,000	81,192	19,410	61,782	24.0	5.7	18.2	2.58
1987	3,435,000	78,492	19,727	58,765	22.9	5.7	17.1	2.55
1988	3,453,000	74,707	35,567^2	39,140	21.6	10.3	11.3	2.49
1989	3,482,000	75,250	20,853	54,397	21.6	6.0	15.6	2.61
1990	3,545,000	79,882	21,993	57,889	22.5	6.2	16.3	2.63
1991	3,604,000	77,825	23,425	54,400	21.6	6.5	15.1	2.60
1992	3,549,000	70,581	25,824	44,757	19.9	7.3	12.6	2.44
1993	3,410,000	59,041	27,500	31,541	17.3	8.1	9.2	2.14
1994	3,309,000	51,143	24,648	26,495	15.5	7.4	8.0	1.878
1995	3,255,000	48,960	24,842	24,118	15.0	7.6	7.4	1.842
1996	3,247,000	48,134	24,936	23,198	14.8	7.7	7.1	1.834
1997	3,242,000	43,929	23,985	19,944	13.5	7.4	6.2	1.680
1998	3,235,000	39,366	23,210	16,156	12.2	7.2	5.0	1.509
1999	3,230,000	36,502	24,087	12,415	11.3	7.5	3.8	1.388
2000	3,221,000	34,276	24,025	10,251	10.6	7.5	3.2	1.305
2001	3,214,000	32,065	24,003	8,062	10.0	7.5	2.5	1.239
2002	3,205,000	32,229	25,554	6,675	10.1	8.0	2.1	1.207
2003	3,188,000	35,793	26,014	9,779	11.2	8.2	3.1	1.349
2004	3,172,000	37,520	25,679	11,841	11.8	8.1	3.7	1.383
2005	3,155,000	37,499	26,379	11,120	11.9	8.4	3.5	1.366
2006	3,139,000	37,639	27,202	10,437	12.0	8.7	3.3	1.348	13.9	69.8	76.0	72.9
2007	3,122,000	40,105	26,830	13,275	12.8	8.6	4.3	1.417	10.9	69.8	76.1	73.0
2008	3,106,000	41,185	27,412	13,773	13.3	8.8	4.4	1.444	10.8	70.0	76.3	73.2
2009	3,089,000	44,466	27,528	16,938	14.4	8.9	5.5	1.551	10.4	70.0	76.3	73.2
2010	3,073,000	44,825	27,921	16,904	14.6	9.1	5.5	1.556	11.4	70.1	76.4	73.3
2011	3,056,000	43,340	27,963	15,377	14.2	9.1	5.0	1.499	11.6	70.5	77.3	74.0
2012^3	3,037,000	42,480	27,599	14,881	14.0	9.1	4.9	1.58	10.8	70.9	77.5	74.3
2013	3,022,000	41,770	27,165	14,605	13.8	9.0	4.8	1.57	9.7	71.5	77.9	74.8
2014	3,014,000	43,183	27,196	15,987	14.3	9.0	5.3	1.65	8.8	71.8	78.1	75.0
2015	3,007,000	41,763	27,878	13,885	13.9	9.3	4.6	1.64	8.8	71.7	78.2	75.0
2016	2,998,000	40,592	28,226	12,366	13.5	9.4	4.2	1.64	8.6	71.6	78.3	75.0
2017	2,986,000	37,700	27,157	10,543	12.7	9.2	3.5	1.57	8.2	71.9	78.7	75.4
2018	2,973,000	36,502	25,645	10,857	12.3	8.6	3.7	1.60	7.1	72.4	79	75.9
2019	2,965,000	36,131	26,252	9,879	12.2	8.9	3.3	1.60	6.2

¹ The numbers of life births and deaths until 1959 were calculated from the birth rate and death rate, respectively

² The high number of deaths in 1988 is related to the Spitak earthquake While in the 19th century the death rate was equal to the rate of other Europeans (excluding England) and lower than the death rate among the Indo-Portuguese, Hindus and Muslims.[21]

³ The population estimate for 2012 has been recalculated on the basis of the 2011 Census.

Ethnic groups

Armenia is the most ethnically homogeneous country of Europe[22] and the former Soviet Union. It is also the third most densely populated post-Soviet state.[23]

Population of Armenia according to ethnic group 1926–2011

Ethnic group	census 1926^1		census 1939^2		census 1959^3		census 1970^4		census 1979^5		census 1989^6		census 2001^7		census 2011^8
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Armenians	743,571	84.5	1,061,997	82.8	1,551,610	88.0	2,208,327	88.6	2,724,975	89.7	3,083,616	93.3	3,145,354	97.9	2,961,514	98.1
Yazidis	12,237	1.4	20,481	1.6	25,627	1.5	37,486	1.5	50,822	1.7	56,127	1.7	40,620	1.3	35,308	1.2
Kurds	2,973	0.3											1,519	0.0	2,162	0.1
Russians	19,548	2.2	51,464	4.0	56,464	3.2	66,108	2.7	70,336	2.3	51,555	1.6	14,660	0.5	11,911	0.4
Assyrians	2,215	0.3	3,280	0.3	4,326	0.2	5,544	0.2	6,183	0.2	5,963	0.2	3,409	0.1	2,769	0.1
Ukrainians	2,286	0.3	5,496	0.4	5,593	0.3	8,390	0.3	8,900	0.3	8,341	0.3	1,633	0.1	1,176	0.0
Greeks	2,980	0.3	4,181	0.3	4,976	0.3	5,690	0.2	5,653	0.2	4,650	0.1	1,176	0.0	900	0.0
Georgians	274	0.0	652	0.1	816	0.0	1,439	0.1	1,314	0.0	1,364	0.0	694	0․0	617	0.0
Azerbaijanis	76,870	8.7	130,896	10.2	107,748	6.1	148,189	5.9	160,841	5.3	84,860	2.6	29	0․0
Jews	335	0.0	512	0.0	1,024	0.1	1,047	0.0	959	0.0	720	0.0	109	0․0	127[24]	0․0
Others	18,001	2.0	3,379	0.3	4,864	0.3	9,653	0.4	7,276	0.2	7,580	0.2	3,808	0.1	1,983	0.1
Total	880,464		1,282,338		1,763,048		2,491,873		3,037,259		3,304,776		3,213,011		3,018,467
^1 Source: . ^2 Source: . ^3 Source: . ^4 Source: . ^5 Source: . ^6 Source: . ^7 Source: . ^8 Source: .

In 2002 review ethnic minorities included Russians, Assyrians, Ukrainians, Yazidi Kurds, Iranians, Greeks, Georgians, and Belarusians. There were also smaller communities of Vlachs, Mordvins, Ossetians, Udis, and Tats. Minorities of Poles and Caucasus Germans also exist though they are heavily Russified.[25]

Languages

Armenian is the only official language.

2001 census data: Armenian 97.7%, Kurdish 1%, Russian 0.9%, and other 0.4%.

2011 census data: Native languages were reported as follows: Armenian – 2,956,615, Yezidian – 30,973, Russian – 23,484, Assyrian – 2,402, Kurdish – 2,030.[6]

Armenia is a member of the La Francophonie and hosted its annual summit in 2018.[26]

The largest communities of the ethnic Armenian diaspora are fluent in Russian and English.

Religions

Main article: Religion in Armenia

Most Armenians are Christian, primarily of Apostolic Church rite. Armenia is considered the first nation to adopt Christianity, which was first preached in Armenia by two Apostles of Jesus, St. Bartholomew and St. Thaddeus in the 1st century. The Armenian Apostolic Church can trace its roots back to the 3rd and 4th centuries. The country formally adopted the Christian faith in 301 A.D. Over 90% of Armenians belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. It is a very ritualistic, conservative church, roughly comparable to the Coptic and Syrian churches. Armenia also has a population of Catholics and evangelical Protestants.

According to the Census of 2011 the religion in Armenia is the following: Christianity 2,862,366 (94.8%) of whom 2,797,187 Armenian Apostolic (92.5%), 29,280 Evangelical, 13,996 Armenian and Roman (Latin) Catholic, 8,695 Jehovah's Witness, 8,587 Eastern Orthodox (Russian, Ukrainian, Georgian, Greek), 2,874 Molokan (non-Orthodox Russians), 1,733 Assyrian Church of the East (Nestorian), 733 Protestant, 241 Mormon, Yazidism (0.8%), Paganism (0.2%), 812 Islam, 5,299 Other Religion (0.2%), 121,587 No Response (4%).[27]

Migration

Annual net migration rate (per 1000 population). Source data and projections (2019) from UN.

Compared it is neighbouring countries Armenia has highest share immigrants (6.5% of total population, 2017 data).[4]

The estimated number of population net migration is −24.8 thousand persons, according to the Integrated living conditions survey of households of 2016; for urban population −13.8 thousand and for rural population −11.0 thousand persons.[1]

24.9% of households were involved in external and internal migration processes over the period of 2013– 2016. Migration directions were distributed as follows: 12% – internal, 10.5% – Republic of Artsakh, rest (76.4%) – international (of which 89.8% – Russia). Among household members of age 15 and above, who left the place of their permanent residence in 2013–2016 for 3 months and longer and had not returned as of 2016, 11.9% were in Armenia, 13.0% in Artsakh, and 75.1% in other countries, predominantly in the Russian Federation. More than 54% of migrant household members of the age 15 years and above sent money and/ or goods to their families/relatives/friends within the 12 months preceding the survey.[28]

According to 2019 UN data emigration rate averaged to annually 1.7 per 1000 inhabitants in years 2015–2020 and is expected to remain same until year 2045. These are below average emigration rate of 11.5 per 1000 in years 2000–2010 and even below the emigration rate of 3.2 per 1000 in years 1980–1985.[29]

Wealth and poverty

Inequality

Out of 41 emerging economies Armenia was among only 4, which recorded rising inequality (measured by Gini coefficient) in years 2007–2015.[30]

Wealth

According to Global Wealth Report prepared by Credit Suisse mean wealth per adult in Armenia in 2019 is estimated at $19,517 rising 9 times from estimated $2,177 in year 2000. Mean wealth per adult in Armenia surpasses corresponding values for neighboring countries Georgia and Azerbaijan by over 50%, all CIS countries except Russia and Kazakhstan, and neighboring Iran. Growth rate of mean wealth per adult between 2000 and 2019 with the value of 9 times beats all neighboring countries, most of CIS countries and even all Baltic countries (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia).[31][32]

Median wealth per adult is reported at $8,309 in 2019, above the world average, rising 9.6 times from $862 in year 2000.[31][32]

Between 2000 and 2019 average debts per adult grew 28.7 times to $1,261, or 6.5% of wealth per adult (below 11.9% world average).[31][32]

55% of adults own less than $10,000, 42.7% — $10,000–$100,000, 2.2% — $100,000–$1 million and 0.1% — over $1 million. The share of adults owning less than $10,000 with the value of 55% is less than corresponding value in each of CIS countries, neighboring Iran and Turkey, as well as the world average. Gini coefficient for wealth is reported at 66.3%, less than 82.4% European average and 88.5% world average.[31][32]

Poverty

According to official data 29.4% of population was below poverty line in year 2016. The poverty indicators in Shirak, Lori, Kotayk, Tavush and Armavir provinces are higher than the country average. The highest poverty rate in the country has been recorded in Shirak province, where 46% of the population is below the poverty line. To overcome poverty, Armenia would need AMD 63.2 billion, or an amount equal to 1.2% of GDP, in addition to the resources already allocated for social assistance, assuming that such assistance would be efficiently targeted to the poor only.[14]

In terms of international poverty line corresponding to US$1.25 at 2005 PPP poverty in Armenia went down from 19.3% in year 2001 to 1.5% in year 2008 and remained nearly unchanged until year 2015 moving in range 1.5% – 2.7%.[14]

See also

• Demographics of the Republic of Artsakh
• Censuses of Armenia
• Social protection in Armenia
• Health in Armenia
• Ethnic minorities in Armenia
• Assyrians in Armenia
• Greeks in Armenia
• Russians in Armenia
• Yazidis in Armenia
• Lom people

References

1. "The Demographic Handbook of Armenia, 2017 – Summary" (PDF). n.d.
2. The Impact of Soviet Policies in Armenia, Mary Allerton Kilbourne Matossian, page 12, Brill Archive 1955
3. A Modern History of Transcaucasian Armenia: Social, Cultural, and Political, Manuel Sarkisyanz, Brill (Distribution), 1975, page 61
4. "Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update" (PDF). n.d.
5. "Ranking all countries – Sustainable Society Index". Retrieved 2 December 2019.
6. "Armenian 2011 census data, chapter 5" (PDF). n.d.
7. "World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer". Google. n.d. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
8. "World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer". Google. n.d. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
9. d_zykin (2 January 2016). "Продолжительность жизни по республикам СССР". Журнал Летучего Мыша: каждому свое и подобное к подобному. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
10. "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". n.d. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
11. "The DHS Program – Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs". dhsprogram.com.
12. "Map". Retrieved 7 February 2018.
13. "United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics". United Nations.
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External links

• Population cartogram of Armenia
• Khachatryan, Anush; Karapetyan, Arsen: "Public Green Space in Armenian Cities: A Legal Analysis" in the Ccaucasus Analytical Ddigest No. 23